DNS

What is DNS

Domain Name System is a service that can be installed on any windows server operating system to
resolve the Name to IP Address and vice-versa. TCP/IP network such as the internet, use DNS to
locate computers and services through user-friendly names.

What Are The Resource Records In Dns?

A (Address) Maps a host name to an IP address. When a computer has multiple adapter cards
and IP addresses, it should have multiple address records.

CNAME (Canonical Name) Sets an alias for a host name. For example, using this record,
zeta.tvpress.com can have an alias as www.tvpress.com.

MX (Mail Exchange) Specifies a mail exchange server for the domain, which allows mail to be
delivered to the correct mail servers in the domain.

NS (Name Server) Specifies a name server for the domain, which allows DNS lookups within
various zones. Each primary and secondary name server should be declared through this record.

PTR (Pointer) Creates a pointer that maps an IP address to a host name for reverse lookups.

SOA (Start of Authority) Declares the host that is the most authoritative for the zone and, as
such, is the best source of DNS information for the zone. Each zone file must have an SOA
record (which is created automatically when you add a zone).

What Are A Forward And Reverse Lookup?

Forward Lookup: When a name query is send to the DNS server against to IP address, it is
generally said a forward lookup.
Reverse Lookup: DNS also provides a reverse lookup process, enabling clients to use a known
IP address during a name query and look up a computer name based on its address.
What Is Primary Zone?
This is the read and writable copy of a zone file in the DNS namespace. This is primary source
for information about the zone and it stores the master copy of zone data in a local file or in AD
DS. Dy default the primary zone file is named as zone_name.dns in %windir%System32DNS
folder on the server.

What Id Secondary Zone?

This is the read only copy of a zone file in the DNS namespace. This is secondary source for
information about the zone and it get the updated information from the master copy of primary
zone. The network access must be available to connect with primary server. As secondary zone
is merely a copy of a primary zone that is hosted on another server, it cannot be stored in AD
DS.

What Is Stub Zone?

A stub zone is a read only copy of a zone that contains only those resource records which are
necessary to identify the authoritative DNS servers for that particular zone. A stub zone is
practically used to resolve names between separate DNS namespaces. This type of zone is
generally created when a corporate merger or acquire and DNS servers for two separate DNS
namespaces resolve names for clients in both namespaces.
A stub zone contains:

 The start of authority (SOA) resource record, name server (NS) resource records, and

the glue A resource records for the delegated zone.

 The IP address of one or more master servers that can be used to update the stub zone.

What Is Caching Only Server?

Caching-only servers are those DNS servers that only perform name resolution queries, cache
the answers, and return the results to the client. Once the query is stored in cache, next time the
query in resolved locally from cached instead of going to the actual site.

What Is Aging And Scavenging?

DNS servers running Windows Server support aging and scavenging features. These features
are provided as a mechanism to perform cleanup and removal of stale resource records from the
server and zone. This feature removes the dynamically created records when they are stamped
as stale.
By default, the aging and scavenging mechanism for the DNS Server service is disabled.
Scavenging and aging must be enabled both at the DNS server and on the zone
What Is Srv Record In Dns?
The SRV record is a resource record in DNS that is used to identify or point to a computer that
host specific services i.e Active directory.

What Is Forwarding In Dns?

A forwarder is a feature in DNS server that is used to forward DNS queries for external DNS
names to DNS servers outside of that network. We ca configure a DNS server as a forwarder to
forward the name query to other DNS servers in the network when they cannot resolve locally to
that DNS server.

What Is Conditional Forwarding In Dns?

We can configure the DNS server to forward queries according to specific domain names using
conditional forwarders. In this case query is forward to an IP address against a DNS domain
name.

What Are Queries Types In Dns?

Recursive Query: This name queries are generally made by a DNS client to a DNS server or by
a DNS server that is configured to pass unresolved name queries to another DNS server, in the
case of a DNS server configured to use a forwarder.
Iterative Query: An iterative name query is one in which a DNS client allows the DNS server to
return the best answer it can give based on its cache or zone data. If the queried DNS server
does not have an exact match for the queried name, the best possible information it can return is
a referral. The DNS client can then query the DNS server for which it obtained a referral. It
continues this process until it locates a DNS server that is authoritative for the queried name, or
until an error or time-out condition is met.

What Are Tools For Troubleshooting Of Dns?

DNS Console, NSLOOKUP, DNSCMD, IPCONFIG, DNS Logs.

How To Check Dns Health?

Using the DCdiag.
i.e. (dcdiag /test:dns /v /e)

What Is The Use Of Domain Name System?

 Domain Name Systems are used to help users in finding the location of the web page

over the internet.

  It provides a unique address that is in the form of strings of numbers and it uniquely

identifies a web page.

 The address that is being used called as IP address and IP is the protocol used to

transfer the information over the network.

 Domain Name systems makes it easy for the user to remember the name and access the

web pages easily.

 DNS is an alternate way to provide easy to remember IP addresses and use them to

access the web-services easily.

Can You Explain What Are The Main Function Of Domain Names?

 Domain names provide an easy way to recognize and memorize the names using the

numerically addressed Internet resources.

 It is used to address the Internet resources placed on internet or it provides and

abstraction that allows the resources to be moved from one place to another in hierarchy.

 It provides a way to move the resources in a topological form and provide the translation

to be done using the IP addresses and domain names.

 Domain names provide a way to the registrants to refer to the domain owners for their

registration of the domain and have the ownership of it.

What Are The Steps Involved In Registering The Domain?

 To register the domains the registering of the entry into the directory is being placed

where the domain names can be registered according to the computers.

 Domain names are used to provide a way to access the web pages and they end with

.aero, .biz, .com, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .net, .org, or .pro.

 The domain names can be registered using different registrars or companies that deal in

registration process.

 The domain gets registered by providing the information given in the registration process

and a record is being maintained for the same.

  The technical information being provided to the registrars get stored to a central directory

known as registry.

 The registry gives all the information on different computers that are connected to the

Internet and accessing the web site.

What Is Authoritative Name Server?

An authoritative name server is a name server that gives answers that have been configured by
an original source, for example, the domain administrator or by dynamic DNS methods, in
contrast to answers that were obtained via a regular DNS query to another name server. An
authoritative-only name server only returns answers to queries about domain names that have
been specifically configured by the administrator.

What Is The Main Purpose Of A Dns Server?

DNS servers are used to resolve FQDN hostnames into IP addresses and vice versa.

How Do I Set Up Dns For A Child Domain?

To set up DNS for a child domain, create a delegation record on the parent DNS server for the
child DNS server. Create a secondary zone on the child DNS server that transfers the parent
zone from the parent DNS server.
Note Windows Server 2003 has additional types of zones, such as Stub Zones and forest-level
integrated Active Directory zones, that may be a better fit for your environment. Set the child
domain controller to point to itself first. As soon as an additional domain controller is available,
set the child domain controller to point to this domain controller in the child domain as its
secondary.

What Should I Do If The Domain Controller Points To Itself For Dns, But The Srv Records Still Do
Not Appear In The Zone?
Check for a disjointed namespace, and then run Netdiag.exe /fix.
You must install Support Tools from the Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 CD-
ROM to run Netdiag.exe.

What Is The Main Purpose Of Srv Records?

SRV records are used in locating hosts that provide certain network services.