Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
BY
Anirudha Vasudevan
Gunjan Shetye
Harsh Shah
The Problem
To report the results obtained from the above three methods and compare
them with the FEMA 451 design example.
Why This Building??
Courtesy: Robot
Structural Analysis
Package
Description of The Structure
25 ft.
wide
bays in Y-
direction
Columns
range from
W24X146
at roof to
W24X229
One-story
at Level G
basement
18ft below
30 ft. wide bays in X-direction grade
Ground Motion Parameters for Stockton
,CA
Provisions Maps 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 NEHRP- (FEMA-450)
Period of Vibration
Ta =1.59 sec
Cu = 1.4
Cu * Ta = 2.23 seconds
Courtesy: comp.uark.edu
Damping
Courtesy: edes.bris.ac.uk
Mass Distribution
WHY ELF??
For preliminary design purposes.
ELF
Fx = Cvx V
Equivalent lateral Forces for buildings responding in X and Y directions based on NEHRP 2003
ELF
5 % eccentricity
Torsional Irregularity in X direction
δmax
δmin
Torsional Irregularity in Y direction
Computation for Torsional Irregularity with ELF Loads Acting in Y Direction δmax δmin
(SAP 2000 Analysis Output)
Level 1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Inealastic
Total Drift Story Drift Story Drift Allowable
from SAP from SAP
2000 2000 Drift Times 0.568 Drift
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
R 6.71 0.32 1.73 0.982 3
12 6.4 0.45 2.48 1.41 3
11 5.95 0.56 3.08 1.75 3 ELF Drift for Building Responding in X Direction from
10 5.39 5.39 3.38 1.92 3 SAP 2000
9 4.77 0.59 3.22 1.83 3
8 4.19 0.64 3.52 2 3 Level 1 2 3 4 5
7 3.55 0.65 3.58 2.03 3
Total Drift Story Drift Inelastic Story Inealastic Drift Allowable
6 2.9 0.63 3.44 1.95 3
from SAP from SAP
5 2.27 0.55 3 1.7 3 2000 2000 Drift Times 0.568 Drift
4 1.73 0.55 3 1.7 3
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
3 1.18 0.54 2.94 1.67 3
R 6.11 0.19 1.045 0.59 3
2 0.65 0.65 3.55 2.02 4.32
12 5.92 0.31 1.705 0.97 3
11 5.61 0.43 2.365 1.34 3
10 5.185 0.52 2.86 1.62 3
9 4.67 0.45 2.475 1.41 3
8 4.225 0.52 2.86 1.62 3
7 3.71 0.56 3.08 1.75 3
6 3.155 0.53 2.915 1.66 3
5 2.625 0.43 2.365 1.34 3
4 2.195 0.45 2.475 1.41 3
3 1.75 0.48 2.64 1.50 3
2 1.275 1.275 7.0125 3.98 4.32
ELF Drifts in Y Direction
ELF Drift for Building Responding in X Direction
(FEMA-451 Design Examples Table3.1-7)
Level 1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Inealastic
Total Drift Story Drift Story Drift Allowable
from SAP from SAP
2000 2000 Drift Times 0.568 Drift
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
R 6.01 0.22 1.21 0.687 3 ELF Drift for Building Responding in Y Direction
from SAP 2000
12 5.79 0.36 1.98 1.12 3
11 5.43 0.45 2.48 1.41 3
10 4.98 0.67 3.66 2.08 3 Level 1 2 3 4 5
9 4.32 0.49 2.7 1.53 3 Inelastic
Total Drift Story Drift Story Inealastic Drift Allowable
8 3.83 0.57 3.11 1.77 3
from SAP
7 3.26 0.58 3.19 1.81 3
2000 from SAP 2000 Drift Times 0.568 Drift
6 2.68 0.64 3.49 1.98 3
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
5 2.05 0.46 2.53 1.43 3
R 5.825 0.13 0.715 0.41 3
4 1.59 0.49 2.67 1.52 3
12 5.695 0.23 1.265 0.72 3
3 1.1 0.49 2.7 1.53 3
11 5.465 0.32 1.76 1.00 3
2 0.61 0.61 3.36 1.91 4.32
10 5.15 0.63 3.465 1.97 3
9 4.52 0.41 2.255 1.28 3
8 4.115 0.46 2.53 1.44 3
7 3.66 0.5 2.75 1.56 3
6 3.16 0.75 4.125 2.34 3
5 2.415 0.48 2.64 1.50 3
4 1.935 0.49 2.695 1.53 3
3 1.445 0.51 2.805 1.59 3
2 0.94 0.94 5.17 2.94 4.32
Accurate period using Rayleigh Analysis
ω=
Rayleigh analysis for X-direction Period of Vibration Rayleigh analysis for Y-direction Period of Vibration
Computation of P-Delta Effects for X-Direction Response Computation of P-Delta Effects for X-Direction Response
FEMA 451 Design Example from SAP 2000
9 150 3.22 3403 465 3868 11571.9 764.7 0.059 9 150 2.475 3403 465 3868 11571.9 764.7 0.045
8 150 3.52 2330.8 465 2795.8 14367.7 865.8 0.071 8 150 2.86 2330.8 465 2795.8 14367.7 865.8 0.058
7 150 3.58 2330.8 465 2795.8 17163.5 942.5 0.079 7 150 3.08 2330.8 465 2795.8 17163.5 942.5 0.068
6 150 3.44 2330.8 465 2795.8 19959.3 998.8 0.083 6 150 2.915 2330.8 465 2795.8 19959.3 998.8 0.071
5 150 3 4323.8 615 4938.8 24898.1 1070.2 0.085 5 150 2.365 4323.8 615 4938.8 24898.1 1070.2 0.067
4 150 3 3066.1 615 3681.1 28579.2 1101.7 0.094 4 150 2.475 3066.1 615 3681.1 28579.2 1101.7 0.078
3 150 2.94 3066.1 615 3681.1 32260.3 1118.2 0.103 3 150 2.64 3066.1 615 3681.1 32260.3 1118.2 0.092
2 216 3.55 3097 615 3712 35972.3 1124.5 0.096 2 216 7.0125 3097 615 3712 35972.3 1124.5 0.189
ASCE 7 ELF Load Combinations
Final Design Load Combinations
1.37D + 0.5L + E
0.73D+E
X direction 5% accidental
eccentricity
4 1.149 1.15
5 1.074 1.08
6 0.724 0.78
7 0.697 0.67
8 0.631 0.64
9 0.434 0.47
10 0.427 0.43
Mode Shapes from Modal Analysis in SAP2000
Analysis using
Response Spectrum
Co-ordinates in SAP
2000.
Combination of
Seismic motion in X
and Y direction is used.
Dynamic Base Shear
Story Shears from Modal-Response-Spectrum Analysis Story Shears from Modal-Response-Spectrum Analysis
From FEMA-451 Example From SAP 2000 analysis
Scaled
Level Total Drift from Scaled Total Drift Scaled Story Allowable
R.S. Analysis Drift (in.) Drift X Cd Story Drift
(in.) [Col-1 X 2.18] (in.) (in.) (in.)
R 1.96 4.28 0.18 0.99 3
12 1.88 4.1 0.26 1.43 3
11 1.76 3.84 0.3 1.65 3
10 1.62 3.54 0.33 1.82 3
9 1.47 3.21 0.34 1.87 3
8 1.32 2.87 0.36 1.98 3 Response Spectrum Drift for Building Responding in X Direction
from SAP 2000
7 1.15 2.51 0.4 2.2 3
6 0.968 2.11 0.39 2.14 3
5 0.789 1.72 0.38 2.09 3
4 0.615 1.34 0.38 2.09 3 Level Total Drift from Scaled Total Scaled Drift Scaled Story Allowable
3 0.439 0.958 0.42 2.31 3 R.S. Analysis Drift (in.) Drift X Cd Story Drift
2 0.245 0.534 0.53 2.91 4.32 (in.) [Col-1 X 2.14] (in.) (in.) (in.)
1 in. = 25.4 mm R 1.93 4.1302 0.11 0.605 3
12 1.88 4.0232 0.17 0.935 3
11 1.8 3.852 0.22 1.21 3
10 1.7 3.638 0.23 1.265 3
9 1.59 3.4026 0.29 1.595 3
8 1.45 3.103 0.28 1.54 3
7 1.32 2.8248 0.32 1.76 3
6 1.17 2.5038 0.36 1.98 3
5 1 2.14 0.3 1.65 3
4 0.86 1.8404 0.34 1.87 3
3 0.7 1.498 0.41 2.255 3
2 0.51 1.0914 1.09 5.995 4.32
Response Spectrum Drifts in
Y-Direction
Response Spectrum Drift for Building Responding in Y Direction
From FEMA-451 Example
Level Total Drift from Scaled Total Scaled Drift Scaled Story Allowable
R.S. Analysis Drift (in.) Drift X Cd Story Drift
(in.) [Col-1 X 2.18] (in.) (in.) (in.)
R 1.84 3.87 0.12 0.66 3
12 1.79 3.75 0.2 1.1 3
11 1.69 3.55 0.24 1.32 3
10 1.58 3.31 0.37 2.04 3
Response Spectrum Drift for Building Responding in Y Direction
9 1.4 2.94 0.29 1.6 3
From SAP 2000
8 1.26 2.65 0.33 1.82 3
7 1.1 2.32 0.35 1.93 3 Level Total Drift from Scaled Total Scaled Drift Scaled Story Allowable
6 0.938 1.97 0.38 2.09 3 R.S. Analysis Drift (in.) Drift X Cd Story Drift
5 0.757 1.59 0.32 1.76 3 (in.) [Col-1 X 2.1] (in.) (in.) (in.)
4 0.605 1.27 0.36 2 3 R 1.82 3.822 0.06 0.33 3
3 0.432 0.908 0.39 2.14 3 12 1.79 3.759 0.13 0.715 3
2 0.247 0.518 0.52 2.86 4.32 11 1.73 3.633 0.15 0.825 3
1 in. = 25.4 mm 10 1.66 3.486 0.32 1.76 3
9 1.51 3.171 0.23 1.265 3
8 1.4 2.94 0.27 1.485 3
7 1.27 2.667 0.29 1.595 3
6 1.13 2.373 0.49 2.695 3
5 0.9 1.89 0.32 1.76 3
4 0.75 1.575 0.38 2.09 3
3 0.57 1.197 0.4 2.2 3
2 0.38 0.798 0.79 4.345 4.32
P-Delta Effects
Computation of P-Delta Effects for X-Direction Computation of P-Delta Effects for X-Direction Response
Response from FEMA-451 Example ffrom SAP 2000
R 150 0.99 1656.5 315 1971.5 1971.5 180 0.013 R 150 0.605 1656.5 315 1971.5 1971.5 154.3154 0.01
12 150 1.43 1595.8 315 1910.8 3882.3 286 0.024 12 150 0.935 1595.8 315 1910.8 3882.3 268.57 0.02
11 150 1.21 1595.8 315 1910.8 5793.1 343.47 0.02
11 150 1.65 1595.8 315 1910.8 5793.1 358 0.032
10 150 1.82 1595.8 315 1910.8 7703.9 417 0.041 10 150 1.265 1595.8 315 1910.8 7703.9 243.1896 0.05
9 150 1.87 3403 465 3868 11571.9 523 0.05 9 150 1.595 3403 465 3868 11571.9 397.5692 0.06
8 150 1.98 2330.8 465 2795.8 14367.7 586 0.059 8 150 1.54 2330.8 465 2795.8 14367.7 196.2808 0.14
7 150 2.2 2330.8 465 2795.8 17163.5 638 0.072 7 150 1.76 2330.8 465 2795.8 17163.5 642.0642 0.06
6 150 2.14 2330.8 465 2795.8 19959.3 688 0.075 6 150 1.98 2330.8 465 2795.8 19959.3 692.0225 0.07
5 150 2.09 4323.8 615 4938.8 24898.1 783 0.081 5 150 1.65 4323.8 615 4938.8 24898.1 798.0702 0.06
4 150 2.09 3066.1 615 3681.1 28579.2 838 0.086 4 150 1.87 3066.1 615 3681.1 28579.2 863.0427 0.08
3 150 2.31 3066.1 615 3681.1 32260.3 894 0.101 3 150 2.255 3066.1 615 3681.1 32260.3 911.5116 0.10
2 216 2.91 3097 615 3712 35972.3 956 0.092 2 216 5.995 3097 615 3712 35972.3 955.8738 0.19
Torsion, Orthogonal Loading and
Load Combinations
Design forces include 100 percent of the scaled X-direction spectrum added to 30
percent of scaled Y-direction spectrum and accidental torsion is added to combined
spectral loading.
FEMA-451
SAP 2000 output for Shear forces Example
Scaled
Shear Forces Earth Scaled Total
from Response quake Accidental Accidental earthquak Member
Story Spectrum shear Torsion torsion e shear forces
level Combinaton forces Shear Force Shear force force (kips)
R-12 2.03 4.344 0.43 0.37 4.71 9.9
12 to 11 2.23 4.772 0.88 0.75 5.52 17.8
11 to 10 7.58 16.221 1.35 1.15 17.37 26
10 to 9 7.22 15.451 1.87 1.59 17.04 29.8
9 to 8 8.03 17.184 1.83 1.56 18.74 26.6
8 to 7 8.93 19.110 1.36 1.16 20.27 28
7 to 6 9.68 20.715 1.51 1.28 22.00 30.9
6 to5 8.69 18.597 1.78 1.51 20.11 32.3
5 to 4 9.46 20.244 1.43 1.22 21.46 27.9
4 to 3 10.1 21.614 1.1 0.94 22.55 28.8
3 to 2 12.02 25.723 1.14 0.97 26.69 29.7
2 to G 12.23 26.172 1.3 1.11 27.28 31.5
Modal Time History Analysis
ELF Base shear = 1124 kips for Factors for scaling Modal Time
fundamental period of T=2.23 sec History base shear to 100 %
base shear computed in ELF
Drift
Drift and P-delta checked only for Motion A00 acting in X-direction
Scaled Inertial Force and story shear envelopes from Analysis A00X
Time-History Drift for building responding in X Direction to Motion A 00X
At Time of Max. Roof At Time of Max. Base
Level 1 2 3 4
Level Displacement Shear
Elastic Total Elastic Story Inelastic Story Allowable
(T = 12.75 sec) (T = 11.4 sec)
Drift Drift Drift Drift
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) Story Inertial force Story Inertial force
R 5.849612362 0.22 1.21 3 Shear (k) (kips) Shear (k) (kips)
12 5.638543874 0.27 1.485 3 R 49.2085 49.21 35.57065 35.57
11 5.367170105 0.38 2.09 3 12 92.08855 42.88 66.9185 34.35
10 4.975185771 0.39 2.145 3 11 132.2868 40.2 68.402 1.482
9 4.522896156 0.51 2.805 3 10 102.8882 -29.4 89.2239 20.82
8 4.010301258 0.7 3.85 3 9 175.099 72.12 146.625 57.41
7 3.316790514 0.3 1.65 3 8 83.6165 -91.39 74.3475 -72.28
6 3.015264104 0.39 2.145 3 7 256.3868 172.77 214.1381 139.79
5 2.62327977 0.33 1.815 3 6 272.7685 16.38 178.4478 -35.69
4 2.291600719 0.42 2.31 3 5 290.582 17.81 220.0859 41.56
3 1.869463744 0.48 2.64 3 4 317.86 27.28 234.9565 212.95
2 1.387021488 1.39 7.645 4.32 3 336.5705 18.71 324.1816 89.22
2 352.7625 16.19 349.7587 25.58
Torsion and Orthogonal Loading
Response-spectrum Analysis
Modal-time-history-analysis
Base Shears and Story shears
Summary of results from various Methods of Analysis: Story Shear Summary of results from various Methods of Analysis: Story Shear
From FEMA-451 Example from SAP 2000