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In a number of cases the court has upheld the rights of the Negroes. The Supreme Court has upheld the right of freedom of religion. The Supreme Court has expanded its interpretation of the due process
clause for the protection of civil liberties and restricted the protection given to property. The Supreme Court has issued writs like habeas corpus, mandamus, and certiorari injunction for the protection of the
rights of the people.
a. Original Jurisdiction
The dignity of the parties, i.e the ambassadors or the states demand that cases involving them should be lodged in the highest court in the sand since appearance before the inferior courts may lower their
dignity. Generally asides involving question of constitutionality or otherwise commanding extraordinary importance are brought before the Supreme Court.
b. Appellate jurisdiction
That is, it hears appeals in case already decided and the appeal to the supreme court can lie only in those cases where the highest state court
i. has held invalid some state law which is alleged to be in violation of the federal constitution, of a law made by the congress, or of a treaty made by the United States;
ii. Has held invalid a federal law or treaty. Since 1914, the Supreme Court has been given discretionary power to review the decision of a state court if it sees fit, even when this decision has held a state law
invalid on a question of federal right. Sometimes it consents to review such decisions, more often it declines.
c. No advisory Jurisdiction
The supreme court of America does not perform the advisory function. It acts only when a law has been violated and the matter is raised in a specific suit.