Beruflich Dokumente
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Testing Rules:
1. No electronic devices (e.g. cell phones, blue tooth earpieces, ear buds, etc.) are permitted
during examinations. Any student seen with these devices will be considered to be cheating
and his/her exam will be taken and given a grade of zero.
2. Cell phones must be “turned off” during the exam (no vibrate mode).
3. You are only allowed to sit in a seat where an exam has been placed.
4. All personal items must fit under your seat or left up front.
5. Exam scores will only be posted at MasteringMicrobiology® web site being found @ Score.
6. Exams will not be returned but you may review them during scheduled office hours.
Test Format:
Chapter 15 = 13 questions
Chapter 16 = 6 questions
Chapter 17 = 6 questions
Chapter 20 = 12 questions
Chapter 21 = 13 questions
Learning Objectives
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
2
Chapter 17
Chapter 20
1. Define the terms chemotherapy, antimicrobial drugs, antibiotic, selective toxicity, antibiosis,
superinfection, & therapeutic index.
2. Recall the name of the microbe that is a major source of natural antibiotics.
3. List six desirable characteristics of an antibiotic.
4. Distinguish between antibiotic bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic actions & also broad and
narrow spectrum activities.
5. Recall five actions of antimicrobials.
6. Recall two major classes of antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis, modes of action, and
individual antibiotics associated with each class.
7. Describe penicillin binding proteins (PBP) and state their relationship to penicillin.
8. Define the terms natural penicillins, semisynthetic penicillins, & extended-spectrum
penicillins.
9. Describe the mechanism of beta lactamase resistance to penicillin.
10. Describe why MRSA, VRSA & VRE bacteria pose an increased patient threat.
11. Recall the source, mechanisms of action, & bacterial coverage for polypeptide antibiotics:
3
bacitracin
vancomycin
chloramphenicol
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
glycylcyclines
macrolides
12. Recall two major classes of antimicrobials affecting bacterial fatty acid synthesis, antibiotic
names, mechanisms of action, and coverage.
13. Recall two major classes of antimicrobials affecting RNA/DNA synthesis, mechanisms of
action, antibiotic names, and coverage.
14. Describe the mechanism of action and coverage of the sulfonamides sulfamethoxazole &
trimethoprim.
15. List three reasons that fungal infections are harder to treat than bacterial infections.
16. Recall three antifungals interfering with ergosterol synthesis, antibiotic names, and
coverage.
17. Recall the fungal target of echinocandins along with three organisms for treatment.
18. Recall two antifungals interfering with nucleic acid synthesis, antibiotic names, and
coverage.
19. Recall fungal diseases treated with griseofulvin & tolnaftate.
20. Recall the mode of action for the following antitubucular drugs:
isoniazid (INH)
ethambutol
rifampin
pyrazinamide
21. Discuss why viruses are generally harder to treat than bacteria.
22. Recall four major classes of antiviral drugs, drug names, and target organisms.
23. Recall three major classes of antiprotozoan drugs, drug names, and target organisms.
24. Recall four major classes of antihelminthic and target organisms.
25. Differentiate between empiric therapy & definitive therapy.
26. List two types of antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST).
27. Describe how the disk-diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method is used to determine antimicrobial
sensitivity.
28. Describe how sensitive, intermediate, & resistant zones of inhibition affect antibiotic
selection.
29. Discuss what an antibiogram is, how it is used, and why each institution produces one.
30. Describe how misuse of antibiotics leads to increased organism resistance.
Chapter 21
1. Recall four antibacterial substances produced by skin and their individual effects.
2. Recognize five antibacterial properties of mucous membranes.
3. Define the terms lesions & superantigen.
4. Differentiate between the following lesion types:
vesicle
papules
pustules
macules
bullae
4
exanthem
enanthem
5. Recall characteristics of S. epidermidis & S.aureus skin infections, including gram reaction,
coagulase test result, infection sites, & virulence factors, if given.
6. Recall four properties of a “superbug” infection.
7. Describe what is meant by a superantigen
8. Differentiate between the following staphylococcal skin infections:
folliculitis
furuncle
carbuncle
impetigo
cellulitis
9. Describe impetigo contagiosa.
10. Recall the stages of progression from a folliculitis to a carbuncle.
11. Describe staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), including toxins, symptoms, skin
pathology, source & types (bullous impetigo, newborn impetigo).
12. Recall how the infection source of newborn impetigo (pemphigus neonatorum) is revealed.
13. Describe staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS), including toxins, symptoms, skin
pathology, & source.
14. Define the term cytokine storm and explain its relationship to TSS.
15. Recall characteristics of S. pyogenes skin infections, including gram reaction, hemolytic
pattern, infection sites, produced toxins, & virulence factors.
16. Describe the following streptococcal skin infections:
streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
streptococcal impetigo
erysipelas
necrotizing fasciitis
17. Recall characteristics of P. aeruginosa skin infections, including gram reaction, oxidase test
result, sources, produced toxins, & soluble pigments.
18. Recall characteristics of skin infections caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium
leprae, & Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
19. Differentiate between comedonal acne, inflammatory acne, & nodular cystic acne based on
severity, pathology & treatment.
20. Recall the causative agent of human warts & three types of treatment.
21. Recall characteristics of viral skin infections including, causative agent, alternate names,
type of transmission, associated skin lesion, type of vaccine, & post-infection complication, if
given, for:
smallpox
chicken pox
shingles
herpes simplex
measles
rubella
fifth disease
roseola
22. Define the term “breakthrough varicella”.
23. Identify the causative agent and body locations for cold sores (fever blisters), herpes
gladiatorum, & herpetic whitlow.
24. Recall how HSV-1 & HSV-2 gain access to the brain to cause encephalitis.
5
25. Describe features of postherpetic neuralgia.
26. Describes features of congenital rubella syndrome.
27. Describe Koplik’s spots and recall its associate virus.
28. Describe features of cutaneous mycoses & identify three fungal genera causing most
dermatomycoses.
29. Associate a tinea infection with its corresponding body location (e.g., tinea corporis - body)
30. Describe features of subcutaneous mycoses.
31. Recall sporotrichosis eitiology & treatment.
32. Recall characteristics of candidiasis including, causative agent, affected tissues, &
treatment.
33. Define the term oral thrush & state its relationship to AIDS.
34. Recall characteristics of parasitic skin infections including, causative agent, affected tissues,
& treatment.
35. Associate body location with the three main species of human lice.
36. Define the terms conjunctivitis & keratitis.
37. Recall characteristics of conjunctivitis including, causative agent, alternate names, route of
transmission, associated eye lesion, for:
ophthalmia neonatorum
inclusion conjunctivitis
trachoma
38. Recall four types of keratitis and the causative agent of each one.
Sample Questions
4. What immunoglobulin (Ig) dimer is associated with mucous membranes, found in secretions,
and expresses a secretory component (hint: 13% of Ig)?
a. IgA*
b. IgD
6
c. IgE
d. IgM
7. An antibiotic that is only active against a select group of bacteria exhibits a(n):
a. selective toxicity
b. antibiosis
c. narrow spectrum *
d. empiric capability
8. Which of the following is an antibiotic that acts as a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor?
a. polymixin B
b. riphampin *
c. tetracycline
d. sulfonamides
10. Which of the following would indicate a fungal nail infection caused by a Trichophyton spp.?
a. tinea barbae
b. tinea unguium *
c. tinea capitis
d. tinea cruris