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Environmental Noise
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Environmental Standard
Environmental Noise
‘ambient noise’ A totally encompassing sound in a “LAmax’ Maximum A-weighted sound level for a given
given situation at a given time usually composed of time interval or event.
sounds from near and far.
‘level’ describes the magnitude of the sound in its
‘BAT’ Best available techniques. physical dimension, whether or not there are humans
there to hear it.
‘community noise’ noise emitted from all sources
except noise at the industrial workplace. ‘night’ refers to the time period between 23.00 and
07.00 hours.
‘construction noise’ refers to noise emitted from
building, demolition, refurbishment or directly ‘noise’ means vibration of a frequency within the
associated activities. range of 0-20,000 Hertz.
‘day’ refers to the time period between 07.00 and ‘noise sensitive façade’ The façade of any noise
19.00 hours. sensitive property that is normally occupied during
the relevant time period of “day”, “evening” or “night”
‘decibel’ Conventional Unit for measurement of and which includes a window and/or door to a
noise (dB). Decibels are measured on a logarithmic habitable room.
scale as a result decibel levels do not add and
subtract arithmetically. An increase or decrease of 3 ‘noise sensitive open space’ Any area of open
dB in the level of a steady noise is about the smallest land designated as public gardens or recreational
that is noticeable. It represents a doubling or halving space or within the boundary of a premises that is
of noise energy. An increase or decrease of 10 dB used for recreational or educational purposes,
represents a ten-fold change in noise energy, and is including residential garden space.
perceived as a doubling or halving of loudness.
‘noise sensitive property’ Any occupied premises
‘dose’ is the total (accumulated) exposure over a outside the noise emitting premises used as a
period of time. dwelling (including gardens), place of worship,
educational establishment, hospital or similar
‘evening’, refers to the time period between 19.00 institution, or any other property likely to be
and 23.00 hours. adversely affected by an increase in noise level. Due
consideration should be given to national parks,
‘environmental noise’ Outdoor sound created by areas of outstanding natural beauty or other outdoor
human activity. spaces where members of the public might
reasonably expect quiet enjoyment of the area.
‘exceptional circumstances’ refers either to natural
events and phenomena, or unique or unusual ‘noise emitting premises’ Premises from which the
operating conditions that make compliance noise is emitted.
impracticable.
‘operator’ Refers to any site or facility subject to
‘exposure’ sound levels which are transmitted to the environmental controls under the General
human ear. Environmental Regulations.
‘habitable room’ areas within a dwelling house ‘peak sound pressure’ Maximum absolute value of
where the majority of time is spent, such that they the frequency weighted instantaneous sound
are sensitive with respect to noise i.e. bedrooms, pressure that occurs during a specified time period.
living rooms and dining rooms.
‘PME’ refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and
‘impulse sound’ Single short burst or series of short Environment who are designated as the responsible
bursts of sound pressure. agency for the protection of the environment and the
development of environmental protection standards
‘industrial premises’ refers to any site or facility that in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
extracts, manufactures, stores or processes any
product or substance. “receiver height” Distance between the receiver
and the local ground level.
basis of collective knowledge about the effects of
“reference time interval (T)” The time interval to noise on human health and well-being. The limits
which the rating of the sound is referred. must also take full appreciation of relevant social and
economic factors, technological options, equity,
“residual noise” The ambient noise remaining at a enforceability and the cultural climate.
given position in a given situation when the specific
noise is absent.
4) Scope
“Competent Agency” is the appointed body that
will regulate and enforce these environmental
a) This standard relates to the following types of
standards.
environmental noise:
“Significant noise emitting premises” Premises
i) community noise;
from which the difference between the emitted noise
and the ambient noise level at that location is
ii) noise from industrial units in areas set
10dB(A) or more.
aside primarily for industrial facilities;
“source height” Distance between the source and
iii) noise from construction activities;
the local ground level.
iv) noise from vehicles (including motorised
“sound power” The sound energy radiated per unit
vessels and recreational craft); and
time by a sound source.
v) noise from equipment used outdoors.
“specific noise source” Refers to the noise
emitting party / structure that is under investigation.
b) The standard does not extend to noise from public
transportation, including highways, railways and noise
“specific noise level” The equivalent continuous A-
from commercial and private aircraft, including
weighted sound pressure level at the assessment
helicopters, both in flight and operating on the ground.
position produced by the specific noise source over a
given reference time interval.
5) Exemptions
2) Citation
a) Exemptions may apply in circumstances where the
enforcement of this standard is impractical and/or
a) This document may be cited as the General
inappropriate. Exemption in specified areas may be
Environmental Standard for Noise. This standard
made for, but not restricted to, the activities specified
revises the current General Standards for the
in table 1. The Competent Agency will determine
Environment (specifically document number 1409-
where these exemptions apply and which activities
01) issued by the Presidency of Meteorology and
beyond this list are included.
Environment (PME).
Table 1 – Exempt activities
3) Timescales for implementation
a) The effective date of this standard is 01/05/1433H Activity Exemption
corresponds to 24/03/2012G. applies
Call to prayer At all times
Military activities At all times
3) Purpose Airports, commercial At all times
and private aircraft,
a) The purpose of the General Environmental including helicopters,
Standard for Noise.is to provide a basis for statutory both in flight and
control to restrict and reduce the nuisance caused by operating on the
environmental noise. The framework does not ground
address the issue of occupational noise which falls Public railways and At all times
under the jurisdiction of National Health and Safety railroad freight
Law. terminals
Commercial port During
b) People may respond differently to the same level activity operational
of noise. However, above certain levels, noise can activities
adversely affect the lives of many people. It can lead Expressways At all times
to hearing loss and mental stress and irritation. It can
also interfere with daily activities such as studying,
watching television, talking on the telephone, resting b) With respect to events taking place at stadia (e.g.
and sleeping. sports) and festivals, the Competent Agency will take
account of the frequency of the events and how
c) Noise limits are set by the responsible and disturbing they will be. The enjoyment of the
competent authorities (in this case PME) on the particular participants will be balanced against the
nuisance caused to other people and, depending on 9) Appeals
local circumstance and public opinion, noise emission
levels may be set. These may include a limit on the a) A right of appeal exists for any organisation or
hours of use and the control of noise emissions individual who is required to take action as a
(including public address systems) during unsocial consequence of the implementation of the standard.
hours.
b) The right of appeal against conviction or sentence
is available through the appropriate judicial system as
6) Powers of Authority set out in the General Environmental Regulations.
a) This standard enables the issue of regulations and c) Appeals with respect to abatement notices must be
technical memoranda which are enforceable by the lodged with the Designated Agency for appeals as
Competent Agency who hold delegated authority specified in the General Environmental Regulations.
under the General Environmental Regulations. The
standard includes provision for the exemption of d) All appeals should be fully supported with a
certain nationalised or religious activities (see part III, documented case containing as a minimum, the
1.4). information required under the appeals process of
the General Environmental Regulations.
b) There may be some requirement at a future date to
adjust the standards included to recognise specific
local conditions and or improved understanding of the
effects of noise. 10) Periodic review
c) The Competent Agency or appointed individual for a) There may be some requirement at a future date to
the purpose of this noise standard may: adjust the standards included to recognise specific
local conditions and or improved understanding of the
i) Enter any premises for the purpose of effects of noise.
carrying out any investigation.
b) As a minimum, PME shall undertake a periodic
ii) carry out such inspections, measurements review of this standard every 5 years.
and tests on premises entered, articles or
records found on any such premises, and take
away such samples of ambient air or articles,
as may be considered appropriate for the Article II – General provisions
purpose of enabling such investigation; or
c) The measurement positions shall be chosen (and a) The following information should be recorded for
recorded on a map or suitable plan) bearing in mind audit and reporting purposes:
the following:
i) the date, time, address location of the
i) Measurements should be taken at a measurements and the operator
number of locations considered undertaking them;
representative of the areas under
consideration. Contours of equal noise
ii) the type of instrumentation including the ii) wind direction within an angle of 45º of the
serial numbers of all elements of the direction connecting the dominant sound
measurement system and the calibrator source and the centre of the specified
used, the measurement procedure and measurement area;
any calculation used;
iii) the wind direction is from the specific
iii) the settings of the sound level meter noise source towards the noise receiver;
including the dynamic range, slow or fast
response, etc; iv) there should be no strong temperature
inversions near to the ground; and
iv) a description of the measurement location
including details of the nature of the v) there should be no significant
ground between source and precipitation.
measurement position, i.e. acoustically
hard or soft ground, if appropriate, the b) Where measurement in such conditions is
nature and form of any barriers between unavoidable, details of the adverse conditions should
source and receiver, and the character of be recorded for information and additional
the ambient noise, including the measurements may need to be undertaken as
identification of any significant noise appropriate.
sources other than the specific noise
source under investigation; c) Where monitoring in difficult conditions is
unavoidable, the Competent Agency must consider
v) a description of the time aspect of the the impacts of these conditions upon the ability of the
measurements. i.e. the reference and operator to comply with this standard. ,Compliance
measurement time intervals, including does however remain at the discretion of the
details of sampling, if used; Competent Agency.
vi) measurement positions including d) For all measurements the microphone must be
microphone height above ground and fitted with a wind shield as recommended to be
distance from reflective surfaces if less appropriate by the manufacturer/supplier. Noise from
than 3.5 m; wind acting directly on the microphone or on nearby
structures or vegetation should not be permitted to
vii) where appropriate, a description of the interfere with the measurements.
sound propagation model used; and
b) Noise emitted from industrial premises is f) Further to the permitted noise limits specified within
considered excessive if the specific noise level at the Table 3 and in order to achieve a reasonable
nearest noise sensitive property or noise sensitive standard within habitable rooms at night, individual
open space, exceeds the maximum permissible noise noise events during the night-time period (measured
level for that time of day and the area in which the with the fast time-weighting) should not exceed 70dB
premises are situated. LAmax at the façade of the nearest noise sensitive
property.
c) Industrial premises are split into four categories
that must be determined by the operator but at the g) In situations where general environmental noise is
discretion of the Competent Agency: high (e.g. as a result of noise from extraneous
sources, such as occasional passing cars), and when
A1 – Retail refers to areas that are entirely dominated the noise being investigated is steady in nature, the
by retail, dining and recreational properties. specific noise may be assessed by measurement of
the LA90,T background noise. For the specific noise to
A2 – Warehousing refers to areas where units be suitable for assessment using the LA90,T, it must be
predominantly store products or goods for distribution a constant and steady noise with no variation over the
and there are no or very limited process activities. time period being assessed (i.e. day, evening or
night). In such a case the measured LA90,T specific
A3 – Light industrial refers to those areas which noise may be considered to be equivalent to the LAeq,T
may be mixed with or adjacent to residential and the assessment made on the basis that it is so.
properties where minor manufacturing processes take That a measured LA90,T has been used rather than a
place. measured LAeq,T must be noted in the measurement
and assessment records (Art. II, (5)).
A4 – Medium density industrial areas are those
when a range of manufacturing processes including h) Where the industrial noise operates continuously,
combustion take place on small to medium size sites such that it is not possible to measure the ambient
and there is an absence of residential properties. noise level in the absence of the source, ambient
noise measurements should be undertaken at a
A5 – High density industrial refers to designated representative location which is not influenced the
industrial cities and industrial complexes where large industrial noise source under consideration. In such
scale manufacturing, refining and petrochemical cases the reason for assuming that the location is
processes exist. Cement manufacture is specifically representative should be noted.
included.
i) For sensitive properties adjoining the premises at
d) Permitted noise limits are contained in Table 3. which the source is located (Art IV, (3)).
Table 4 General Construction maximum
Article VI – Noise from construction activities permissible facade noise limits
d) Where in the opinion of the Competent Agency, a ii) the necessity for the dispensation;
project is deemed to provide significant social benefit
and where the application of these construction noise iii) it’s timing and duration;
standards will cause excessive cost or disruption to
the realisation of that social benefit, the Competent iv) the methods to be employed for
Authority may issue a conditional exemption permit minimising noise during the period of the
which displays due consideration to these factors for dispensation; and
permanent or temporary construction activities.
v) the contact details for the occupiers
controller of the work (relevant at all
2) Permissible noise levels times for the periods during which the
work is to take place).
a) Receptors are classified as follows:
b) Where any of the specified information is missing
A = Quiet areas – These areas are designated quiet or inadequate, the Competent Agency may seek such
areas as they hold value in terms of them being further information as it may reasonably require to
places of worship, important tourist attractions, determine the application and will not be obliged to
recreational park land and those areas surrounding permit the dispensation by the date sought in the
hospitals, schools and noise sensitive natural application.
habitats.
c) In case of a breach of the noise limits in this
B = Sensitive – Areas designated in this category will standard arising from an unforeseen emergency that
typically be dominated by residential properties risked injury or physical damage to persons or plant,
(including hostels and hotels) and may range from the circumstances of the incident must be reported to
sparse population densities to suburban districts of the Competent Agency retrospectively. Such
cities. notification must be in writing and submitted to the
Competent Agency within 24 hours of the occurrence
C = Mixed – This designation applies to mixed areas, of the incident. The following details must be
often within cities where there is a mix of residential provided with the notification:
and commercial activities. This designation will also
apply to retail and financial districts. i) the emergency that resulted in a breach of
the noise limits;
D = Non-sensitive – The final classification of district
is a predominantly industrial area where there are few ii) the date, timing and duration of its
residential properties and commercial premises. This occurrence;
classification also applies to industrial cities and land
that is generally unpopulated. iii) the steps taken to prevent a recurrence;
and
iv) the contact details for the occupiers 3.5 tonnes, engine power
controller of the work. ≥320kW
b) This schedule applies to all vehicles with a date of Table 6 Maximum permissible noise levels for
manufacture on or after DD/MM/YY. motorcycles
c) The maximum permissible noise levels for Engine Cylinder Capacity (cc) Limit Value
motorcycles and vehicles are set out below in tables 5 dB(A)
and 6 respectively. These limits represent the 3
cc ≤ 80cm 75
maximum levels of noise that are acceptable from the 3 3
defined classification of motorcycles and vehicles. 80cm < cc ≤ 175cm 77
3
cc ≥ 175 cm 80
d) There are two assessment methods both of which
should be applied to each individual motorcycle or 3) General measurement provisions
vehicle: the moving noise level and the stationary
noise level. See methods in Schedules 4 and 5 a) Measurements shall be made on unloaded vehicles
respectively. in a sufficiently silent and open area (ambient noise
and wind noise at least 10 dB(A) below the noise
2) Maximum permissible levels being measured).
Article VIII – Noise from equipment used outdoors a) With the exception of vehicles intended to be used
on road, rail, air and waterways and equipment for
military purposes, all equipment for use in outdoor
1) General provisions public and private areas is subject to these
standards. The provisions are designed to protect
human health from the effects of over-exposure to
noise and apply to all such equipment first purchased d) The Competent Agency may exempt any
on or after 01.01.2008. equipment for use outdoors from the provisions of
this Standard or any part thereof if the Competent
b) The maximum permissible levels for noise from Agency considers that it would be in the public
specific types of equipment are set out in Table 7. interest to do so.
The equipment listed in Schedule 1, section b, is
subject to noise marking only. 2) Permissible limits
c) If in the opinion of the Competent Agency the a) The maximum allowable noise limits for specific
emission of noise from any equipment used outdoors equipment are set out in table 7.
conforms to standards as or more stringent than
those prescribed above, the equipment may be
deemed to conform to the standard.
Table 7 Permissible maximum sound power limits for equipment for use outdoors
Tower cranes 98 + lg P 95 + lg P
Pel≤2 97 + lg Pel 95 + lg Pel
Welding and power
2<Pel≤10 98 + lg Pel 96 + lg Pel
generators
Pel>10 97 + lg Pel 95 + lg Pel
Compressors P≤15 99 97
P>15 97 +2 lg P 95 +2 lg P
b) The following equipment must be marked to show the maximum noise level they will emit:
FACILITY DETAILS
A-1. FACILITY NAME AND SITE REFERENCE A-5 STAMP (OFFICE USE ONLY)
A-2 DATE SUBMITTED A-3 FACILITY TELEPHONE NUMBER A-4 FACILITY FAX
( ) - ( ) -
A-6 FACILITY ADDRESS LINE 1
MR. MS.
A-13 FACILITY CONTACT TELEPHONE NO. A-14 FACILITY CONTACT E-MAIL
( ) -
A-15 PLEASE PROVIDE THE NAME AND CONTACT DETAILS OF THE LEGAL PERSON(S) OR ENTITY THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION OF THE SITE.
A-17 GENERAL OPERATING ACTIVITIES [INCLUDING INDICATION OF SITE SIZE AND LAYOUT]
SECTION B: COMPLIANCE
B-2 FOR WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES YOUR FACILITY REQUIRE A PERMIT VARIATION FOR?
C-2 PROVIDE AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDING AIR QUALITY AND THE PRESENCE OF, AND THE SENSITIVITY OF THOSE
RECEPTORS
C-3 DESCRIBE AND PROVIDE DATA REGARDING THE FLOW RATE OF THE EMISSION, ITS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANY POLLUTI0N ABATEMENT
TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED
C-4 PROVIDE A DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT IMPACTS OF THE EMISSION(S) UPON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS IDENTIFIED IN C-2.
C-5 PAYING DUE REGARD TO C-2, 3 AND 4, DOCUMENT A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE AWARD OF A TEMPORARY PERMIT FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COMPETENT
AGENCY.
C-7 PROVIDE AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDING WATER QUALITY AND THE PRESENCE OF, AND THE SENSITIVITY OF THOSE
RECEPTORS
C-8 DESCRIBE AND PROVIDE DATA REGARDING THE FLOW RATE OF THE DISCHARGE, ITS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANY POLLUTI0N ABATEMENT
TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED
C-9 PROVIDE A DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT IMPACTS OF THE DISCHARGE(S) UPON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS IDENTIFIED IN C-7.
C-10 PAYING DUE REGARD TO C-7, 8 AND 9, DOCUMENT A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE AWARD OF A TEMPORARY PERMIT FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COMPETENT
AGENCY.
C-12 PROVIDE AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS INCLUDING THE PRESENCE OF, AND THE SENSITIVITY OF THOSE RECEPTORS
C-13 DESCRIBE AND PROVIDE DATA REGARDING MEASURED OR PREDICTED NOISE LEVELS AND ANY ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED
C-14 PROVIDE A DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT IMPACTS OF NOISE UPON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS IDENTIFIED IN C-12.
C-15 PAYING DUE REGARD TO C-12, 13 AND 14, DOCUMENT A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE AWARD OF A TEMPORARY PERMIT FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COMPETENT
AGENCY.
I CERTIFY UNDER PENALTY OF LAW THAT I UNDERSTAND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR OBTAINING A TEMPORARY PERMIT; THAT THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL ATTACHMENTS
WERE PREPARED UNDER MY DIRECTION OR SUPERVISION AND THAT TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, ALL INFORMATION INCLUDED IS TRUE, ACCURATE AND
COMPLETE.
C-18 SIGNATURE OF RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL OF COMPANY C-19 DATE
2. Brush cutter
A combustion-engine driven portable hand-held unit fitted with a rotating blade made of metal or plastic
intended to cut weeds, brush, small trees and similar vegetation. The cutting device operates in a plane
approximately parallel to the ground.
(ii) either one upper landing or a work area extending to the end of the guide (e.g. a roof), having a load-
carrying device:
designed for the transportation of goods only
designed that there is no need to step on it for loading or unloading purposes or for maintenance,
erection and dismantling
from which persons are prohibited at any time
guided
which is designed to travel at an angle of at least 30° to the vertical but may be used at any angle
sustained by steel wire rope and a positive drive system
controlled by constant pressure type controls
which does not benefit from the use of any counterweight
having a maximum rated load of 300 kg
having a maximum speed of 1m/s; and
where the guides require support from separate structures.
8. Compaction machine
A machine which compacts materials, e.g. rock fills, soil or asphalt surfacing, through a rolling, tamping or
vibrating action of the working tool. It may be self-propelled, towed, walk-behind or an attachment to a
carrying machine. Compaction machines are subdivided as follows:
rollers for ride-on operators: self-propelled compaction machines with one or more metallic cylindrical
bodies (drums) or rubber tyres; the operator’s station is an integral part of the machine
walk-behind rollers: self-propelled compaction machines with one or more metallic cylindrical bodies
(drums) or rubber tyres in which the operation facilities for travelling, steering, braking and vibrating are
disposed in such a way that the machines have to be operated by an attending operator or by remote
control
towed roller: compaction machines with one or more metallic cylindrical bodies (drums) or rubber tyres
which do not possess an independent drive system and where the operator’s station is to be found on
a tractor unit
vibratory plates and vibratory rammers: compactions machines with mainly flat base plates which are
made to vibrate. They are operated by an attending operator or as an attachment to a carrier machine
explosion rammers: compaction machines with mainly a flat pad as the compacting tool which is made
to move in a predominantly vertical direction by explosion pressure. The machine is operated by an
attending operator.
9. Compressor
Any machine for use with interchangeable equipment which compresses air, gases or vapours to a
pressure higher than the inlet pressure. A compressor comprises the bare compressor itself, the prime
mover and any component or device supplied, which is necessary for safe operation of the compressor.
16. Dozer
A self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine used to exert a push or pull force through mounted
equipment.
Drill rigs are stationary during drilling. They may move from one place of work to another, under their own
power. Self-propelled drill rigs include those mounted on lorries, wheeled chassis, tractors, crawlers, skid
bases (pulled by winch).
18. Dumper
A self-propelled machine wheeled or crawler machine having an open body, which either transports and
dumps or spreads material. Dumpers may be equipped with integral self-loading equipment.
21. Excavator-loader
A self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine having a main structural support designed to carry both a
front-mounted bucket loading mechanism and a rear-mounted backhoe. When used in the backhoe mode,
the machine normally digs below ground level with bucket motion towards the machine. The backhoe lifts,
swings and discharges material while the machine is stationary. When used in the loader mode, the
machine loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine, and lifts, transports and discharges
material.
23. Grader
A self-propelled wheeled machine having an adjustable blade, positioned between front and rear axles,
which cuts, moves and spreads material usually to grade requirements.
mobile high pressure water jet machines are mobile, readily transportable machines which are
designed to be used at various sites, and for this purpose are generally fitted with their own undergear
or are vehicle mounted.
All necessary supply lines are flexible and readily disconnectable
stationary high pressure water jet machines are designed to be used at one site for a length of time but
capable of being moved to another site with suitable equipment. Generally skid or frame-mounted with
supply line capable of being disconnected.
32. Lawnmower
A walk-behind or ride-on grass cutting machine or a machine with grass-cutting attachment(s) where the
cutting device operates in a plane approximately parallel to the ground and which uses the ground to
determine the height of cut by means of wheels, air cushion or skids, etc., and which utilises an engine or
an electric motor for a power source. The cutting devices are either
Also a walk-behind or ride-on grass cutting machine or a machine with grass-cutting attachment(s) where
the cutting device is rotating about a horizontal axis to provide a shearing action with a stationary cutter bar
or knife (cylinder mower).
35. Loader
A self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine having an integral front-mounted bucket-supporting structure
and linkage, which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine, and lifts, transports and
discharges material.
38. Motorhoe
A self-propelled machine designed to be pedestrian-controlled
with or without support wheel(s), in such a way that its working elements act as hoeing tools to
ensure propulsion (motor hoe), and
propelled by one or various wheel(s) directly actuated from the engine and equipped with hoeing
tools (motor hoe with drive wheel(s)).
39. Paver-finisher
A mobile road construction machine used for the purpose of applying layers of construction material, such
as bituminous mix, concrete and gravel on surfaces. Paver-finishers may be equipped with a high-
compaction screed.
piling rig consisting of carrier machine (crawler, wheel or rail mounted, floating leader attachment,
leader or guiding system)
accessories, e.g. pile caps, helmets, plates, followers, clamping devices, pile handling devices, pile
guides, acoustic shrouds and shock/vibration absorbing devices, power packs/generators and personal
lifting devices or platforms.
41. Pipelayer
A self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine specifically designed to handle and lay pipes and carry
pipeline equipment. The machine, the design of which is based on a tractor, has especially designed
components such as undercarriage, main frame, counterweight, boom and load-hoist mechanism, and
vertically pivoting side boom.
47. Scarifier
A walk-behind or ride-on powered machine which uses the ground to determine the depth of cut and which
is equipped with an assembly appropriate to slit or scratch the surface of the lawn in gardens, parks and
other similar areas.
48. Shredder/chipper
A powered machine designed for use in a stationary position having one or more cutting devices for the
purpose of reducing bulk organic materials to smaller pieces. Generally it consists of a feed intake opening
through which material (which may be held by an appliance or not) is inserted, a device which cuts up the
material by whatever method (cutting, chopping, crushing or other methods) and a discharge chute through
which the cut material is discharged. A collecting device may be attached.
51. Trencher
A self-propelled, ride-on or pedestrian-controlled, crawler or wheeled machine, having a front- or rear-
mounted excavator linkage and attachment, primarily designed to produce trenches in a continuous
operation, through a motion of the machine.