UNIVERSITY REPEATED QUESTIONS ( 2 MARKS & 16 MARKS)

PART A

1. What is Leveling of Aircraft?

The way in which aircraft may be checked on the ground for level flight as specified by the aircraft
manufacter. Theaircraft may be leveled by means of leveling lugs, spirit or bubble levels, or a plumb bob.
2. Mention the precaution observed During Levelling?
Jack aircraft at wing and nose jack point as described earlier. Attach plumb bob and string to eyebolt
at fuselage station. Position the plumb bob directly over the leveling plate on floor of aircraft. Level aircraft
laterally (left to right) by adjusting wing jacks until plumb bob tip is directly above the center line in the
leveling plate. Level the aircraft longitudinally (forward and aft) by adjusting the nose jack until plumb bob
tip is directly above (FS 259) line on the levelling.
3. Define towing of an Aircraft?
 On aircraft with a nose-wheel landing gear, a steering arm should be fitted to the nose wheel to guide the
aircraft Light aircraft can be moved and guided, by hand or by a tug.
 Aircraft may also be taxied about the flight line.
4. Define Jacking of an Aircraft?
Jacking of an aircraft is defined as the being raised or lowered for the purpose of Inspection and
Maintenance, the maintenance manual procedures require such practice for observing levelling instruments in
the aircraft. The aircraft to be jacked must be located in a level position, well protected from the wind. A
hangar should be used if possible. The manufacturer’s maintenance instructions for the aircraft being jacked
should be consulted for the location of the jacking points.
Jacking is done for raised to change a tire or to grease wheel bearings, a low single base jack is used.
Before the wheel is raised, the remaining wheels must be chocked fore and aft to prevent movement of the
aircraft. If the aircraft is equipped with a tail wheel, it must be locked.
5. Give the components of air-conditioning system.
An air conditioning system generally consists of five mechanical components:

 Compressor.
 Fan.
 Condenser Coil (Hot)
 Evaporator Coil (Cool)
 Chemical Refrigerant.
6. What do you mean by unsatisfactory turbine engine start?

1. Hot Starts.
A hot start occurs when the engine starts, but the exhaust gas temperature exceeds specified
limits. This is usually caused by an excessively rich fuel/air mixture entering the combustion
chamber. The fuel to the engine should be shut off immediately.
2. False or Hung Start.
False or hung starts occur when the engine starts normally but the rpm remains at some low
value rather than increasing to the normal starting rpm. This is often the result of insufficient power
to the starter, or the starter cutting off before the engine starts self-accelerating. In this case, the
engine should be shut down.
3. Engine Will Not Start.
The engine will not start within the prescribed time limit. It can be caused by lack of fuel to
the engine, insufficient or no electrical power, or malfunctions in the ignition system. If the engine
fails to start within the prescribed time, it should be shut down.
In all cases of unsatisfactory starts the fuel and ignition should be turned off. Continue
rotating the compressor for approximately 15 seconds to remove accumulated fuel from the engine.
If unable to motor (rotate) the engine, allow a 30 second fuel draining period before attempting
another start.
7. What is purging?
Purge Air" aircraft fuel tank rapid purging and venting system can be used to quickly drain residual fuel in
tanks, purge and ventilate the tanks, and provide technicians with a supply of breathable air. Available in 3
configurations: cart mounted for hangar use, fitted AKH container, or packaged in 3 flight boxes.
8. What are the precautions to be taken while handling compressed air?

The following “do’s and don’ts” apply when working with or around compressed gases:
 Inspect air hoses frequently for breaks and worn spots. Unsafe hoses should be replaced immediately.
 Keep all connections in a “no-leak condition.”
 Maintain in-line oilers, if installed, in operating condition.
 The system should have water sumps installed and should be drained at regular intervals.
 Air used for paint spraying should be filtered to remove oil and water.
 Never use compressed air to clean hands or clothing. Pressure can force debris into the flesh leading to
infection.
 Never spray compressed air in the area of other personnel.
 Air hoses should be straightened, coiled, and properly stored when not in use.

9. Define special inspection?

Special inspection procedures should be followed to determine if damage to the aircraft structure has
occurred. The procedures outlined on the following pages are general in nature and are intended to acquaint the
aviation mechanic with the areas which should be inspected.
 Hard or Overweight Landing Inspection
 Severe Turbulence Inspection/Over “G”
 Lightning Strike
 Fire Damage
 Flood Damage

10. What is the purpose of check list?

A checklist is a type of informational job aid used to reduce failure by compensating for potential limits
of human memory and attention. It helps to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task. A basic
example is the "to do list." A more advanced checklist would be a schedule, which lays out tasks to be done
according to time of day or other factors. A primary task in checklist is documentation of the task and auditing against
the documentation.

11. What are aircraft logs?

“Aircraft logs,” as used in this handbook, is an inclusive term which applies to the aircraft logbook and all
supplemental records concerned with the aircraft. They may come in a variety of formats.
Information gathered in this log is used to determine the aircraft condition, date of inspections, time on
airframe, engines and propellers

12. What are bulletins?

A brief report, especially an official statement on a matter of public interest issued for immediate pu
blication orbroadcast. The bulletins may include: (1) purpose for issuing the publication, (2) name of the applicable
airframe, engine, or component, (3) detailed instructions for service, adjustment, modification or inspection, and
source of parts, if required and (4) estimated number of man hours required accomplishing the job.
 13. Briefly describe airworthiness directive?
Airworthiness Directives, defines the authority and responsibility of the Administrator for requiring the
necessary corrective action. The Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are published to notify aircraft owners and other
interested persons of unsafe conditions and to prescribe the conditions under which the product may continue to be
operated.
A primary safety function of the FAA is to require correction of unsafe conditions found in an aircraft, aircraft
engine, propeller, or appliance when such conditions exist and are likely to exist or develop in other products of the
same design. The unsafe condition may exist because of a design defect, maintenance, or other causes.
Airworthiness Directives may be divided into two categories: (1) those of an emergency nature requiring
immediate compliance upon receipt and (2) those of a less urgent nature requiring compliance within a relatively
longer period of time. Also, ADs may be a onetime compliance item or a recurring item that requires future inspection
on an hourly basis (accrued flight time since last compliance) or a calendar time basis.
14. What are the advantages of swaging over splicing?
Swaging is a forging process in which the dimensions of an item are altered using dies into which the item is
forced. Swaging is usually a cold working process; however, it is sometimes done as a hot working process.
15. What is rigging of aircraft?
Aircraft rigging involves the adjustment and travel of movable flight controls which are attached to aircraft
major surfaces, such as wings and vertical and horizontal stabilizers. Ailerons are attached to the wings, elevators are
attached to the horizontal stabilizer, and the rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer. Rigging involves setting cable
tension, adjusting travel limits of flight controls, and setting travel stops.
In addition to the flight controls, rigging is also performed on various components to include engine controls,
flight deck controls, and retractable landing gear component parts. Rigging also includes the safe tying of the attaching
hardware using various types of cotter pins, locknuts, or safety wire.
Rigging is the alignment of aircraft parts or sections to obtain proper flight characteristics.