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(Also known as custody.) Plaintiff (or Petitioner) – The spouse who starts the contested divorce
proceeding by serving a summons and complaint for divorce on the other spouse. Defendant (or
Respondent) – The spouse who is served the summons and complaint for divorce by the other
spouse.
CIVIL LAW
disputes between individuals
action is taken by the aggrieved party
PLAINTIFF/PETITIONER/CLAIMANT
vs.
DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT
PETITIONERS – ako su zajedno podneli
Civil proceedings
 a claimant sues (brings an action against)
a defendant = a lawsuit
 judgement for the claimant (if the
proceedings are successful)
 remedy – damages, injunction, specific
performance …
 liable # not liable - defendant liable on the
BALANCE OF PROBABILITIES
CIVIL LAW
 to commit a civil wrong = počiniti
građanski prijestup
 a dispute = spor
 aggrieved party = injured party = oštećena
strana/stranka
 to sue; to take an action = to bring an
action against = tužiti, pokrenuti postupak,
dići tužbu
 claimant (plaintiff) = tužitelj, podnositelj
(odštetnog zahtjeva)
 defendant = tuženik, optuženik, branjenik
 Judgement = presuda, sudska odluka
 damages = odšteta
 injunction = sudski nalog
 specific performance = izvršenje ugovora
CRIMINAL LAW
wrongs committed against an individual but
regarded as harmful to society as a whole
action is taken against the wrong-doer in the
name of society
PROSECUTOR/DEFENDANT (accused)
Criminal proceedings
 a prosecutor prosecutes (brings a case
against) a defendant = criminal
prosecution
 a verdict – a decision of a jury
 conviction (if prosecution successful) a
formal declaration of jury’s verdict or
acquittal
 a sentence – the punishment given by a
judge based on the verdict
 defendant punished by a variety of
punishments (imprisonment, fine,
probation, community work etc.)
 guilty # not guilty - liable # not liable
 - BURDEN OF PROOF – defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt
CRIMINAL LAW
 to commit a criminal wrong (crime) =
počiniti kazneno djelo
 to charge with = optužiti, teretiti za
 to bring a case against = tužiti
 to prosecute (prosecutor, prosecution) =
krivično/kazneno goniti, tužiti u kaznenom
posupku (tužitelj, tužiteljstvo)
 defendant/accused = optuženik,
osumnjičenik, tuženik
 to punish – punishment = kazniti – kazna,
sankcija
 conviction (to convict) = osuđujuća
presuda, proglašavanje krivnje
 acquittal (to acquit) = oslobađajuća
presuda
 Iiable for = (pravno) odgovoran
 balance of probabilities = stupanj
vjerojatnosti
 a verdict = pravorijek (odluka) porote
 a sentence (to sentence to) = osuda,
kazna (koju izriče sudac na temelju odluke
porote)
 guilty / liable for = kriv, odgovoran
 imprisonment = zatvor, izdržavanje
zatvorske kazne
 burden of proof = teret dokazivanja
SENTENCE = the punishment given to a
person convicted of a crime, ordered by a
judge and based on a verdict.
JUDGMENT = the final decision by a court in a
lawsuit, criminal prosecution or appeal from a
lower court's decision.
CONVICTION = the result of a criminal trial in
which the defendant has been found guilty of a
crime.
LAWSUIT = a common term for a legal action
by one person or entity against another person
or entity, to be decided in a court of law.
bring, file, issue * against
* over a disputed estate

ACQUITTAL = a verdict (a judgment in a

criminal case) of not guilty.
VERDICT = the decision of a jury after a trial,
which must be accepted by the trial judge to be
final.
IMPRISONMENT = commitment to a prison
Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") refers
to any means of settling disputes outside of the
courtroom. ADR typically includes early neutral
evaluation, negotiation, conciliation, mediation,
and arbitration.

to defend a case/claim # to pursue a case =

osporiti tužbu/zahtjev, odgovoriti na tužbu
to issue a claim = podnijeti tužbeni zahtjev (u
građanskom postupku)
to admit a claim = prihvatiti zahtjev
dispute a claim = osporiti zahtjev
a claim form = formular tužbenog zahtjeva
a counter claim = protutužba
to appeal against = žaliti se
to allocate the case = dodijeliti slučaj
to redress a grievance = povoljno riješiti žalbu
parties to the dispute = stranke u sporu
a claim arises from = zahtjev/tužba proizlazi iz
to infringe rights = povrijediti/kršiti pravo
an appelate court = prizivni sud
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) =
alternativno rješavanje spora
order in default = naredba u slučaju ogluha
1 povoljno riješiti žalbu/tužbu
2 stranke u sporu
3 slučaj proizlazi iz
4 sudski poziv
5 iznos dosuđen stranci na prethodnom
suđenju koji je stranka dužna platiti
6 ispitivati / istraživati činjenice
7 dugovi
8 unakrsno ispitivanje svjedoka
9 relevantan svjedok
10 odmjeriti krivnju / odštetu
11 priznanje
12 žaliti se na odluku prizivnom sudu
1 to redress a grievance
2 parties TO the dispute
3 a case arises from
4 judgement summons
5 the amount judged by the court on a
previous occasion to be due
6 to probe for the facts
7 arrears
8 cross-questioning the witness
9 pertinent witness
10 to apportion blame / damages
11admission
12 to make an appeal against a decision to the
appeal court