Around the World in Eighty Days

Let ωs be the angular speed of the Earth’s diurnal rotation relative to

the Sun, and let ωf be Phileas Fogg’s average angular speed relative
to the Earth as he travels eastwards. By relative addition of speeds it
follows that,

ωs + ωf = ωa (1)

where ωa is Fogg’s apparent angular speed relative to the Sun. Since

period T = 2π/ω, then,

1/Ts + 1/Tf = 1/Ta (2)

and multiplying across by Tf we obtain,

Tf/Ts + 1 = Tf/Ta (3)

Tf is the time it takes for Fogg to undergo a complete circuit of the

world, while Ts is one actual day, and Ta is an apparent day from
Fogg’s perspective. Tf/Ts is therefore the actual number of days that
he experienced on his journey, while Tf/Ta is the apparent number of
days experienced, which we would expect to be more since he is
always heading towards Sun. Hence from equation (3), if the apparent
number of days is 80, the actual number of days would be only 79.
Jules Verne wrote the book in 1873. Although the International Date
Line wasn’t officially standardized around the 180 degrees longitude
line until 1884, the concept was still known and the error should have
been picked up in the newspapers by Fogg when he arrived in San
Francisco.
When Mexico was still Spanish prior to 1810, the date line was drawn
to the west of the Philippines due to regular trade between Manila and
Acapulco. This was changed in 1845 by cancelling Tuesday 31st
December 1844. The Philippines then went unto the same side of the
International Date Line as China.

(Frederick David Tombe, 2017)