Cell Structure and Function Questions: Honors

(answer on a separate sheet)

1. What is the role of the golgi? Packages proteins for transport.

2. What is the function of the nucleolus? Ribosome assembly.
3. What is the function of the mitochondria? Aerobic Respiration.
4. Why do plant cells have cell walls? To protect from turgor pressure and give the plant support.
5. Bacterial cells can not carry out aerobic respiration, why? They do not have mitochondria.
6. What is the role of the cytoskeleton? What is it made of? Supports the cell and aids in movement. Made of
microtubules and microfilaments – structural proteins.
7. Why are viruses considered to be non-living? Do not meet all of the characteristics of life. Cannot
reproduce alone, do not grow or develop, are not a cell, do not use energy.
8. List the parts of the cell theory. All cells come from other cells, cells are the basic unit of organization in
living things, all living things have one or more cells.
9. What were the contributions of Schwann, Schleiden, & Virchow?
Schwann – all animals are made of cells.
Schleiden – all plants are made of cells.
Virchow – cells come from other cells.
10. What were the contributions of Hooke?
Named cells, observed cork.
11. What is the function of the cell membrane? Control what enters and leaves the cell.
12. What are the parts of the cell membrane? Two layers of phospholipids and embedded proteins.
13. What is the function of the cytoplasm? Chemical reactions / cell metabolism.
14. What are the parts of the cytoplasm? Salt, water, organic molecules.
15. How are the RER and SER different? RER – has attached ribosomes, and only transports proteins. SER
does not have ribosomes attached and transports other materials.
16. What is the function of a ribosome? Building protein.
17. What is the structure of a ribosome? Made of many proteins.
18. What is the structure of the mitochondria? Two layers of membrane, inner membrane is folded into cristae,
has its own DNA and ribosomes.
19. What is the function of the cholorplast? Photosynthesis. Structure: Two layers of membrane, thylakoids,
own DNA and ribosomes.
20. Explain the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Notes 7
21. What is the name of the “package” produced by the golgi? Vesicle.
22. What is the function of the nucleus? Controls all cell activity, by controlling protein production.
23. How does the nucleus maintain control over the cell? By controlling protein production; this includes
enzymes which allow the nucleus to control the cell’s chemical reactions.
24. How are plant and animal cells different? Notes 7
25. What are the parts of a virus? Capsid and DNA/RNA
26. What is the Lytic Cycle? The process of a virus infecting a host cell, taking control of it’s DNA and causing
the host cell to reproduce the virus.
27. What is the cell wall made of? Cellulose, a carbohydrate.
28. Do you think a bacterial cell would have cytoplasm and ribosomes? Why? Yes, the cell membrane is
external. Also, cytoplasm and ribosomes are not made of membrane. ALL cell types have cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and a cell membrane.
29. What three organelles can be found in ANY cell?
Cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane.
30. We do not have an appropriate enzyme.