A9155 Wimax Tool

Planning a WiMAX Radio Network with
A9155
Tibor ASZTALOS
August, 2007
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####

Agenda
1. A9155 Radio Network Planning Tool – Generic Overview
2. Propagation Environment Modeling in A9155
3. A9155 Propagation Prediction Models
4. WiMAX Traffic Implementation Issues
5. WiMAX Interference Estimation Implementation Issues
6. How to setup generic RNP Parameters into A9155
7. WiMAX Predictions and Simulations
8. W3 Features Impact on the RNP Tool

A9155 Radio Planning Tool
Generic Overview

A9155 Radio Network Planning Tool
Generic Layers Implemented into a RNP Tool
Geo Data
Terrain (DEM), Clutter, Buildings, Vectors
Traffic Information
Traffic Model & Parameters, Traffic Maps and Dynamic Realizations
(Monte Carlo Simulations)
User Reference Plane Service Requirements

Service Model & Parameters (UGS, rtPS, ErtPS, nrtPS, BE)
Link Level Look-Up Tables

Terminal Performance Models

A9155 Radio Network Planning Tool
Generic Layers Implemented into a RNP Tool
Site Locations
Geographical Position (+ Antenna Pole Position, Azimuth and Tilt)
Propagation
Path-loss Models and Parameters
Base Station Parameter

Antenna Characteristics & Power budget
RRM Algorithms and Parameter Definition

Radio Admission Control & Scheduling, Power Control, Handover
and so on
5 | Presentation Title | Month 2006 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Propagation Environment Modeling in A9155
Geo Data and Building Database

Propagation Environment Modelling in A9155
Use the right environment data
Choose your appropriate / target scenario

1. SPM
DTM, clutter map
2. WinProp
Building DB

Import DEM in A9155

Import DEM in A9155
Stuttgart Topography
Database

Import Clutter in A9155

Import Clutter in A9155
Stuttgart Clutter
Database

Import Vectors in A9155
Stuttgart Water,
Railways,
Main Roads,
Highways
Vectors

Import Traffic Maps in A9155
Stuttgart Traffic
Map

Import Buildings in A9155
Stuttgart Buildings
Database

Building Database
Why do we need Building DB check/correction/simplification and pre-processing?
Buildings Database
Building database generation by global/local supplier Pre-processing is

or by self-creation with WALLMAN (VDA or MIF format) always required
Depending on the
propagation model
Database check & correction & simplification (WALLMAN) that is used the
pre-processing
format differs
Database pre-processing (dependent on calculation mode) (WALLMAN)
OCB format OIB format OIB format
COST 231 Empirical and real

3D Ray-Tracing
Walfish-Ikegami 2 x 2D Ray-Tracing
field strength
field strength field strength
prediction
prediction prediction

Building Database
Format error corrections

Uncorrected database Format error corrections
&
containing single OR &
Single buildings
buildings generated from Combination to
fulfilling distance criteria
raw data multi-buildings
(not optimal solution)

Building Database
Replacement of
Idealisation to a
multi-building by a Optimisation in regard
homogenous building
single building to number of walls
without courtyard
(if heights are similar)

Building Database
Nearly all wave propagation predictions require a few computations that:
are different for each database

are the same for all transmitters
Ex. Visibility relations between buildings never change!
To decrease computation time, WallMan performs such computation just

once for each database so that ProMan can use these computations for
the actual predictions later.

Building Database
WallMan Performance
Preprocessing Model Comparison

Preprocessing time
Diskspace Demand
150
Disk space demand 3D-IRT
100
[MB]
2x2D-H-IRT &
V-IRT
50 2x2D-H-IRT &
COST
0
Preprocessing model comparison
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
Size of preprocessing area [km²]
Preprocessing Time
9:36:00 3D-IRT
7:12:00
[h:m:s]
2x2D-H-IRT &
4:48:00
V-IRT
2:24:00 2x2D-H-IRT &
0:00:00 COST
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
Size of IRT-preprocessing area [km²]

WallMan Tool
Urban Database Pre-processing
File -> New Project
You need an .odb file that contain

the database to be preprocessed

WallMan Tool
Preprocessing ->
Edit Preprocessing Parameters

Compute Current Project

WallMan Tool
Main ->
Name of the Output File

Mode (propagation model)
Cost231 Walfisch-Ikegami
Intelligent Ray Tracing (IRT)
Dominant Path Model (UDP)

WallMan Tool
General ->
Generate Logfile during Preprocessing

WallMan Tool
Area ->
Area of Preprocessing
Total Database – the whole database is
preprocessed
User Defined Polygon – defined with a mouse
tool, only that part of database is considered
Grid of Prediction Points for all Modes
Total Database – define prediction height as Z-
coordinate above street level or terrain
Resolution of Grid

WallMan Tool
IRT ->
Subdivision of Walls
Defines the max size of tiles the walls are divided
into.
Subdivision of Wedges
Defines the max size of segments the wedges are
divided into
Selection of possible points of
interaction
Defines the maximum radius up to which the
visibility relations between elements are
considered

WallMan Tool
Topo ->
Consideration of Topography
To take into account (on Z-coord) the topo data
Heights of Buildings in DB
The way buildings heights are defined concerning
the terrain DB
Topo Database
Defines the path to topographical DB (*.tdi, *.tdb
format)

Propagation Environment Modelling in A9155 Tool
Building DB Formats in A9155

Importable Formats in A9155
File format Can contain Georeferenced
BIL DTM (16 bits), clutter heights (16 bits), clutter classes (8 bits), traffic (8 Yes via .hdr files
bits), image (1-24 bits), population (8-32 bits), Generic (8-32 bits)
TIFF DTM, clutter height and classes, traffic, Image, population, generic Yes via associated .tfw
files if they exist
PlaNET© DTM, clutter height and classes, traffic, Image, text and Yes via index files
vector data
BMP DTM, clutter height and classes, traffic, Image, population, generic Yes after manually
entering northwest and
southwest point
coordinates of the
image
DXF® Vector data, vector traffic, population, generic Yes
SHP Vector data, Vector traffic, population, generic Yes

MIF/MID Vector data, Vector traffic, population, generic, building Yes
data
IST DTM, clutter height and classes, traffic, Image, population, generic Yes via .hdr files
Erdas Imagine DTM, clutter height and classes, traffic, Image, population, generic Yes automatically
embedded in the data
file
How could one model a building for A9155 usage?
Steps to follow
1. Obtain an aerial building photo

2. Import it in MapInfo (recommended) or WallMan
3. Geo-racordation
4. Draw the building polygon and export it as a MIF format.
5. Import it in WallMan and insert the building height
6. Save it again as MIF (the MID file containing the heights will be
automatically created)
A Building Database with 200 buildings was created by a fresh user in about
7 days (4 hours a day) !
A9155 Propagation Prediction Models
General Setup and Calibration

Standard Propagation Model (SPM)
Select the
Standard
Propagation
Model from
Explorer Tab

Need for Clutter Loss Correction factors

Even with clutter heights, you still need to know the exact clutter structure of the
target area
Calibration of K4 & Clutter Losses recommended for each project

K1
K1 for
for ff >> 2GHz
2GHz == 27.8
27.8 (frequency
(frequency dependency)
dependency)
K2
K2 == 44.9
44.9 (distance
(distance dependency)
dependency)
K4
K4 == 0.2
0.2 -- the
the factor
factor with
with the
the highest
highest error
error correlation,
correlation, therefore
therefore must
must
be
be adjusted
adjusted
Other parameters
Pathloss vs Frequency
remain as standard
170
Clutter corrections
165 can be taken from
160 the project database
Pathloss in dB
155
150
COST231 Hata but it is
145 Modified COST231-
recommended to
140 Hata calibrate them for
135 each project!
130
125 A global mean
error of 2dB
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Frequency in MHz (prediction too

conservative)
remained

WinProp – Performance Measure
Accuracy
Full 3D
Ray Tracing
Empirical &
Real 2x2D
Ray Tracing
COST 231
Walfish-
Ikegami
Calculation Time

WinProp – Application Range
Micro cells
cell range typically a few hundreds of meters
antenna mounted below roof tops
Mini cells
cell range up to 2-3 kilometers
antenna mounted above medium roof top level;
surrounding buildings higher and lower
Macro cells (only Hybrid model)
cell range tens of kilometers
antenna mounted on top of buildings higher
than surrounding buildings and on masts
Pico cells (not licensed so far)
cell range mainly within buildings
antenna mounted mainly indoor

WinProp – ProMan Parameters in A9155
Output ->
Output File Name
Computed prediction results
Received power [dBm] (switched on by
default)
Delay spread (not available)
Channel Impulse Response (calculates CIR for
each receiver point with IRT model)
Propagation paths (save each ray paths from
Tx to each prediction point)(in a separate .str
file)

Check that you have a valid

WinProp license file
Apply setting of WinProp
propagation model as shown in the
screenshots
*.OIB file as preprocessed
building database output from
WallMan
Only Ray Tracing
Take care that BS and RX
height are related on DTM ground
level (set TX height)
*.ocb - format for Cost 231 model
*.oib – format for IRT model

Select Indoor Prediction Model (to

estimate outdoor-to- indoor coverage)
Select COST 231 prediction for all
pixels not predicted with ray-optical
models
Leave all other settings as they are
defined for default

to provide coverage prediction beyond

the area covered by the building database,
can be used SPM
SPM settings will be done at
„Parameters“ and „Clutter“ tabs with the
values recommended for the frequency in
use (3.5 GHz for instance)

A9155
A9155 preparation
preparation for
for
SPM
SPM calibration
calibration
SPM
SPM calibration
calibration using
using
A9155
A9155
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Antenna Data
Import of antenna file from

antenna DB
Copy and edit of existing

antenna
Creation of new antenna and

entering pattern
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Measurements Data Import
Import measurement tables:
Define coordinates
Assign columns to
corresponding data fields
Define receiver properties
(height, antenna gain, losses,
frequency)
Assign measurements to
transmitter
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Measurements Properties
Choose display type
Choose field
Define Range and symbol
Define scale
Choose point label
Choose tips text
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Display Options
Displays options
Field strength measured
Field strength predicted
Prediction error
Distance
Marker
Legend
Sites
Transmitter
Background
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – View CW Measurements
Transmitter Info
Measured and predicted field strength
Additional distance, prediction error
Synchronized with map by cursor
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Measurements Table
Right mouse at measurement – open or double click
Table is synchronized with map and chart view
Standard feature (copy / paste, fill, delete, sort..)
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Measurements Filter
Right mouse click on

measurement – properties -
parameter
Distance
Field Strength
Main Beam
Clutter type
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration – Point Analysis
Quick analysis of any point
Transmitter linked
Chart window with

Elevation profile
Reception Level of surrounding
station
Interference
Results
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration
Choose morpho for direct

calibration
classes aside the site
Streets in-between are
allowed
Define morpho for indirect
calibration
max 2 different morpho in-
between site and class
morpho not scattered
Find unforeseen effects in field
strength prediction
A9155 RNP Tool Preparation for Calibration
Select Obstacles in the

propagation path
Identify additional propagation

errors made by different models
Diffraction model
effective antenna height
LOS / NLOS decision
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration
 K1 + K 2 log(d ) + K 3 log(Heff ) + K 4 × Diffraction + 

PR = PTX −  
 K 5 log(d ) × log(H eff ) + K 6 (H meff ) + K clutter f (clutter ) + K hill ,los


with :
PR received power (dBm)

PTx transmitted power (EIRP) (dBm)
K1 constant offset (dB)
K2 multiplying factor for log(d)
d distance between the receiver and the transmitter (m)
K3 multiplying factor for log(Heff)
Heff effective height of the transmitter antenna (m)
K4 multiplying factor for diffraction calculation. K4 has to be a positive number
Diffraction losses due to diffraction over an obstructed path (dB)
K5 multiplying factor for log(Heff)log(d)
K6 multiplying factor for Hmeff
Hmeff mobile antenna height (m)
Kclutter multiplying factor for f(clutter)
f(clutter) average of weighted losses due to clutter
K(hill,los) corrective factor for hilly regions (=0 in case of NLOS)
Visibility and Distance
Effective Antenna Height
Diffraction
Clutter correction factors

Morpho averaging
Clearance
Several data sets
Mainly clutter classes are subject of calibration

Needs to be adapted to the specific clutter
In hilly regions calibrate also K4
Adjust K1 if constant offset for all clutters
Exception
Clutter factors alone doesn’t provide satisfying result
Special propagation environment
Need field feedback for calibration dB
First class morpho (several steps)

Calibrate only morpho classes aside the transmitter location
Take all measurement related to the same morpho
Try to have different sites for each morpho
Minimize the error per selected morpho class
Second class morpho (several steps)
Add neighbor morpho class which are not located aside the transmitter
location
Accept maximal 2 different classes in the prediction path
Minimize the error for the selected morpho class
Final run over all measurements and fine tuning
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration – Statistic before calibration
First impression about the available data

Measurement properties
Predict using model to be calibrated (with defaults)
Compare Prediction with Measurement
Run statistic without filter
Number of points / clutter
Mean error / clutter
Standard deviation / clutter
Apply filter
Run statistic again
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration – Statistic results
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration – Start Calibration
Duplicate default SPM

Display statistics
Select files to be used
First run with measurements
dedicated to one clutter class
Set filter
Run statistics
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration – Correct Clutter Values
View statistic result

Take the clutter related mean error from the global statistic to
correct clutter factor
Positive error -> increase clutter factor
Negative error -> decrease clutter factor
Start with the clutter class providing the highest number of
measurement points available
Run statistic again
Several iteration until mean error below 0.2
Update the clutter value
Repeat this step for all clutter classes
Starts after correcting all clutter classes
Add measurement where the transmitter and the receiver points are
located in different clutter classes
Consider the influence of different classes along the propagation path
Choose all measurements and calibrate all classes in one step
Only some small corrections should be found
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration – Automatic Calibration Procedure
Right click on propagation model –

Automatic Calibration
Carried out on all points after filtering
All parameters can be included
Mathematical solution – Always compare result with

typical values
A9155 SPM Propagation Model Calibration - Troubleshooting
Calibration is a challenging task.
Desired results not obtained immediately because of errors in

measurement
wrong GPS positioning
incorrect network design data
Can be identified when comparing measurements and predictions

in the Measurement Window graphs.
Some dependencies and their usual origin are shown in the

following slides
General offset
Most probably wrong EIRP
Check
Transmit power
Antenna gain
Cable losses
Shift in time/distance
Transmitter coordinates are wrong
Offset in GPS coordinates due to wrong ellipsoid
Curves only partly synchronized

Varying LOS/NLOS conditions in urban areas due to shadowing
due to buildings
Wrong clutter class at parts of measurement points
If the problem is related to a certain clutter class only, the
wrong clutter correction factor is used
Predictions wrong on large distances from transmitter
Predictions are in topographical LOS conditions ok but in NLOS

they are not ok
Diffraction parameter K4 has to be changed.
No visible correlation
More than one error in the evaluation
Best method is to use the coupled cursor function
If no solution could be found, check the whole chain
Worst case – repeat the measurement
WiMAX Traffic Implementation Issues
Traffic Model and Capacity Estimation

A9155 Traffic Modelling
•• Mobility
Mobility
•• User
User Profile
Profile
Environments
Environments
•• Subscriber
Subscriber density
density
•• Clutter
Clutter weights
weights
•• Services
Services
User
User Profiles
Profiles •• Terminals
Terminals
•• Service
Service Usage
Usage
•• Equipment
Equipment
Terminals
Terminals
•• Gain
Gain
Mobility
Mobility Types
Types •• Speed
Speed
•• QoS
QoS
•• Type
Type (Data,
(Data, Voice)
Voice)
Services
Services
•• Priority
Priority
•• Body
Body loss
loss

You
You can
can define
define aa new
new Service
Service type:
type:
-- Data
Data ->
-> WiMAX
WiMAX Parameters
Parameters ->
-> Services
Services ->
-> New
New
Service Type (Data or Voice)

Service Priority
QoS class
Activity Factor (for voice services)
Highest bearer (Restriction on the best
bearer available at subscriber location)
Max Throughput Demand
Min Throughput Demand
Average Requested Throughput
Scaling Factor and Offset (for computing
application level throughput)
Body Loss – defined at the service level

You
You can
can define
define aa new
new Terminal
Terminal type:
type:
-- Data
Data ->
-> WiMAX
WiMAX Parameters
Parameters ->
-> Terminals
Terminals ->
-> New
New
Terminal name
Reception equipment
Antenna Type
Antenna Diversity Support (None, AAS,
MIMO – later)
Minimum and Maximum power (defines
the dynamic range)
Gain
Losses
Noise Figure

You
You can
can define
define aa new
new Mobility
Mobility type:
type:
-- Data
Data ->
-> WiMAX
WiMAX Parameters
Parameters ->
-> Mobility
Mobility ->
-> New
New
Name
Speed

You
You can
can define
define aa new
new User
User Profile
Profile type:
type:
-- Data
Data ->
-> WiMAX
WiMAX Parameters
Parameters ->
-> User
User Profiles
Profiles ->
-> New
New
Service
Terminal
Calls / hour
Duration (sec.)
UL / DL Volume
(Kbytes)

You
You can
can define
define aa new
new Environment
Environment type:
type:
-- Data
Data ->
-> WiMAX
WiMAX Parameters
Parameters ->
-> Environments
Environments ->
-> New
New
User type
Mobility type
Density (Subscribers/ km²)
Clutter weighting

Traffic Maps
Traffic raster maps based on environments
Dealing with subscribers
Each pixel of the map is assigned an environment class
Environment class A Environment class B

• User profile A1, mobility • User profile B1, mobility
type A1, density A1 type B1, density B1
• User profile A2, mobility • User profile B2, mobility
type A2, density A2 type B2, density B2
• ... • ...

Traffic Maps
Traffic vector maps based on user profiles
Dealing with subscribers
Each polygon or line contains a density of subscribers with given user profile and mobility
types
Polygon A Polygon B
• User profile A, mobility • User profile B, mobility
type A, density A type B, density B

Traffic Maps
Traffic maps per transmitter and per service
Dealing with network users
Live traffic spread over the service area of each transmitter
Service zone of Tx A Service zone of Tx B

For each defined packet For each defined packet
service => Throughputs service => Throughputs

Traffic Maps
Traffic density maps
Dealing with network users
Each pixel of the map is assigned a density of users
Density class A Density class B

• x users with the service S, • w users with the service S,
the mobility type M and the the mobility type M and the
terminal T terminal T
• y users with the service S’, • z users with the service S’,
the mobility type M’ and the the mobility type M’ and the
terminal T’ terminal T’
• ... • ...

Traffic Maps
Command "New" from the Traffic folder context menu

Polygon drawing
Each pixel must refer to an environment class
• 8-bits raster file import

– Supported formats : Bil,
Bil, Tif,
Tif, Bmp

Traffic Maps

Lines and polygons with traffic information (user profile + mobility + density)
• Vector file import

– Supported formats : Dxf,
Dxf, Mif/Mid,
Mif/Mid, Shp,
Shp, Agd

Traffic Maps
Option “By value”, selection of a user profile

and a mobility and specification of a density
Global information for all the polygons or
lines
Option “By field” and selection of the

suitable internal field for each data (user
profile, mobility, density)
Detailed information per polygon or line
Possible clutter weighting in order

to get an accurate user distribution

Traffic Maps
•Based on a best-
best-server coverage by transmitter
study (defined and calculated) to obtain cells
• Agd format file import
Enter throughputs per sector and

service defined

Traffic Maps
• In the document from scratch • 32-

32-bits raster file import
– Vector editor – Supported formats : Bil,
Bil, Tif,
Tif,
Bmp, Erdas Imagine

Traffic Maps
Proportion of mobility types

for the considered map
Proportion of terminals for
the considered map
Proportion of services for

the considered map

WiMAX Interference Estimation
Implementation Issues
WiMAX Interference Problem and A9155 Tool Limits

How to setup generic RNP Parameters in
A9155

How to setup generic RNP Parameters in A9155
Gains and losses
Pt[dBm] d[km] Pr[dBm]

TX Tx Amp. Rx Amp. RX
Sr [dBm]
Gt [dB] L [dB] Gr [dB]

Gta [dBi] Gra [dBi]
PPtt [dBm]:
[dBm]: Power
Power generated
generated by by transmitter
transmitter
G Planning
Gtt [dB]
[dB] :: Gain/Loss
Gain/Loss of transmitting line
of transmitting line (cable
(cable +
+ Tx
Tx amplifier)
amplifier) parameters
GGtata [dBi]:
[dBi]: Gain of transmitting antenna
Gain of transmitting antenna
LL [dB]:
[dB]: Loss
Loss of
of transmitting
transmitting medium
medium
G
Gra [dBi]: Gain of receiving antenna
ra [dBi]: Gain of receiving antenna
G
Grr [dB]
[dB] :: Gain/Loss
Gain/Loss of
of receiving
receiving line
line (cable
(cable +
+ Rx
Rx amplifier)
amplifier) Planning
PPrr [dBm]:
[dBm]: Power
Power received
received by
by receiver
receiver parameters
SSrr [dBm]:
[dBm]: Sensitivity
Sensitivity of
of receiver
receiver
P
Prr =
=PPtt +
+GGtt +
+GGta – L + G ra +
ta – L + Gra +G Grr
For
For correct
correct operation:
operation: P Prr ≥≥ SSrr

Antennas
Antennas are needed for signal prediction

File -> Import -> *.ant file
360° 120° 90° 60° 15

Omni BS Sector BS Sector BS Sector BS
Usage CPE antenna
antenna antenna antenna antenna
Frequency
3.4 – 3.6 3.4 – 3.6 3.4 – 3.6 3.3 – 3.8 3.4 – 3.7
range [GHz]
Gain [dBi] 10 14 14 17 18
Azimuth BW 360° 120° 90° 60° 15°
Elevation
< 8° 8° 10° 17°
BW
El. downtilt 0° 0° 0° 0° 0°
Polarization V/H V/H V/H V/H V/H

Front to
- 30 dB 25 dB 20
Back Ratio

WiMAX Template
Open WiMAX template

(16d or 16e)
Import topo / morpho
according to your
requirements

Generic Network Settings
Frequency Bands defines

Overall Frequency range
Channel width
Number of channels in one
band
Adjacent Channel
Suppression Factor (dB)
Sampling Factor
Duplexing Method


Quality Indicators defines

Name (BER, BLER, MOS,
FER, PER)
Type of service

WiMAX Radio Bearers defines

Name / Index
Modulation
Coding Rate
Spectral Efficiency

ONLY for 16d Template

WiMAX Equipment lists

All WiMAX Reception equipment
available in the network

The properties of each reception equipment may be accessed by double-clicking a

reception equipment from the list in this table
WiMAX Bearer Selection thresholds : giving the minimum required signal
quality for selecting a given bearer

The properties of each reception equipment may be accessed by double-clicking a

reception equipment from the list in this table
WiMAX Bearer Quality Graphs : giving the behaviour of different Quality
Indicators (QI) according to the signal quality and signal level for different
WiMAX radio bearers

Cells defines
Name
Transmitter
BSID
Power
Frequency Band
Channel Number
UL/DL Traffic Load (%)
WiMAX Equipment
Frame Configuration
Max Number of Users
UL Noise Rise (dB)
Segmentation Usage
Max Number of intra (inter)-technology neighbors
Active


Set up Transmitter parameters

Data -> right click Transmitters -> Properties ->
Station Template
Choose a template and go for Properties again

Sectors -> according to the environment e.g 3 for
dense urban
Hexagon Radius -> according to the environment
e.g 350m for dense urban
Antenna according to your sector setup -> e.g 65°
for 3 sectors
Propagation model according to the
recommendation made before

The
The Transmitter
Transmitter settings
settings can
can bebe made
made at
at
the
the Station
Station Template
Template level,
level, as
as well
well as
as at
at
each
each Transmitter
Transmitter level
level !!

WiMAX Predictions and Simulations
A9155 WiMAX Planning Capabilities

Common Predictions
Network-wide, pixel-related calculation

Considers active transmitters that match Filter Zone
(blue polygon)
May be calculated on Computation Zone (red polygon)
One colour per pixel
Exact value on pixel is lost after calculation is
finished.
Only colour is stored.
Reports relate to Focus Zone (green polygon)

Common Predictions
Independent of Traffic
Dependent of Traffic

Traffic Independent Predictions
Available for all technologies (GSM, UMTS, WiMAX)

Independent of traffic or carriers
Purely based on signal strength
Coverage By Signal Level (very important)

Coverage By Transmitter (important)
Overlapping (less important)

Traffic Independent Predictions – Coverage by Signal Level
Prediction for one carrier or for all carriers

User-defined minimum level
Reliability level
will subtract fade margin
50%: = 0 σ
84%: ≈ 1 σ
95%: ≈ 5/3 σ
Sigma (σ) is defined per clutter class
or as a default value for all clutter classes.

Traffic Independent Predictions – Coverage by Transmitter
Prediction for one carrier or for all carriers

User defined minimum level
Reliability level will subtract fade margin
Use "Best Server" option to achieve non-overlapping areas
Use zero margin to have exact strongest server area
Use positive margin to include overlap zones
Use negative margin to have only area of dominance

Traffic Dependent Predictions
Virtual User with given service, CPE,

etc. placed on each pixel
CPE tries to access the WiMAX network
Results on
Uplink
Downlink
Both (effective service area)

UL/DL C/(I+N) based Coverage Predictions

Coverage by C/I level
Interfered zones
UL/DL Best Bearer Coverage Prediction
Based on knowledge of received signal level or C/(I+N), and the WiMAX
radio bearer selection thresholds
UL/DL Peak Channel Throughput coverage predictions
Based on knowledge of received signal level or C/(I+N), the WiMAX radio
bearer selection thresholds and the corresponding spectral efficiency
graphs for different WiMAX bearers
UL/DL Effective Channel Throughput coverage predictions
bearer selection thresholds and the corresponding spectral efficiency
graphs for different WiMAX bearers
UL/DL Application Throughput coverage predictions
bearer selection thresholds, the corresponding spectral efficiency graphs
for different WiMAX bearers and the throughput scaling and offset options

New Conditions
for Traffic
Dependent
Predictions
Terminal Used
Mobility
Service used

Predictions based on an Interference (UL Noise Rise) and Traffic Load

(UL/DL Traffic Load) Situation (per Cell)
This situation can base on:
One WiMAX Simulation
The average of several WiMAX Simulations
User-defined Interference and Traffic Load Situation (Fixed Values)
If you go for Fixed Values, you don't need WiMAX

Simulations!

WiMAX Simulations
Network Snapshot used to determine the Interference Situation
Network
Design
Propagation
Prediction
Cell UL/DL
Map Data Traffic Load
WiMAX WiMAX
and UL
Simulations Predictions
Noise Rise
Traffic Values
Maps
Services &
Terminals

WiMAX Simulations
User Defined Values used to determine the Interference

Situation
Network
Design
Propagation
Prediction
Map Data Cell UL/DL Traffic
Load and UL WiMAX
Noise Rise Values Predictions
Services &
Terminals

WiMAX Simulations
Monte-Carlo Simulations
Spreading users according to traffic map and user profiles
Where are the users? What do they do?
Result: network status for this user distribution
What happens to the users?

WiMAX Simulations – Inputs and Outputs
Where is he? What does he do?
Environment User Profile
Clutter Map Services
Traffic Map Terminal

Simulated User
Mobility
AAS algorithm results Connection Status Cells
What happens to him?

WiMAX Simulations
Subscribers are distributed

over the planning area
Number and requested
service according to traffic
map
AAS algorithm applied
iteratively

WiMAX Simulations
First view on network behaviour - Cells
Site
Transmitter
Name
UL/DL Traffic Load
UL Noise Rise (dB)

WiMAX Simulations
First view on network behaviour - Mobiles

Subscriber Name, ID, Location (X, Y)
Subscriber Connection Status (Connected DL,
UL or DL+UL)
Clutter class
Subscriber User Profile, Mobility
Subscriber Antenna, Height, Azimuth, Tilt
Subscriber Output Power and Losses
Service, Terminal Used
Subscriber List
Current Serving Base Station (Reference Cell)
Signal Strength Received from Serving BS
C/(I+N) from Serving BS
Best Bearer according to C/(I+N)
Peak, Effective Channel and Application
Throughput according to C/(I+N) (DL/UL)

WiMAX Subscriber Database – Fixed Users Modelling and Simulation
Data -> Subscribers -> right-click on folder
This context menu will enable you to:

Import subscriber data as a new
subscriber list
Generate subscriber data based on traffic
maps
Activate / Deactivate the subscribers
Access common properties of the
subscribers, such as display.
Perform Automatic Server Allocation on
all subscriber lists
Relocate all the subscribers to other,
more suitable, locations . It will be
possible to filter the subscribers within
these subscriber lists using the generic
filters.

WiMAX Subscriber Database – Subscriber DB Creation
Subscriber Database can be:

- imported
- generated from traffic data
- manually created

WiMAX Subscriber Database – Calculated Values based on Subscriber DB
Subscriber ID DL/UL Received Power

X (coordinate) Azimuth
Y (coordinate) Tilt
H DL/UL Interference
User Profile DL/UL C/(I+N)
Service DL/UL Bearer
Terminal DL/UL BLER
Mobility DL/UL Peak RLC Channel Throughput
Transmission Status DL/UL Effective RLC Channel Throughput
Clutter Code DL/UL Application Level Channel Throughput
Subscriber List DL/UL Peak RLC User Throughput
Serving Base Station DL/UL Effective RLC User Throughput
Reference Cell DL/UL Application Level User Throughput
DL Total Path Loss

NLoS Predictions with SPM
Change Propagation Model in

Transmitter table to SPM_WiMAX
Lock previous studies
Import DTM
Delete Clutter class based on
buildings heights & import a
typical clutter map!!
Set Transmitter height higher than
the average clutter height (e.g.
25m)
Perform three new studies and
generate the same report
These
These predictions
predictions are
are
representative
representative for
for NLoS
NLoS
deployments.
deployments.

NLoS Predictions with WinProp
Change Propagation Model in

Transmitter table to WinProp and set
parameters as described
Lock previous studies
Perform three new studies and
generate the same report
Only DTM
Increase transmitter and RX height ->
buildings heights are no more
included in DTM!
Possible to make predictions for
different indoor floors (set RX
height)
This
This Prediction
Prediction generates
generates
exact
exact LoS
LoS and
and Nlos
Nlos plots
plots
based
based on
on aa building
building
database.
database.
Recommended
Recommended forfor street
street
level & indoor predictions
level & indoor predictions

Find Base Station Candidates for LoS using P2P Analysis Tool
BS should be mounted on high

buildings > 30m
Take Hexagon structure and
place BS automattically or do
it manually, but always use
the same station template!
Use features „Line of Sight
Area...“ and „Move to a
Higher Location...“ from the
context menu of sites
Make sure your BS is placed on
the top of a building - > P2P
analysis tool
Even automatic placing with
Hexagon tool requires that
check

Roof Top Problem
Differences between cellular networks and FWA networks

Subscriber stations are mainly located on roof top level
Statistics need to be performed for roof top level and not for continous
map
CPE at street level do not have signal Street level is faded – only roof top counts
-> spoiling of statistics

Roof Top Problem Solution
Statistics in A9155 are based mostly on clutter classes

Therefore we ‚abuse‘ them for filtering rooftops only
Import Building DB (mif file) as ‚New Type‘
click ‚Advanced‘ and choose 8-bit Classes
Import ‚Height‘ field
Right Click on ‚New Type‘ and save file as bil file with 5m
resolution
Import bil file as clutter classes

LoS Predictions using WLL
Set Transmitter propgation model to WLL_WiMAX_LoS

Set Prediction resolution to 1m: Right Click Predictions -> Properties
Sensitivities thresholds according to

modulation thresholds Min. Sensitivity of the CPE

LoS Predictions using WLL - Results
Check if the results are consistent

Coverage mainly on rooftops
Import Clutter map based on building DB
Define a focus zone
Generate Report
Right click Predictions -> Generate Report
Click on Format -> Display Columns
Check the following
– % focus zone
– % of code x
– Do not take code 255 since
this is street level
This
This Prediction
Prediction depicts
depicts
the
the minimum
minimum covered
covered
Areas!
Areas!
Mind
Mind that
that coverage
coverage
percentage
percentage isis percentage
percentage
of
of roof
roof top
top surface
surface –– not
not
of
of focus zone surface and
focus zone surface and
not
not of
of number
number of of roof
roof tops
tops

W3 Features Impact on A9155 RNP Tool
A9155 Roadmap and Future Evolutions

W3 Features Impact on A9155 RNP Tool
A9155 Roadmap
2006 2007 2008
J F MA M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O ND J FM A M J J A S
A9155 V6.4 A9155 V6.5 DR4 A9155 V6.6 DR4 (first

(BSS B9, UTRAN R4) (BSS B9, UTRAN R5) release for WiMAX W2 A9155 V6.6.1 MR
•HSDPA Simulations then for all (B10, W3 , UA5?)
•BSS B9 support •Dual band UMTS networks technologies)
•CDMA2000 •Inter-Carrier Neighbours •Automatic frequency
•HSDPA Predictions •UTRAN R5 support planning for WiMAX
•UMTS RX/TX •Urban Dominant Path Model •Support for TD-SCDMA •Automatic neighbour
Diversity •B9 MR4 support •HSUPA support planning for WiMAX
•Improved Statistics •WiMAX W1 (16d) •B10 support •Support for WiMAX
•EDGE Enhancements •Compressed Mode (UMTS) •WiMAX W2 (16e) OMC interface
•Improved coverage •New AFP module & RMS •Inter-carrier Dynamic •B10 MR1 Step2
probability feature Power Sharing support
•Improved •Hot spot areas •Modeling of Hybrid-ARQ •Twin TRX support
measurement •New study PN Offsets (CDMA) •HSDPA throughput per user•…
handling •Frequency Plan Audit improved prediction study
•… •Improved measurement •…
handling

www.alcatel-lucent.com

A9155 Wimax Tool

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Planning a WiMAX Radio Network with

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1. A9155 Radio Network Planning Tool – Generic Overview

2. Propagation Environment Modeling in A9155

3. A9155 Propagation Prediction Models

4. WiMAX Traffic Implementation Issues

5. WiMAX Interference Estimation Implementation Issues

6. How to setup generic RNP Parameters into A9155

7. WiMAX Predictions and Simulations

8. W3 Features Impact on the RNP Tool

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User Reference Plane Service Requirements

Link Level Look-Up Tables

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Base Station Parameter

RRM Algorithms and Parameter Definition

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Choose your appropriate / target scenario

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Building database generation by global/local supplier Pre-processing is

OCB format OIB format OIB format

COST 231 Empirical and real

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Format error corrections

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Nearly all wave propagation predictions require a few computations that:

are different for each database

To decrease computation time, WallMan performs such computation just

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Preprocessing Model Comparison

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File -> New Project

You need an .odb file that contain

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Edit Preprocessing Parameters

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Name of the Output File

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Generate Logfile during Preprocessing

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File format Can contain Georeferenced

SHP Vector data, Vector traffic, population, generic Yes

1. Obtain an aerial building photo

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Need for Clutter Loss Correction factors

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Frequency in MHz (prediction too

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