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17/05/2017

gangguang spektrum
AUTISM SPECTRUM autisme

DISORDER
Gia Kuek, SLT, SI-OT
IKATWI Workshop, 20-21 May 2017, Bali

Objectives for today

• To gain understanding of autism spectrum

disorder untuk mengetahui tentang\ mengenai
gangguang spektrum autisme

• To gain understanding of communication

and other features of autism spectrum
disorder untuk mengetahui tentang komunikasi dan fitur/faktor
ciri
lain dalam gangguang spektrum autisme

• To gain understanding of current research

on early detection of autism
untuk mengetahui tentang pengertian tentang penelitian terbaru
tentang deteksi dini autisme

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Autism spectrum disorder

• Disorder of communication rather than

language gangguan komunikasi bukan bahasa

– Impairments in gangguang pada

• social interaction interaksi sosial
• social communication
komunikasi sosial
• social imagination
imajinasi sosial

Current research and ASD

kasus yang banyak

• Co-occuring medical conditions: terjadi
kejang : antara
• Seizures: between 7%- 14% in children and 7-14% anak anak
between 20% to 35% in adults (Bauman, 2010) dan 20-35% orang
dewasa (bauman,
2010)
• Sleep disorders: most common, anything
between 40% to 80% in children (Bauman, 2010)gangguang tidur : paling
sering terjadi, semuanya
antara 40-80% pada anak
anak

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Current research and ASD

• Other features:

– perseveration (repetitive stereotypical

movements)

– somatosensory disturbance (frequently

engaging in movement or rocking)

Current research and ASD

• Other features

– mood disturbances, problems with

attention and safety (Pfeiffer, et al, 2011)

– sensory processing disorders (Pfeiffer, et al, 2011;

Little, et al, 2015; Watson, et al, 2011)

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Current research on
oral motor and ASD

• Oral motor

– Poor oral hygiene, prone to gingivitis

– Children with ASD present with typical
intraoral or perioral tissues

Current research on early

identification of children with autism

• Autism Observational Scale for Infants

– Bryson, Zwaigenbaum, McDermott, Rombough, & Brian (2008)

– Developed for early detection and

monitoring of early signs of autism for
high-risk infants

– 32 infants observed at 6, 12, 18 mos

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Current research on early

identification of children with autism

• Assessment of behaviours

– Visual tracking
• Shaking a rattle within infant’s vision

– Disengagement of attention
• Shaking another rattle, what does infant do?

Current research on early

identification of children with autism

– Orientation to name
• Calling child’s name from a distance

– Reciprocal social smiling

• Smiling when another person smiles

– Differential response to facial emotion

• Responding to changes in facial expression,
example: from a smile to a neutral or no facial
expression

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Current research on early

identification of children with autism

– Social anticipation
• Peek-a-boo

– Imitation
• Imitate funny faces or putting a ball in a box

Current research on early

identification of children with autism

• Results

– 6 mos: not reliable

– 12 mos: predictive of social-
communication problems at 24 mos
– 24 mos: more evident

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Aspects of normal development and

early development in autism

• Guidelines (attachment)

– Language and communication

– Social interaction
– Development of imagination

Dufan video
Baron video

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Group activity

• Discuss:

– Dufan communication behaviours

– Baron communication behaviours

Reflections

• The core features of ASD

– Problems with communication, interaction
and social imagination
• Other features
– Emotions, motivation and sensory features
need to be addressed
• Identification
– Observations of behaviours at 12+ months
more reliable

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