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Connect Nutchips to everything

Circuit Reference
digital inputs | analog input | outputs | motors | reset | oscillator | PC interface | power
supplies | remote control receivers

analog input
digital inputs outputs
(comparator)
relay, relay with LED,
pushbutton to GND photocell
power relay
pushbutton to +5V LED, LED clusters
buzzer 5V, high-power
alarm sensor da completare:
buzzer
magnetic switch termostato logic gates

limit switch misura di resistenza 7-segments display

encoder ritardo regolabile triacs (light effects)


a.c. inputs misura di tensioni stereo headphone
logic gates sensore di suono amplifiers
voltages from 12 to 24 Vcc sensore di campo RF low-voltage lamps
potentiometers, trimmers timer supplementare LED, bi-color
opto-coupled input convertitore tensione/tempo

motors oscillator PC interface


based on 3-pin ceramic 2-transistor interface
motors ON/OFF
resonator (recommended) (recommended)
motors based on 2-pin ceramic
MAX232 interface
forwards/stop/backwards resonator
stepper motors based on quartz crystal logic gates interface
quartz cristal oscillator suggested programming
half-bridge schematic block
modules connector
PC serial port cable

power supplies reset remote-control receivers


5V - 12V power supply lab- reset infrared receivers
power supply form surplus
R-C network based reset radio receivers
PCs
professional reset

Inputs
Folllowing circuits are suitable not only for programmable inputs IN1, IN2, IN3 e IN4,
but also for specialized inputs ST0, STOP and HOLD. When using IN4 remember to
leave the "Enable analog comparator" box blank.

Pushbutton (or switch) to GND

The simplest way to connect a switch or a pushbutton to


Nutchip inputs is across the input itself and GND. Nutchip
inputs have an high-value internal resistor keeping them
positive if not externally connected elsewere. Therefore, reding
the input when the button is released gives a logic 1. Pressing
the button connects it to GND, giving a logic 0 level.

Pushbutton (or switch) to +5V)

Is always possible to connect a pushbutton to positive rail,


although this requires an additional low-value resistor to
contrast the action of Nutchip's internal pull-up one. The 470-
ohm resistor R1 shown here, connected across the input and
GND, does exactly this pull-down job. Therefore the input is at
logic level zero as long a s SW1 is released. Pressing SW1
connects the input to the positive rail, overriding R1's effect,
bringing the input to logic 1.
Logic gates

All of Nutchip inputs can be


connected to TTL or CMOS
outputs - the latter only when
power supply voltage is the
same as Nutchips, 5V.
The example on the right
shows how to connect a logic
AND gate output to a Nutchip
input.

12 volt (24 volt) inputs

Should you need to connect Nutchip inputs to a DC


voltage higher than 5V, you must reduce it to safer
levels, for example using a couple of resistors as
shown here.

12V signals are often found in alarm systems, as the


voltage is required to power electronic sensors. A
signal voltage swing of 12V is also advantageous to
increase noise immunity: as signal voltage will by
reduced by about 2/3 by the resistor divider, the same
will happen to noise spikes captured by input wiring.
Such noise-rejection effect can be improved even
further connecting a 100nF capacitor in parallel to R2.

 When using this circuit for 24 volts input


increase R1 to 2200 ohm.

Opto-coupled inputs

When galavanic separation between


external circuitry and Nutchips circuit
is required, an optocoupler can be used
easily. Optocouplers are specialized
ICs were an LED faces a
phototransistor. Externa circuit clamps
to M1. When the external circuit is off,
or as long as the voltage across M1 is
less than 1 volt, the phototransistor is
not off and Nutchip input will read as
1.

Voltages around 5V will lit the LED,


bringing the phototransistor to
conduction. As the transistor is across
the input and GND, the Nutchip will
then read zero.

Potentiometer (1)

Use this circuit for:

 measuring a resistor
 implement a knob-control to set variable delays

Here is how it works:

 keep the output at logic level zero, long enough


to fully discharge capacitor C1. Usually this
requires at least twice the maximum time to be
set with potentiometer POT1.
 Set the output to one. Starting now, the input
reads zero until capacitor C1 charges to at least
2V.

Note: we recommend to add a 220 ohm resistor in


series with the output to protect the Nutchip in case the
potentiometer be set to zero-resistance.

Potentimeter (2)

This is an improved version with respect to


previous circuit, allowing a fast capacitor discharge
thanks to diode D1.

This addition allows to reduce the time when the


output is kept to zero in order to discharge the
capacitor; otherwise the circuit works in the same
way of the previous one.

Note: we recommend to add also a 220 ohm


resistor in series with the output to reduce peak
current.

Encoder
A mechanical
"quadrature" encoder is
equivalent to a couple of
switches. These parts
usually require just three
pins because of a
COMmon pin joining
two internal switches.

Using a multimeter,
discover which pin is in
common by turning the
knob while measuring
pin-to-pin resistance.

Some encoders have both


switches closed while
standing in rest position,
others either A or B,
lastly some others have
both switches closed.

Limit switch

Limit switches - aka "microswitches" - are just a special form


of switches, suitable for detectin the position of a lever, or any
other movable mechanical device. Connect microswitches to
Nutchip as if it were an ordinary pushbutton, according to
make-to-GND or make_to_5V models. If the wire length
connecting the switch to Nutchip is more than a couple of
meters, the make-to-12V connection offers greater noise
immunity (especially when adding the capacitor).

Magnet activated switch (to 5V)

Magnet activated switch, also named reed switches, are


often used for detecting door and windows opening in an
alarm system. Reed switches are small hermetic switches
whose contact opens or closes under the effect of a strong
magnet nearby. The most popular open the contact when
away from the magnet. As long as the magnet is in close
proximity (e.g. windows closed) the contact is closed,
therefore should a burglar cut alarm wires the alarm will
trigger as well.

Reed switches connections are the same as common


switches or pushbuttons. When connected across Nutchip
input and positive power supply, 5V, a pull-down resistor R1
(around 470 ohm, but any value from 100 ohm to 1000 ohm
will do) is necessary to contrast the internal pull-up action of
Nutchip's integrated resistors. As reed switches are often
placed remotely, a make-to-12V or alarm circuit could be a
better chioce. See also the alarm system design for practical
circuit example.

Magnet activated switch (to GND)

The simplest way to connect a reed (magnetic) switch or a


pushbutton to Nutchip inputs is across the input itself and
GND. Nutchip inputs have an high-value internal resistor
keeping them positive if not externally connected elsewere.
Therefore, reding the input when the button is released gives
a logic 1. Pressing the button connects it to GND, giving a
logic 0 level.

When using a reed in an alarm system, see also the following


circuit which improves rejection to noise captured by long
connection wires.

Alarm sensors

Alarm sensors
require (usually):

 12 Vdc
power
supply.
Power is
supplied
from the
base.
 A normally-
closed
switch, it
opens when
the sensor
detects an
alarm source
 (optionally)
an anti-
tamper
normally
closed
switch, it
opens when
the sensor
lid is
removed

This circuit requires a dual voltage power supply (12Vds for the sensor, 5Vds for the
Nutchip, negative rails in common).It requires just three wires to connect a sensor to the
central and to supply it 12V power; a possible fourth wire can be used for an additional
anti-tamper line. A generous capacitor and a zener diode protect the input from noise
spikes that, almost unavoidably, are captured by sensor cabling.

AC inputs (12, 24, 48Vac)

Sometimes
Nutchip is
requested
to detect
AC signals
coming
from
external
devices:

 to
det
ect
a
rin
gin
g
bel
l
(co
m
mo
n
rin
ger
s
are
of
the
12
or
24
Va
c
typ
es)
 to
con
nec
t to
an
exi
stin
g
con
trol
pan
el
in
an
ele
ctri
ic
ma
chi
ne
 to
det
ect
lim
it
swi
tch
es,
flo
ate
rs,
po
we
r
rel
ays
,
etc.

This circuit is suitable for detecting input waveforms from 12 to 48 volts, changing
resistor R1 value accordingly. It offers optical insulation for improved safety, and
rectifies the input signal in order to "clean" it from original AC waveform.

Outputs
Following mini-circuits appy to Nutchip's outputs: OUT1, OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4.
Typical output devices are LED, relays, buzzers - but also logic gates and 7-segment
displays. To connect lamps and motors we recommend to use a relay for the sake of
simplicity.
LED (1)

This is the preferred way to drive an LED froms logic


output. It is a old times inheritance, when logic gates were
capable to sink much more current when at logic level 0 -
compared to current sourced when at logic level 1.

With this connection the LED lits when the output is at


logic level zero (the LED current flows from +5V to
Nutchip pin, following the arrow symbolizing the LED).
When the output is set to logic level 1, the LED goes off
(and no current is required from output pin.

The 390 ohm R! resistor limits current through the system.


The suggested values limits the current around 10mA, as
suggested by most LED manufacturers.

LED (2)

Nowadays there are no more reasons to connect LEd across


outputs and the positive power. Most beginners prefer to
connect the LED as shown here, bacause in tihs case the LED
lits when the output is at logic level 1, and is off when the
output pin is at logic level 0. Always put the current limiting
resistor (R1, 390 ohm) in series with the LED, as excessive
current can damage both the LED and the Nutchip output
circuitry.

Dual-LEDs and bi-color LED

This schematic shows how to connect two LED to a


single pin, with an interesting alterante effect - when an
LED is on, the other is OFF and vice-versa. It is excellent
for driving dual-color displays - e.g. a green LED as DL1
and a red one as DL2, in order to build a light that
changes colour when the output flips.
Special LEDs encapsulating a common cathode+anode
pair are commercially aailable, and can be used with this
circuit in place of two separate LEDs.

When the output is high, LED DL2 is on and LED DL1 if


off.
When the output is low, LED DL1 is on and LED DL2 is
off.

Both resistor are 390 ohm. Overall current through the


output pin will always be around 10mA, not 20mA as it
could seem at a glance, because there is only one LED on
at any given time.

Note: an intriguing behaviour of this circuit is that if you


try building it, but omitting the connection to Nutchip's
output pin, you will see both LED on. Can you tell why?

LED clusters

In order to build light effects,


Christmas decorations, and
flashing words, it is sometimes
required to drive a large number
of LEDs together.

This circuit can drive up to 12


LEDs for each Nutchip output
(you can also use only 6 leds
omitting the rightmost parts). If a
LED-series needs less than 6
LEDs, increase the value of the
relevant series resistor (R2 or
R3) according to the following
table.

number of Series resistor


LEDs (ohm=
5 470
4 680
3 750
2 820
1 1000

Practically speaking, the current


across the series-conected LED
should be around 10 mA.

Relay
As typical Nutchip output devices,
relays are second only to LEDs.
Thanks to a relay, a Nutchip output
can drive lamps, motors, electric
valves, transformers, heaters, pumps
and many other devices.
Relays are manufactured in a variety
of coil voltages. As long as the coils
is a 5Vdc type, it can be powered by
the same power as the Nutchip,
whereas 9 or 12Vdc types require a
dual-voltage power supply. It is
usually not necessary to use a power
regulator IC to stabilize a 12V relay
power line, tough.

Relays are advantageous because the


load (connected to clamp M1) is
galvanically insulated from the
Nutchip circuit.

DANGER: when using a relay for


switching mains-powered loads, like
a desk lamp, great care is required to
ensure there are not unwanted
connection between the live mains-
powered parts (lamp, M1, relay
contacts) and the rest of the circuit.
Accidental contacts can kill you or
cause severe damages, fires, and fry
your PC. Do not try to connect
anything to the mains without your
teacher and an experienced
electrician assistance. Ask your
power company and electrician for
regulations that may apply in your
contry.

Relay + LED monitor


It is very handy to have an LED
which lits when a realy is on.
Resistor R2 varies from 390 ohm to
1000 ohm, according to coil voltage:

coil voltage R2
5V 390 ohm
9V 820 ohm
12V 1000 ohm

Power relay 220Vac

Small relays
used in
electronics
circuits are
not suitable
for driving
loads
requiring
more than a
few amps -
equivalent to
roughly
200W at
220Vac. To
drive heavier
load an
additional
power relay is
required. The
smaller relay
(RELAY1)
drives the
bigger one
(RELAY2),
which is a
special type
suitable for
heavy loads
(ask your
electrician).
The current
on RELAY1
contacts is
low - just
enough to
drive
RELAY2
coil), but
RELAY1
output
contacts must
be rated for at
least 250Vac,
because
RELAY2 coil
is mains-
operated.

DANGER:
great care is
required to
ensure there
are not
unwanted
connection
between the
live mains-
powered
parts.
Accidental
contacts can
kill you or
cause severe
damages,
fires, and fry
your PC. Do
not try to
connect
anything to
the mains
without your
teacher and
an
experienced
electrician
assistance.As
k your power
company and
electrician for
regulations
that may
apply in your
contry.
Buzzer (5 volt)

Any Nutchip output can drive a 5V buzzer, provided it is


of the "all electronic" kind. Avoid using electro-
mechanical types, ase they require far too much current
that a Nutchip output can source, and can generate voltage
spikes capable to damage the Nutchip output stages.

Tip: most 9V all-electronic buzzers work also at 5V,


although at a reduced sound intensity.

Buzzer (12 volt) small sirens

12V buzzers are quite common and are


also easily found as surplus parts.
Sometimes they are so loud that "mini-
siren" would be a more appropriate name.
This circuit is suitable for buzzers
requiring up to 100 mA. Should your siren
require more current, use a relay to drive
it.

Lamps - DC low voltage

DC lamps from 3 to 24Vdc can be driven with just


one darlington-type transistor. Don't be fooled by the
schematic, the symbol for a darlington is the same as
a transistor pair! The voltage required by the lamps
(+V) must be less than 40 volts, and the transistor
type is TIP122.

Tip: switching the output on/off creates the illusion of


modulating lamp luminosity

L amps 220V with optoTRIAC

Light effects take advantage from using TRIACs instead of relays. Relays are unsuitable
for continuous flashing operation, as their contacts are prone to wear out.
This schematic employs TRIACS, and a special optoTriac offers the insulation a
TRIAC alone can't offer. Without the optoTRIAC, Nutchip's power and signal line
would be connected to live mains! Caution is required as well when building this
circuit, as the parts contained in the rightmost box (marked with DANGER!) are all at
dangerourus (even lethal) live mains potentials.
The circuit works as follows: a Nutchip output drives optoTRIAC's internal LED. This
in turn makes optoTRIAC's internal TRIAC into conduction, driving as a consequence
the external power TRIAC which is connected through its gate (G) pin. The power triac
is in series with the lamp.
TRIACS require exclusively AC powered loads. You can use it at lower voltages than
mains 220V , e.g. 12 or 24Vac as used for small halogen bulbs. The circuit is NOT
suitable for inductive loads, as motors, transformers, neon lights, halogen lamp
transformers.

TRIACs rated for 600V / 5A are commonly found in electronics shops. These parts are
OK for flament lamps up to 200W at 220V. Heavier loads require more powerful
TRIACS and an accurately insulated heatsink, as the TRIAC case is connected to the
mains.

Motors, ON/OFF

A single darlington-type transistor is a


simple and efficient way to switch a
DC motor on/off according to Nutchip
output. A TIP122 type can drive
motors powered at up to 40 volts
requiring less than 600mA, without
heathsink.

The motor runs when the output is 1,


and stops when the output is 0.

Note: the schematic symbol for a


darlington transistor resembles a
transitor pair. This schematics actually
requires only one darlington transistor
(see components details)

Motors: sub-circuit to build H-bridges


This circuit is not designed to
be used alone. It is used as a
basis to build more complex
circuits described in the
following sections:

 DC motors with
electronic brake
 DC motors with
forward/reverse
control
 Stepper motors

These motor drives require


one or more copies of this
sub-circuit. Every sub-circuit
is controlled by a distinct
Nutchip output, and drives a
distinc motor's wire.
As two copies of this circuit
are required to build an H-
bridge driver, this circuits is
often referred to as half-H-
bridge.

DC motors, forwrd/stop/reverse control

To reverse the rotation direction two of the


above circuits are required, which build a
complete H-bridge. The motor is connected
to the two MOTOR outputs. Two Nutchip
outputs are required to drive the H-bridge
halves.

motor 1 motor 2 rotation


0 0 stop
0 1 forward
1 0 reverse
1 1 stop

Stepper motors
Stepper motors require 4 identical copies of the
half bridge circuit previously detailed. Each
circuit drives one of the 4 motor wires (steppers
have two coils internally). Therefore, all four
Nutchip outputs are required to drive steppers.
Here is the output sequence for stepping them:

motor1 motor 2 motor 3 motor 4


1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1

To reverse rotation, just use the same sequence


reversed, that is from last row to the first.

Logic gates

Nutchip outputs can drive directly TTL gates and 5V-


powered CMOS gates.

This example shows how to connect a Nutchip output to


one input of an AND logic gate. If the logic gate is on
an external board, the negative power pins (GND) must
be joined.

Stereo headphones

This circuit drives walkman-type


earphones/headphones from a Nutchip output.
Note how the outer ring on the jack is kept
disconnected. This arrangment makes phones
connected in series, giving the impression of a
sound centered between your ears! Nutchips can
produce a range of noises. Shorter delays
produce tones, truth table with slow delays make
clicks and cracks.

WARNING: depending on your earphones,


volume can be quite loud. Put the phones on only
after ascertaining the volume does not harm your
ears! Increase R1 value to reduce volume.

AAdudio amplifiers
Want a high-power buzzer? This circuit
turns your stereo in an mega-siren. It
connects to the AUX input, alternaely it
can be connected to TAPE, CD or
TUNER inputs. Use an RCA patch
cable (from HiFi shops) to connect the
female RCA circuit (CN1) to the
amplifier, and switch it in MONO mode
(you can also build a two identical
copies of the circuit for a stereo output).

WARNING: this circuit produces a


high-level output and very-low
frequency signals. Start keeping your
volume to a very low level, increase it
gradually. Excessive power when
reproduce high power signals and very-
low frequencies can damage your
speakers or harm your ears.

LED 7-segment display

A 7-segment display is made from 8 (!) LEDs. Each LED illuminates a


distinct segment on the actual digit. Segments are convetionally referred to
with a letters a,b,c,d,e,f,g, with the h referring to the decimal point. To
reduce pin count, either all of the LED cathodes or anodes are joined into a
single pin. This is what we mean when talking about "common cathode" and
"common anode" displays.

Display's segments can be illuminated exactly in the same way as plain


LEDs (that is, whit a digital output and a series resistor); however, the most
common practice is to use specilized display drivers IC like the CD4511, as
detailed in this project.

Analog input (comparator)


Input IN4 doubles as analog comparator. When used as comparator, the status of IN4 is
1 if the potential on IN4 is greater than the voltage applied to AREF.
To enable the analog comparator function, remeber to check the "Enable analog
conparator" box prior to Nutchip programming.

Photocell (LDR = light dependant resistor)


Conecting an LDR as shown in this
circuit, the value on IN4 is read as either 0
or 1 depending on the amount of light it
receives.
This circuit is fast, so if the light source
includes neon lights, video monitors and
similar sources producing intermittent
energy, a smoothing capacitor (about
100nF) can be added in parallel with the
LDR.

A trimmer/potentiometer sets the light


level at with the photocell triggers. Any
value from 1 kiloohm to 470kiloohm can
be used in place of the 100 kiloohm
shown here.

Oscillators
Nutchip's heartbeat is a 4MHz clock. Oscillator circuitry is included on-chip and
requires only an external crystal or ceramic resonator to generate the waveform.

Quartz crystal oscilator/2-pin ceramic resonator

Quartz cristals are connected in the same way as 2-pin


ceramic resonators. Quartz crystals offer best precision,
therefore are the best choice when building timers.
Two small capacitors C1 and C2 are required to start
oscillation and to keep the cristal on the right frequency.
If you omit one or both, you can get erratic and unstable
Nutchip behaviour.
Sometimes,older crystal perform better with 100pF
capacitors.
Quartz crystals require longer to get started (at power-
on), therefore when using a crystal ensure a proper reset
to the Nutchip, e.g. adding a specilized reset IC.

3-pin ceramic resonator (recommended)

3-pin, 4 MHz ceramic resonetors require no additinal parts to


get a stable 4MHz Nutchip clock.
The middle pin is the one to be connected to GND.

Cristal resonators typical precision is better than 1%. For short


periods (up to 50 hours) this frequency error is not significant.
But if you are going to make cyclic or very long-delay timers,
the error can accumulate and become visible. Just consider
how a clock accumulating a one-minute error every 100
minutes results in a three-days error over a year!

Crystal oscillator modules (XCO) /extern clock sources

If you have a 4MHz XCO, a small 4-pin self.oscillating module often sold on surplus
fairs, you can drive a Nutchip connecting XCO output to Nutchip XTAL1 pin. In this
case XTAL2 is not connected.

The same applies for an external 4MHz clock source.

PC interfaces
Nutchips talk with PCs through RX and TX pins. The protocol is standard serial, 9600
bps, N, 8, 1. You can program Nutchip prior to plugging into actual circuit board, or
(re)program them in-circuit: the latter case requires at least a programming connector
to be added to the board. As the prgramming circuit requires just 2 transistors, it could
be wise to incorporate it to most of your projects. For more details about PC interfaces
click here

Programming connector

If you decide not to include the programming interface


on-board, we suggest you to at least leave a
programming connector for the necessary signals. The
connector can host a PC interface in case you need to
reprogram or monitor the Nutchip. The female
connector must be suitable for fitting a male pin-strip
whith pins spaced 2.54 mm apart. A cheap conector
can be made from a 4+4 dual-in-line IC socket, cut in
two.

2-transistor interface
This is the simplest and
cheaper among the
programming interfaces.
It works with almost
every small-signal PNP
and NPN transistor pair.

Connector CN2 is a
2.54mm pin-strip
provided for plugging into
programming connector.

Tip: Should you include


the whole cuircuit to your
actual board, we suggest
you to add a 10 kilooohm
resistor across Q1 base
and GND, to keep in
stable should the PC be
disconnected.

more details

PC serial cable

It is a simple extension cord


which connects the interface
to the PC.

If you use exclusively the 2


transistor interface above, you
can adopt a simplifiede cable
connecting olny 3 wires: pin
2, pin 3, and pin 5.

Remote control receivers


After demodulation, the remote control signal enters Nutchip REMOTE pin. Always
remember to select the correct kind of remote control (RF or infrared, key codes
selection) before programming the Nutchip.

Infrared remote control receiver


This schematics refers to a TSOP1836 or TK1836
manufactured by Temic/Telefunken/Vishay. Other models
suitable to be used with Nutchips are the SFH5110
(Siemens, Sharp) and LT1059 (Liteon): please note these
models have a different pinout, please see the components
page for details.

Radio remote control receiver

There are many RF receivers


available, in our test we adopted a
pinout compatible with models
NB-CE, RX-4M50RR30SF, RX-
4M50SA60SF manufactured by
Aurel, and MIPOT 2-5000650
manufactured by MIPOT. not all
the modules have all of the pins:
e.g. pin 5 is present only on Aurel
modules, pin 12 only on Mipot's.
Take care to alingn precisely the
part while soldering it (some
modules first pin is actually pin
2...) and not to reverse them. The
ANTENNA pin is for connecting
an external aerial, if you can't
afford a commercial antenna a
short rigid wire about 18 cm long
will work OK.

Power supplies
Dual power supply:5V (stabilized)+ 12V (unregulated)

This power supply generates a 12V unregulated DC output in addition to a 5V regulated


source suitable for the logic chips (Nutchip). The 12V output is handy for powering
relays, for example.
If you are not going to take advantage from the 12V output then you can use any
transformer in the range from 7.5 to 14Vac in place of the 10V specified on the
schematic diagram. Integrated circuit U1 (power regulator) must be mounted on a
heatsink. Be careful when connecting the transformer, as it is connected to live mains -
with potentially dangerous (lethal) voltages. We suggest you to add a mains switch and
fuse to complete the circuit.

Surplus PC power supply

Used computer cases - power supplies included - are found for cheap in flea markets or
surplus stores. Most of the times the power supply is still working perfectly. It is a very
powerful power supply, capable to source tens of amperes, with multiple voltages
(usually +5V , 12V, -12V, -5V). Look for a model with embedded power switch.
Usually the cables follow this color coding: red = 5V, black=GND (common to all
voltages), yellow = 12V; but please check all voltage with a multimeter and verifiy
your findings against the label. Cables with the same color are usually in parallel.

Reset
Proper RESET is very important for Nutchips. RESET failure can stall the chip at
power-on, while spikes, brown-outs and other anomalies that can happen while the chip
is working can block the chip or erase its memory if the chip is not RESET
immediately.
Brown-out is a typical example: during brow-outs, the power voltage decreases under
minimum working levels - altough without reaching zero volts. During brown-outs the
RESET pin must always be at logic zero, to ensure the chip does not work out of its
specified range.

Lab reset

For lab experiments and non-critical designs (like a simple toy) that
should not be used for extended periods of time, the RESET pin
can be simply connected to +5V. You can also use a 100 kiloohm
resistor in order to take advantage from little parasitic capacitance
on the RESET pin.

RC Reset
A resistor and a capacitor make a simple and affordable RESET
circuit.

RCD Reset

This is an improved variant of the previous circuit. It


performs better in case of short power drops or
interruptions: in fact, the diode discharges the
capacitor very quickly hould the power drop. When
the power comes back, the diode does not conduct
and the resistor operates the power-on delay
allowing power to stabilize before firing the
Nutchip.

IC-Reset

Of course, the best reset is


achieved using a specialized
intgrated circuit. The MC34064
generates a low-level reset any
time it detects a voltage drop
below 4.5 V. This happens
whenever we power on or off
the circuit: with the MC34064,
we can be sure the RESET pin is
always kept low for the period
determined by resistor R! and
capacitor C1.

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