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• Distributed (renewable)
systems
– energy storage in the end-
use side (after conversion)
– storage of final energy
production load
1.5 1.5
Prod Prod
C=120 units
C=120 units Load Load
1 1 Stor
Stor
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-0.5 -0.5
-1 -1
-1.5 -1.5
2 2
Prod Prod
C=20 units C=20 units
1 Load 1 Load
Stor Stor
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
§ Pumped hydro
dominates,
>99% of all
storage capacity
• Supercapacitors: +
– No dieletric material but a double-layer (both plates
soaked in electrolyte with very thin insulator in +
between); very low d, large A
– Energy density 0.5-15 Wh/kg, power density up to 15
kWh/kgVery short term storage, high power
Source: wikipedia
PHYS-E0483_#7 Peter Lund
2016
Nanoporous supercapacitors