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NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA

PROSPECTUS 2015
CONTENTS

NOTIFICATION 2

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 3

TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 4

SUBJECTS OF STUDY 6

ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS 16

GENERAL INFORMATION 20

EXTENSION PROGRAMME 24

FESTIVALS 26

SANSKAR RANG TOLI 28

REPERTORY COMPANY 29

FACULTY 30

ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF 40

 NOTIFICATIONS
Notification by the Government of India
Ministry of Education and Culture, Recognizing
the Diploma
No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7
Government of India
Ministry of Education & Culture
(Department of Education)
New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
On the recommendation of the Board of Assessment of
Educational Qualifications, the Government of India
has decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi
after the three years course, for the purpose of
recruitment to superior posts and services, under the
Central Government where specialization in the field of
Dramatics is required.
Sd- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)
DIRECTOR (TECH.)
To
1. All the Ministries and Departments of Government of
India.
2. All State Governments and Union Territories
(Education Departments)
3. The Four Regional Offices of the Ministry of Education
and Culture.
4. All Directors of Technical Education.
5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare
copies).
6. Staff Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok
Nayak Bhawan, New Delhi.
7. All State Public Service Commissions.
8. Association of Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya
Marg, New Delhi.
9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry of Education), Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi.
10. All Boards of Apprenticeship Trainings.
TRUE COPY
2 3
Notification by Association of Indian Universities,
Recognizing the Diploma
SEAL
Telegrams: 'UNIBOARD'
ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002
NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395 19 October 1981
R.P. Monga
Section Officer
Dear Shri Karanth,
Please refer to my letter of even number dated 14th
May 1981.
The Equivalence Committee of this Association at its
meeting held on 12th October 1981, considered the
question of equivalence of the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi. I
am giving below the resolution adopted thereon.
“Resolved that those who have a B.A. degree and have
NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
obtained a Diploma in Dramatics from the National
School of Drama, New Delhi be considered as having The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world
obtained an M.A. degree and as such be eligible for and the only one of its kind in India. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit of the Sangeet
appointment as teachers in colleges and universities
and for purpose of registration to Ph.D.”
Natak Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an
autonomous organization under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, fully financed by
the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
Yours Sincerely
Sd/-
(R.P. Monga) The School offers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course of training in theatre and
the allied arts. Successful candidates are awarded a diploma in dramatic arts after
completion of the course. Training is based on a carefully-planned syllabus which covers every
Shri B.V. Karanth, aspect of theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As a part of the training, students
are required to produce plays that are then performed before a public audience.
Director, National School of Drama
Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwan Dass Road
The School has two performing wings: the Repertory Company, which was started in 1964,
New Delhi-110001 and the Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was founded in 1989. On
completion of the three-year diploma course, successful candidates may be considered for
enrolment into either of these two Companies, or they may work on a project or dissertation on
theatre for which fellowships of a year's duration are granted. The Extension Programme of the
School, under which workshops for adults and children are conducted in various parts of the
country, was launched in 1978.
 TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
The central aim of the course is to prepare students for the practice
of theatre. To this end, a variety of practical skills need to be
developed and a corpus of knowledge acquired. While all areas of
study are assessed separately and a high standard of work
demanded in each, the primary objective of the course is to develop
creativity and imaginative expression within the collective
framework of a group.
The National School of Drama offers a three-year,
full-time diploma course in the dramatic arts for
students intending to make theatre their profession.
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The FIRST year is divided into two semesters. The first semester
(July–December) is devoted to the basics of acting, design, direction
theatre history & aesthetics. In the second semester the same
subjects are studied in detail.
The SECOND Year the students choose their area of specialization.
This year is also broadly divided into two semesters: the third and
fourth. The third and fourth semesters cover Theatre History,
Literature & Aesthetics, Acting (specialization),
Direction(specialization) and Theatre Techniques and Design
(specialization).
The THIRD Year syllabus aims at giving students advanced training
in their area of specialization: Acting , Direction OR Theatre
Techniques and Design.
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DRAMATIC LITERATURE
MODERN INDIAN DRAMA
Development of modern Indian theatre from the mid-19th century with an emphasis on
the contemporary theatre scene
Regional language theatre: theory and practice

CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA

Classical Indian drama and aesthetics
History of Sanskrit drama
Detailed analysis of selected Sanskrit plays and their interpretation in terms of their WORLD DRAMA
dramatic structures as laid down in the Natyashastra, their performances and audiences in the The history and major play texts of
ancient period, and their significances in contemporary theatre world drama, with an emphasis on Asian,
European, American, African and Latin
American Dramatic Literature and
Performances

THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
Development of theatre in the East with
special emphasis on theatre forms in the
Natyashastra, and in Southeast Asia, China
and Japan

CULTURE STUDIES
A study of cultural expressions
incorporating visual art, film, media, music,
sound etc. from various theoretical positions

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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
ACTING THEATRE MUSIC
Enhancing the musical sensibility
of students through the knowledge of
various sounds and rhythmic patterns,
VOICE AND SPEECH
evolved from the texts of different play
How the voice works i.e. exercises to achieve a free settled
Inculcating a sense of stage
natural voice so that the voice is capable of variety of volumes, qualities
music in aesthetic terms and as a 'total
and pitches
theatre' concept based on theatre
Working with text and subtext and finding tonal qualities and specific uses
speech characterization
Knowledge of different styles of speech i.e. from Traditional,
ACTING & IMPROVISION
Classical to Modern Contemporary theatre.
Drawing out, moulding and
refining individual talent by shaping the
YOGA actors' bodies and voices, sharpening
Physical fitness, an increased degree of alertness, grace and their imagination and sensitivities, and
concentration, and maximum use of voice capabilities, achieved tapping their emotional resources
through the practice of asanas, kriyas and pranayam Enhancing environmental and
experiential awareness, and helping to
establish acting skills and techniques
MOVEMENT
Teaching and familiarizing
Modern movement trends: theory and practice students with the major codified theories
Learning the principals of Shilpashastra and Natyashastra and methods of acting
• Expression of human experience and activities through body
language such as gestures, postures and movements
• Abhinaya (stylized acting) through physiological observation
and expression of persons and objects

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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DIRECTION

The aim is to develop the knowledge of and consciousness about how

artistic practice and socio-political awareness are connected to each
other. The training underlines the theoretical, conceptual and structural
issues relating to the dynamics of performances. The course enables
students to apply their own analytical method of directing a
performances with social connect having a high professional standard.

Studies of spaces, site & architecture. Studies of

audience & spectatorship.
Studies of various aspects and approaches of
design, acting & play writing.
Understanding of Literature & Literary theories,
sound & music, visual art, cinema, media, Rasa-
bhava relationship etc.
Social-political and cultural understanding.

History of Direction
Principle of Direction
Textual analysis
Forms, styles & genres of plays
Streams of direction
Contribution of major directors, both in India and
abroad & their specialties
Different Processes of Directors
Relationship of director, actor, writer & designer
Methodology of evolving Theatre language

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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DESIGN & THEATER TECHNIQUE

The course aims at nurturing the audio visual imagination of the students to apply in
theatre and live events. The students are expected to achieve a high quality skill and
technique combined with creative ideas to contribute to contemporary theatre

History of Theatre Design

Basic principles of Theatre Design
Theatre Design theory.
Space, genre, style of Theatre Design
Study of Scenic Arts, theatre building, scenic construction, various forms & styles of
Theatre Design.
Theatre Design & Social connect.
Design for Art & other events
Understanding the basics of Direction. Acting. & Play writing.
Lighting, Sound, Costume, Set, Make-up, Multimedia.

SCENIC DESIGN
Concepts and philosophy behind design
Ideas and methods of stage designers.
Stage construction and stage techniques.
Basics of set-design and making models.

COSTUME DESIGN
History of costume design
Interpretation and styles of costume design THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
Evolution of theatre forms and stage designs in the West from the Greek to the Modern period.
Contemporary theatre architecture and stage design in the East, especially portable and fixed open-air
theatre and other architectural conventions suited to Indian conditions.

LIGHTING DESIGN
Philosophy & aesthetics of lighting design.
Objectives of lighting.
Lighting plan & equipment
Elementary study of electricity and handling of the Consoles

MAKE-UP
Different styles of make-up: theory and practice
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 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
PRODUCTION
Apart from regular classes, production is an
integrated part of the curriculum to teach the
following:
Techniques of moving from text to stage
Structure of plays, languages of performance
The art of direction, design and acting.
Understanding of sound, music and visual design
Selection and study of plays
Research and extensive field work is a necessary
part of production process.
Productions are done to the public from first year
onwards. They may include a Sanskrit/Greek text,
play based on a traditional/folk form, farce,
European Renaissance play, Indian and non-Indian
modern and contemporary texts. It is common to
students of all specializations
APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP
SESSIONS
Apart from the above courses, the School also
organizes appreciation courses and workshop
sessions on various aspects of Indian art and
culture
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Training in the School is based on a thorough,
The School's faculty and visiting teachers,
comprehensive and carefully-planned syllabus
comprising theatre practitioners from India and
that covers every aspect of theatre from theory to
abroad, design study modules and impart training to
practice, and the results of which are put to test
students each year. The training includes class room
before a wide audience. The syllabus takes into
lectures, a series of intensive workshops, as well as
account the methods of eminent theatre
appreciation courses in film and other arts.
personalities who have shaped contemporary
theatre in all its forms and expressions.
Since it is situated in the cultural hub of the capital of
India, students of the School also have the
It includes broad-based training in classical
opportunity to watch a variety of other plays being
Indian and Western dramatic traditions, Indian
performed, from both India and abroad. Delhi also
traditional and folk theatre, modern theatre
offers rich fare in the visual arts, music and dance,
trends in India and abroad, introduction of
which in turn serve to broaden the students'
theatre trends of the world, and specialized
perspective and awareness, and their approach to
training in Indian theatre traditions.
the understanding of theatre.
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 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS
APPLICATION PROCESS
In the year 2015, twenty-six students will be
selected for the three-year, full-time course in
Dramatic Arts. The candidates should apply in the
prescribed application form.
The process of admission is as follows:
The prospectus and application
form are available by post or on our website
www.nsd.gov.in.
Those who request the application
form and prospectus by post should send a
demand draft of Rs. 225/-, inclusive of Rs.
75/- for postage drawn in favour of The
Director, National School of Drama.
· Those who download the form from
our website should submit it along with a
demand draft of Rs. 150/- drawn in favour
of The Director, National School of Drama.
· The demand drafts should be
crossed 'Account Payee only'.
· Testimonials, copies of certificates
and four recent passport size-photographs,
non-returnable, should be attached to the
application.
Candidates may be required to
produce original
documents/certificates
at the time of the interview.
· Application forms dully filled
in & complete in all respects
must send to -
The Academic Section,
National School of Drama,
Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road,
New Delhi–110001.
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MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION
Graduation in any subject from a recognized
university.
Proficiency in the mother tongue and a working
knowledge of Hindi and English.
Active participation in at least six theatre
productions
or
in any other field related to theatre.
AGE
The course is open to all men and women between
the ages of twenty to thirty years.
The upper age limit may be relaxed by five years
for candidates belonging to the SC/ST categories.
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
The medium of instruction is Hindi and/or English,
depending on the subject. Plays, however, are
performed mostly in Hindi.
SELECTION PROCESS
The screening of applicants is carried out in two
stages. The preliminary screening comprises of an
audition or practical test, and is conducted in New
Delhi and four other centres, usually Kolkata,
Bengaluru, Mumbai and Guwahati.
Candidates recommended by the Preliminary
Selection Committee will go through a final round of
selection in New Delhi, which is in the form of a four
to five-day workshop. In this final selection
emphasis will be on the candidate's attitude
towards learning and participating in collective
creation. To make the selection process broad-
based, it is ensured that selected candidates
represent as many states and union territories as
possible.
Candidates called for the final round of selection
will be paid TA/DA from their hometown to the place
of interview in Delhi and back, by the shortest route,
nd
after they provide 2 class train/bus tickets,
receipts, etc. They will be given accommodation in
the School hostel.
RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO
SC/ST/OBC CATEGORIES
Out of twenty-six seats, five seats are reserved for
SC/ST, and five for OBC candidates, preferably
from families traditionally belonging to the
performing arts.
A D M I S S I O N F O R F O R E I G N N AT I O N A L
CANDIDATES
Foreign students may take admission in the
course. However, because of the limited number of
seats, it is not feasible to accommodate more than
one or two foreign students in each session. Such
students have to submit their applications through
the Indian Embassy/High Commission in their
countries, who will forward these to the Indian
Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), Delhi. The
School will then consider the applications
recommended by the ICCR.
RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR
RECRUITMENT TO SUPERIOR POSTS AND
SERVICES UNDER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
The Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the
School has been recognized by the Government of
India for the purpose of recruitment to superior
posts and services under the Central Government,
where specialization is required in the field of
Dramatics. The diploma is equal to a master's
degree in dramatics, and NSD graduates are
eligible for appointment as teachers in colleges
and universities as well as for registration in
research and doctoral programmes.
OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATES
Training at the National School of Drama is
rigorous and requires hard physical work to acquire
professionalism. Students are required to
maintain sound health and possess enough
stamina to participate in theatre practice. Selected
candidates are, therefore, required to submit a
medical certificate from a recognized medical
authority. Medical fitness is obligatory. The School
reserves the right to get any student checked by a
competent medical authority, in this regard, at any
given time. If found unfit it may not be possible for
the School, despite all sympathy, to allow the
student to continue his or her study in the School.
Selected candidates are not permitted to receive
any scholarship from any other source. They are
required to furnish an undertaking in the
prescribed form stating non-receipt of scholarship
from any other source.
Selected candidates are required to join the School
on the first day of the new session. The School does
not accept students who do not join from the very
beginning or who cannot continue for the full
period of three years. The new session usually
starts from mid July every year.
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 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS

SCHOLARSHIP
The School awards a scholarship of Rs.
6000 (Rupees six thousand only) per
month to selected candidates.
A student who is awarded such a
scholarship by the School will be required:

To execute a bond of Rs. 2,16,000 (Rupees

Two Lakh Sixteen Thousand Only) to the
effect that if he/she decides to discontinue
training before the end of three years, or is
made to discontinue on disciplinary INSURANCE
grounds, he/she will then return all the
Selected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance Policy and are
money paid to him/her before such
required to pay the premium amount, which may work out to be Rs. 150 to Rs.
discontinuance.
200 annually. The School does not take any other responsibility beyond this
insurance cover.

PASSPORT
FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS Selected candidates are advised to ready their passport well before admission to
Candidates selected for admission will have to pay all fees and the national school of drama, since they may have the opportunity to visit a
other dues, as listed below, before the opening day, failing which foreign country to participate in a festival/performance/seminar under the
they will not be admitted into the School. “Student Exchange Program” of the school.

Admission fee: Rs. 150 WORKING HOURS

Tuition fee: Rs. 150 per month Classes are normally held from 8 am to 6 pm, with tea and lunch breaks.
Rehearsals and other practical work continue in the evenings till such time as
Students' Union membership fee: Rs. 60 per year required, and also on holidays as the case may be.
Advance fee for make-up kit: Rs. 2000 (adjustable)
Caution money and library fee deposit: Rs. 9000
(refundable after final settlement of accounts) VACATIONS
Stationery fee: Rs. 1650
Each academic year is divided into two semesters, from mid July to mid
December, followed by the winter vacation from mid December to mid January;
HOSTEL, MESS & OTHER MISCELLANEOUS DUES and from mid January to mid May, followed by the summer vacation from mid
Hostel rent per seat: Rs. 200 per month May to mid July.
Electricity & water charges: Rs. 100 per month (adjustable as per These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the School in special
consumption) circumstances.
Medical charges: Rs. 100 per month
Mess charges (for lunch and dinner): Rs. 1350 per month (likely to
vary every month)
BOARD & LODGING
Students are advised to keep an additional provision of Rs.1000 at There are separate hostels for girls and boys. Accommodation provided to the
the time of joining, to cover any price rise/hike that may occur in the students may be on a room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory for all
above-mentioned items. students to join the hostel.
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 GENERAL INFORMATION
ATTENDANCE RULES
In order to be eligible for their examination, first-year students have to maintain a minimum of 90% BAN ON RAGGING
attendance in all classes (including morning classes), and at rehearsals and productions. Second and
third-year students will have to maintain a minimum attendance of 75% in classes for each group, i.e. “Anti-ragging movement should be initiated
Selected candidates and their parents shall give
acting, production, literature and stagecraft as a whole, and 90% attendance at morning classes and
an undertaking in the prescribed form vouching by the institutions right from the time of
rehearsals. advertisement for admissions. The
for the good conduct of the student. Violation of
In addition to attendance, punctuality is required for all classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late the undertaking would result in appropriate prospectus, the form for admission and/or
attendance for three days or absence from three classes will be treated as equivalent to one full day's action including suspension/expulsion. This any other literature issued to aspirants for
absence. undertaking is required to be given as per the admission must clearly mention that
The above requirement of minimum attendance may, however, be relaxed in exceptional cases at the order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court dated
ragging is banned in the institution and any
discretion of the Director and the Faculty. 04.05.2001 in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the
relevant portion of which is quoted below: one indulging in ragging is likely to be
The attendance of students at the above percentages will be calculated on a semester basis, and any punished appropriately which punishment
student failing to fulfill the required level of attendance will not be allowed to appear in the semester may include expulsion from the institution,
examinations. Such students will then forfeit the right to continue their studies in the School.
suspension from the institution or classes
No medical leave for a period exceeding three days will be granted without an authorized medical for a limited period or fine with a public
certificate from the School's doctor.
apology. The punishment may also take the
shape of: (i) withholding scholarships or
other benefits (ii) debarring from
representation in events (iii) withholding
results (iv) suspension or expulsion from
hostel or mess and the like. If there be any
OTHER RULES legislation governing ragging or any
Students are not allowed to enter into any arrangement for training provisions in the Statute/Ordinances they
outside the School. should be brought to the notice of the
Students are not allowed to seek or accept any engagement to appear students/parents seeking admissions.
in public, neither on the amateur or professional stage, nor in radio, television
or films. They may not seek or accept any employment during their term of
study. The application form for
Students must conduct themselves properly in accordance with the admission/enrollment shall have a printed
rules that govern manners and appearance. Any student found guilty of undertaking to be filled up and signed by the
unbecoming conduct may be suspended or expelled from the School. candidate to the effect that he/she is aware
Consuming alcohol in the School premises is strictly prohibited. of the institution's approach towards
Students are not allowed to invite visitors or friends to classes, lectures
ragging and the punishments to which he or
or rehearsals, except with prior permission from the Director. she shall be liable if found guilty of ragging.
A similar undertaking shall be obtained
It is obligatory for the students to enact any role that they are handed.
They must participate in rehearsals and perform the role in the manner from the parent/guardian of the applicant.
required by the teachers or the director of the play.
Students must acquire all books, material or equipment as directed. Such of the institutions as are introducing
Such material is available in the School stores and its cost is deducted from
the students' scholarship. such a system for the first time shall ensure
undertakings being obtained from the
Students have to abide by the hostel, mess and library rules.
students and their parents/guardians
Students violating rules are liable to severe disciplinary action. already studying in the institutions before
the commencement of the next educational
year/session.”
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 GENERAL INFORMATION
STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT
The School will supply students, free of charge, a mount board,
drawing paper and wood for classroom purposes only. Any other
material will have to be purchased by the students. Each student
will be allotted a locker for his/her material and personal
belongings.
On admission students will have to buy the required notebooks and
make-up kit, the total cost of which is Rs. 3000 approximately.
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ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTION
Students will be evaluated during and at the end of each semester. In this evaluation,
their regular work, projects and participation in productions will be considered along
with assessment of their performance during the semester and in the end-semester
examination. All evaluations will be taken into account from one semester to the next,
and so on for the final award of the diploma. The marks obtained by students at the end
of each year will be calculated by adding 50% of the average of total marks obtained by
them in theory and practical subjects in monthly or periodic tests, to 50% of the total
marks obtained by them in the end-semester examination. This will continue every
year. An average of the marks will be calculated for the third and final year, to qualify for
the diploma.All assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the marking system
on the mark sheet (100 marks for each subject).
Students will be promoted to the nest year at the end of the second and fourth
semesters, that is, at the end of the first and second years. Passing marks will accrue
at the end of the sixth semester in the third year. The final results will carry the
candidate's Cumulative Marking Point Average (aggregate marks).
In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in individual subjects and 50% in the aggregate. If a
student fails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will be allowed to appear for the supplementary
examination, provided the work in those subjects is not of a collective nature and that he/she has acquired a
minimum of 50% marks in the aggregate. Therefore, if the student fails in participating in a production or any
other subject requiring collective work, or if the student has got less than 50% marks in the aggregate, the
student will not be entitled to appear for the supplementary examination. In such a case, the concerned
student will have to leave the School.
The supplementary examination will be held soon after the student fails in that subject. If such an
examination is held in the first, third and fifth semesters, then the marks obtained in the supplementary
examination will be carried over to the year-end examination for calculating the total marks.
The Academic Council of the School is the competent authority to change rules as and when deemed fit, after
reviewing the system and stating reasons for change. Any decision(s) made by the Council will have to be
abided by the students.
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 EXTENSION PROGRAMME
EXTENSION PROGRAMME
The National School of Drama provides a three-year course of integrated
training, leading to a post-graduate Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training
involves intensive grounding and personal attention to each student, the
annual intake is restricted to twenty-six students only. This means that a vast
majority of theatre workers who are keen on learning the dramatic arts are
deprived of the training provided by the School. In order to reach out to these
workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978 the School started a
scheme of short-term teaching and training to be imparted in the local
languages. Over the last 30 years and more, the School has conducted such
training workshops in almost all the regions of the country. In addition, it has
also organized and conducted a large number of intensive production-
oriented and subject-oriented workshops. To further strengthen the Extension
Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource Centres in four to six
zones of the country. The first of these centres was set up in Bengaluru in
1994. It covers the South Indian states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu and Kerala, as well as and Puducherry. In 2011, the School has set up
Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim and in 2012, TIE Wing,
Tripura.
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SIKKIM THEATRE TRAINING CENTRE
Extending its training programmes to the North-Eastern parts of the country, the
National School of Drama has established Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at
Gangtok, Sikkim in 2011. It offers one year residential certificate course in
dramatic arts. The entire course is devoted to train participants in acting as well as
in technical aspects focusing on their own culture. The students also prepare a
production every year as part of their curriculum. Apart from imparting the
extensive training, the centre also conducts theatre workshops in and around
Sikkim. In 2012, Sikkim Theatre Training Centre Repertory Company was
established to engage the students trained in the centre
T.I.E. WING, TRIPURA
In 2012, the School established National School of Drama (TIE Wing), Tripura at
Agartala in collaboration with Dept. of Information & Cultural Affairs and Higher
Education, Govt. of Tripura. The wing offers one year residential certificate course in
Theatre-in-Education and draws students from Tripura and the rest of India. The course
aims at preparing theatre teachers for schools and other TIE activities.
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 FESTIVALS
BAL SANGAM
Every alternate year the TIE Company organizes a national festival, Bal
BHARAT RANG MAHOTSAV
Sangam, which is essentially a cultural mela with an educative
objective. The Festival is an ensemble of various performing
Bharat Rang Mahotsav was established a decade ago by the National School of Drama
traditional art forms that are presented by children belonging to
to stimulate the growth and development of theatre across the country. Originally a
traditional performing families, guru-paramparas and institutions. The
National Festival showcasing the work of the most creative theatre workers in India, it
main objective of Bal Sangam is to encourage children to continue
has evolved to international scope, hosting theatre companies from around the world,
traditional performances so as to preserve our cultural heritage in this
and is now the largest theatre festival of Asia. In addition to the national and rapidly changing world.
international productions/performances that are staged during the Festival, the fare
also includes exhibitions, conferring of awards/tributes, interactive sessions with
directors and performers for the general public and professionals, Photographic
exhibitions featuring landmark productions, Open forums and meetings. It is an
extremely beneficial input for students from the academic perspective since it provides
them with a lot of exposure with respect to theatre practices in the country and rest of
the world. Students are also involved in projects promoting interactions with various
participant groups. They also get a chance to interact with the Directors through 'Meet
the Director' an open forum, run actively by the students themselves.

PARALLEL FESTIVAL

Bharat Rang Mahotsav is

accompanied by a shorter
festival in a second city, with
selections from the main
repertoire, extending the scope
JASHNEBACHPAN
of the Mahotsav and sharing its
fare with theatre lovers outside
Jashnebachpan showcases the works of different theatre groups working with and for children,
Delhi. The second festival has till
representing various regions and languages from across the country. Eminent and emerging theatre
date been held in Bengalure,
directors and established theatre groups doing plays with and for children participate in the festival with full-
Ko l ka t , Lu c k n ow, B h o p a l ,
fledged productions.
Chennai, Jaipur, Rajasthan and
Amritsar. This year it was held at
Besides these, there are several other festivals hosted by the school from time to time in the interest of
Imphal and Guwahati.
theatre.
26 27
 SANSKAAR RANG TOLI REPERTORY COMPANY

SANSKAAR RANG TOLI

Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the Sanskaar
Rang Toli was established in October 1989. It aims to educate children
(8–17 years) through the medium of theatre. To achieve this objective,
the Toli carries out the following activities:
Development of creative curriculum and performance of
participatory plays in schools, especially designed for children of
different age groups
Organizing training workshops for teachers round the year, to
create meaningful theatre with children ·
Development of skills for classroom situations aimed at making
the teaching/learning process effective and enjoyable
Imparting of training to children in theatre and the allied arts
through participation in intensive summer workshops
(May–June) and Saturday/Sunday Club (August–December).
Through workshops and the Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli
aims at integrated personality development of children.

REPERTORY COMPANY
The Repertory Company of the National School of
Drama is the performing wing of the School. It
consists of a group of artistes, mostly graduates of
the School. The main function of the Repertory
Company is to produce plays of high artistic merit
and perform them regularly for theatre lovers in
Delhi and across the country. It was founded in
1964 and has performed about one hundred and
fifty plays by ninety playwrights, and has worked
with more than sixty-five directors.
28 29
 FACULTY
FORMER CHAIRPERSONS FORMER DIRECTORS
* Dr. P.V. Rajamannar (1959–61) Shri Satu Sen (1959–61)
* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (1961–65) Shri E. Alkazi (1962–77)
* Smt. Indira Gandhi (1965–72) Shri B.V. Karanth (1977–82)
* Dr. K. P. S. Menon (1972–77) Prof. B. M. Shah (1982–84)
Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (1977–78) Prof. Mohan Maharishi (1984–86)
Shri L.M. Singhvi (1978–82) Shri Ratan Thiyam (1987–88)
Ms Shanta Gandhi (1982–86) Prof. Kirti Jain (1988–95)
Dr. Suresh Awasthi (1986–88) Prof. Ram Gopal Bajaj (1995–2001)
Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (1988–92) Prof. Devendra Raj Ankur (2001–07)
Dr. P.C. Joshi (1992–96) Dr. Anuradha Kapur ( 2007-2013)
Dr. Chandrasekhar Kambar (1996–2001)
Shri Anupam Kher (2001–04) CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERS
Mrs. Amal Allana (2005-2013)
Chairperson: Shri Ratan Thiyam
Director: Prof. Waman kendre

*When NSD was under the administrative

control of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the
Chairperson of the Akademi used to be the
Chairperson of the National School of
Drama as well.

30 31
 FACULTY
SHRI RATAN THIYAM
Chairman, National School of Drama
A graduate of Dramatic Arts from the National
School of Drama, Ratan Thiyam is a designer,
music composer, choreographer, lighting expert,
costume designer, architect, playwright, painter
and poet. He is recognized as one of the most
influential figures of theatre in the world today for
his oeuvre and for his formidable grasp of the
blending of classical traditions with contemporary
ones.
He founded the Chorus Repertory Theatre
Company in Imphal in 1976. He has directed more
than 50-productions of original, adaptation and
translated plays and produced world class
productions including Chakravyuha, Urubhangam,
Uttar-Priyadarshi, Blind Age, Hey Nungshibi Prithivi
and Nine Hills One Vally, which are known as
masterpieces in the world theatre movement and
have been performed extensively throughout the
globe.
32
He has been conferred with Padmashree (1989)
by the Indian Government. He is also a recipient of
Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellow (2012) and
numirous other prestigious awards including the
Indo-Greek Friendship Award (Greece, 1984),
National Academy Award (Sangeet Natak
Akademi, 1987), Fringe Firsts, Edinburgh
International Theatre Award (1987), Diploma of
Cervantino International Festival (Maxica, 1990),
Nandikar (1992), La Grande Medaille (France,
1997), International Man of the year in the field of
Theatre and Humansim (1998-99), B.M. Shah
Award (2000), B.V. Karanth Smriti Puruskar
(2004), Kalidas Samman (2006), NETV People's
Choice Award (2006), SIU-KA-PHA National Award
(2006), Late Hawaibam Nilamani Singh Award
(2007), Theatre Centre Award (2007), John D.
Rockefeller Award (Asian Cultural Council, New
York, 2007), Alkazi Foundation Award (2008),
Critics Forum Award (2008), Manipur State Kala
Akademi Award (Literature, 2010), Chaman Lal
Memorial Award (Life time achievement Award) by
the Chaman Lal Memorial Society, New Delhi
(2011), Bharat Muni Samman (2011), 2nd Bhupen
Hazarika National Award (2013), Nalanda
Bharata Muni Samman (2013).
He has also received Honorary Degree of Doctor of
Literature (Honoris Causa) conferred by Rabindra
Bharati University, Kolkata (2008) and Honorary
Degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa)
conferred by Guwahati University, 2010, Honorary
Degree of Doctor of Literature conferred by Assam
University, Assam.
He has participated as Visualizer, Choreographer
and presenter in Asian Arts Festival (Hond Kong),
Festival of India in UK, Festival of India in USSR,
Festival of France in India, and also Artistic
Director, Designer, Choreographer in Festival of
India in Germany.
Prof. Waman Kendre
Director, National School of Drama
An eminent theatre personality with a graduation in
Arts and a one-year proficiency certification course
in Dramatics from Dr. Ambedkar Marathwada
University, Aurangabad, NSD alumnus Prof. Waman
Kendre, prior to joining NSD, served as Professor
and Director, Academy of Theatre Arts, University of
Mumbai (2003-2013)
His teaching experience spans almost thirty years,
and he has conducted more than two hundred and
fifty workshops on varying aspects of theatre, in
India and abroad (America, Mauritius). He has done
practice-oriented research on the Folk and
Ritualistic Theatre of Kerala, and had been a
Research Associate with the Theatre Development
Centre, NCPA, Mumbai, for nine and a half years.
He has been actively involved in administrative and
organizational running of reputable organizations
like NCPA, University of Mumbai, and Rangpeeth,
Mumbai. He has held positions of eminence in
advisory committees and governing councils
including Vision Plan Committee (NSD), Rajya
Marathi Vikas Sanstha (Govt. of Maharashtra),
Advisory Committee Dept. of Drama (Rajasthan
University, Jaipur), Governing Council & Executive
Committee (West Zonal Cultural Centre, Udaipur),
Academic Council (Univ. of Mumbai), Vision Plan
Committee (Govt. of Goa), Advisory Committee of
All India Radio & Doordarshan (Govt. of India),
Society of Governing Council (SRFTII). He is also a
member of XIth Five Year Plan Performing Arts,
Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
His productions Zulwa (2005), Madhyam Vyayog
(2004), Jannemann (NSD Rep. 2002), Tempt Me
Not (NCPA, 1992), Nati Goti ( 1990), Gadhe Ki
Barat (SRC, 1988), Ladi Nazariya (NSD, 1994),
Saiyyan Bhaye Kotwal and Rajdarshan (with IPTA,
Mumbai – 1985 & 86) are still considered to be
landmarks owing to their sensitive approach
towards the sufferings of those sections of society
that are rarely talked about. His play 'Char Divas
th st
Premache' celebrated its 1000 show on 1 May,
2009. He holds an unbroken record for being the
single person to win all three positions for Best Play
& Best Director, at the Government of Maharashtra
State Professional Drama Competition in 1989. His
multifarious contribution in the field of theatre have
been acknowledged with various awards including
the National Award conferred by the President of
India for Theatre Direction (Sangeet Natak
Akademi, 2012), the first Manohar Singh Smriti
Puraskar (Instituted by NSD & the Ministry of
Culture, Govt. of India, for outstanding multifaceted
contribution to the field of Theatre Arts, 2004), the
Mumbai Marathi Granth Sangrahalaya Award
(1989), Eight times Maharastra Govt. State Award,
Sahyog Foundation Award (1999), Marathwada
Gaurav Award (2002), Maharashtra Times Award
(2006), Natya Darpan Awards (1989, 1992, 1996),
Padmshri Daya Pawar Smriti Puraskar(2007), and
State Award for Best Music (Priya Bawari, 2012)
among others
33
 FACULTY
ACTING
TRIPURARI SHARMA
Professor, Acting
Prof. Tripurari Sharma is a graduate in English from Delhi University
and a Diploma holder in direction from the National School of
Drama. She has written and directed many plays and has been
associated with several theatre groups throughout the country and
abroad. A playwright of repute having written plays like Bahu, Kath ki
Gadi and has translated Indian and Western plays like Andha Yug
and Othello, has been associated with films like Mirch Masala and
Hazaar Chaurasi ki Maa. She has worked with various folk forms like
Nautanki, Khyal and Pandavani. Her plays have been translated in
Indian languages, English and Kath ki Gadi also in French. She was
the Indian representative at the First International Women
Playwrights; Conference held in USA in 1986. Prof. Sharma received
the Sanskriti Puraskar in 1986, honoured by the Delhi Natya Sangh
in 1990, also received the Safdar Hashmi Award from U.P. S.N.A. and
was among the 99 women from India nominated for the 'Thousand
Women for Nobel Peace Prize' by an International initiative.
HEMA SINGH
Associate Professor, Acting
Hema Singh, a well known actor, a graduate of NSD's Integrated
course (1982), has worked with NSD Repertory Company for 10
years. She has essayed fifty major roles under eminent national and
international directors. She has done innovative work in the field of
Parsi Theatre and presentation of Poetry on stage. She has assisted
famous Parsi style actor Late Master Fida Hussain Narsi at NSD for 6
years, has done fellowship from ministry of HRD on Parsi Theatre.
Apart from 15 productions in Parsi Style to her credit she has
directed plays of other genres. She has written analytical articles on
theatre, has translated plays, and was theatre critic for 'Jansatta', a
Hindi newspaper. Her translation of Strindberg 'A Dream Play' has
been published by Central Sahitya Academy. She has developed
scripts for NCERT, television and Radio. She has taught Voice &
Speech and Acting at NSD, SRC, M.P. Drama School and Bhartentu
Natya Academy. She has travelled abroad including England,
Australia, Poland, Germany, Wales, Mauritus and Sri Lanka to
perform and conduct workshops on theatre. She was awarded with
NSD's prestigioius 'Manohar Singh Smriti Award' for her contribution
to theatre in 2008. Her portrayal of Imarti Devi in a T.V. serial has
fetched her 'Indian Television Academy Award' for the Best Actress in
a negative role.
34
ABDUL LATIF KHATANA
Associate Professor, Acting &
Chief of Sanskaar Rang Toli
Abdul Latif Khatana graduated from NSD in 1986 with
specialization in acting. In addition to devising, writing and
directing several plays that have been nationally and
internationally performed, he has conducted numerous
workshops on acting. He is the founder of Adabi Sangat
(Kashmir) and of the theatre group, Kirdar. He was also a
founder-actor-teacher of NSD's T.I.E. Co., of which he later
became Chief. He is credited with conceptualizing and
organizing the T.I.E. Company's first national theatre festival for
children called 'Jashnebachpan,' followed by another national
festival, 'Bal Sangam,' of folk and traditional performing arts by
children. Mr. Khatana has worked extensively with schools,
institutions and NGOs to cultivate the need of theatre/drama
for children at multiples levels. He has also made a major
contribution in devising the theatre/drama syllabus for NCERT
from classes 1 to 12.
DINESH KHANNA
Associate Professor, Acting
A graduate from Lucknow University with a diploma in Acting
from Bhartendu Natya Academy and a post-graduate diploma
in acting from the National School of Drama in 1986, Dinesh
Khanna has been involved in acting, direction and teaching for
the last twenty years. Deeply interested in literature and
translation, he has written several articles on theatre. His
published works include Kucch Aansu Aur Kuchh Phool and
Abhinay Chintan.
RATNA PANIKKAR
Associate Professor, Music
With a B.A (Hons) and master's degree from Delhi University in Karnatak
music, Ms. Panikkar went on to complete her doctorate in Indian music
from Madras University on 'A Comparative Study of Hindustani and
Karnatak Raga System'. In 1991 she joined the National School of Drama
as a lecturer (in music), and has since conducted several theatre music
workshops at the national and international levels. A singer of classical
Karnatakmusic, she has scored music for a number of plays and has also
acted in productions of the Nirakar group. Ms. Pannikar was Dean
(academics) at NSD in 2002–03.
35
 FACULTY
ACTING
SURESH SHETTY
Associate Professor, Acting-Movement
With a diploma in acting from the National School of Drama in 1982,
Sheresh Shetty went on to join the NSD Repertory Company as an
actor. He has performed major roles both in the Repertory as well as
with different theatre groups. He has done extensive experimental
work with the human body, puppets and other elements of visual
theatre, and has developed a detailed method of expression through
body language. Mr. Shetty has also visited France on an assignment
to study modern techniques of movement and mime.
ABHILASH PILLAI
Assistant Professor, Acting
A Ph. D. from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi in 2012. He has
a two year diploma in theatre production and stage management
from RADA, London; a postgraduate diploma in design and direction
from NSD; and a graduate degree in theatre arts from Calicut
University, Kerala. He has directed plays in different countries in
various languages; has contributed articles on theatre in leading
publications in India and the U.K.; and has attended seminars and
conducted workshops in different regions of India and abroad. His
works draw on a wide array of materials but are presented in a
contemporary aesthetic style. He has been involved in several
collaborations both international and national and has initiated the
first ever collaboration in India connecting NSD and the Grand
Circus, Kerala, culminating in a production he directed, Clowns &
Clouds. He was Chief Technical Coordinator of Bharat Rang
Mahotsav (the International theatre festival of India) for the last five
years and Curator/Artistic Director for National and International
Theatre Festivals in Kerala from 2009 onwards. Shri Pillai has also
written a biographic book titled C.N. Sreekantan Nair – A Vission and
Mission of a Theatre activist-published by the Central Sahithya
Akademi in 2007. Also a consultant, designer and architect for
constructing theatre complexes for leading institutions in Delhi.
Besides, he is a member of various visiting faculties in Indian and
foreign Universities. He is a member of board of studies in different
Universities in Delhi and Kerala. He was the Dean, Academics of NSD
from 2008-2011 and during his deanship he has started the first
ever Student Exchange Programme with Royal Academy of Dramatic
Arts, London and National School of Drama. At present he is
Assistant Professor for Acting in National School of Drama. Mr. Pillai
along with other awards has been honored with the Sanskriti Award
2002-03 and Kerala Sangeet Natak Award – 2012 for his
achievements in the field of theatre.
36
DRAMATIC LITERATURE
SANTANU BOSE
Assistant Professor, World Drama
Santanu Bose is a body-weather practioner who has created over 50
pieces of theatre works over the past 28 years, mostly in Calcutta and
currently in New Delhi. These have been full-length theatre plays as well as
performance pieces which have been shown in various parts of Asia,
Europe and Australia. He takes particular interest in making
performances in multicultural situations focusing on war, gender and
displacement. He has taught and created visual construction for films and
durational gallery based performances.
THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT
Professor, Theatre Architecture
Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979) is an acclaimed lights and
set designer. An SNA awardee (2002), he has been involved in the
renovation and revamping of theatre buildings with modern ideas and
technology. His contribution to theatre technology and functioning
includes the creation of a self-supporting space frame for hoisting
systems, introduction of two-bar drop-curtain operation and India's first
'light-soft-patching' in Abhimanch (NSD). He also gave India its first echo-
shell auditorium, the Chinmaya Auditorium, Delhi. Premchand Rangshalla,
Patna, of the fifties stands transformed with his introduction of a self-
supporting hoisting-system and an innovative loop counter-weights. The
recently commissioned Bhaji Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is another of
his landmarks, where 90-ft diameter semicircular Braille curtain works to
perfection. Prof. Bhagat was the technical director to 'Festivals of India'
held in Japan, Germany, China, Thailand, Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan,
Korea and Brazil. He also excelled as an art director in films like Bandit
Queen and Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi.
SURESH BHARDWAJ
Professor, Lighting
An NSD alumnus, Mr. Bhardwaj joined the School's newly founded
Extension Department on a one-year fellowship in 1980. Former technical
director of Rangmandal, Bharat Bhawan, Bhopal and a founder-member
of Sambhav, a theatre group of Delhi, he moved to television and cinema
in 1985. He joined the NSD faculty in 1988, and has been Professor of the
Extension Programme. He has worked as a writer, director and designer
for satellite channels and Doordarshan; has conducted numerous theatre
workshops in and outside the country; and has designed and directed
plays for several institutions in different languages. Mr. Bhardwaj has also
served on the International Jury of World Drama under UNESCO. He is the
recipient of the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Rosco (UK)
Award from the Chaman Lal Society.
37
 FACULTY
AMARJIT SHARMA
Associate Professor, Stage Technology
A Delhi University graduate, Mr. Sharma joined NSD's carpentry
workshop section in 1979 and was appointed stage technologist in
1994. He is responsible for preparing set designs, plans and
models for staging plays and other associated events. Some of his
notable assignments have been the installation and execution of
sets for more than 2000 plays for the Bharat Rang Mahotsav held
between 1999 and 2013, for Jashnebachpan and Balsangam Rang
Mahotsav held from 1998 to 2013, and for the German Festival in
India in 2000–01. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on official
assignments for set execution and has designed sets for television
serials. Mr. Sharma also attended a programme on advanced
theatre technology in Tokyo as part of the Indo-Japan Cultural
Exchange Programme, in 1998. He has also supervised and
executed scenic designs for many plays, including 'Mangniyar
Seduction' directed by Royesten Abel that visited many countries
across the globe.
EXTENSION PROGRAMME
AMITESH GROVER
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, Extension Programme
Recipient of SNA Bismillah Khan Award for Direction, Amitesh Grover
is a Performance-Maker, who works between Theatre, Inter-Media
Art and Gaming. He has created 15 Performances & Mixed-Media
Installations, which have taken a total of 110 showings across 9
countries so far. His work investigates overlaps between immersive-
events, digital technologies, game design and public intervention.
His work has been shown in United States, Germany, Switzerland,
England, Mexico, China, Philippines, Romania, Pakistan, Oman and
India. NSD Alumnus (Design & Direction, 2004), he completed his
MA (Digital Theatre) from University of Arts London, UK in 2006.
Recipient of numerous awards like Arte Laguna Prize (Virtual Art
Nomination, Italy, 2012), YCE Award nomination (India, 2010), BC
Theatre Sutra Award (India, 2009), and Charles Wallace Scholarship
Award (U.K., 2005), he has been granted Artist Residencies like
KMAT Residency, Arts Centre Melbourne (Australia, 2011) & Pro
Helvetia Residency (Switzerland, 2008). He has had the honour of
being Artist Visitor at Culture Creation Project (Tokyo, 2013) &
Theatreffen (Germany, 2013). He has been invited to deliver the
Artist lecture at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (U.S. 2011) and has
been a Jury Member at TheatreSpektakel (Switzerland, 2008). He
has also been featured in the prestigious Contemporary
Performance Almanac 2013. His work can be accessed on his
website www.amiteshgrover.com
38
PRODUCTION CELL
PARAG SARMAH
Production Manager
A graduate of the National School of Drama with specialization in acting,
Mr. Parag Sarmah has worked in the NSD Repertory Company for nearly
twelve years as an artist and stage manager. He has acted in more than
forty-five plays. His directorial debut, Parashuram, has been nationally
acclaimed and was a part of both the Nandikar National Theatre Festival
and the Bharat Rang Mahotsav. He has directed Hello Out There for the
NSD Repertory Company and has designed lights for productions like
Raste, Parinati, Bhand Duhayee, Taj Mahal Ka Tender, Bandi Pramath and
Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the Song & Drama Division. At
present Mr. Sarmah is the production manager in the School and has
been instrumental in the successful coordination of the Poorvottar Natya
Samaroh that has been organized by the School in different parts of the
country for the last five years.
Visiting Faculty
The School also invites some of the finest creative talents from within the country and abroad to serve on its
visiting faculty periodically. Creative people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, who are
actively involved in the practice of theatre and who face the challenges that this medium poses in the
changing cultural context, have been visiting the School to supplement the teaching inputs of the resident
faculty.
REPERTORY COMPANY
SURESH SHARMA
Chief of Repertory Company
With diplomas and specializations in acting from both the Bhartendu
Natya Academy and NSD, Mr. Suresh Sharma began work as a freelance
theatre worker with the Delhi-based group, Sambhav. In 1985–86 he
worked under a fellowship on the nautanki of Uttar Pradesh under the
guidance of Gulab Bai and Mudraraksha. He later established the only
non-governmental repertory in the district of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh,
which he went on to expand into a fully residential theatre academy. He
has been the artistic director of the Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts in
Delhi; has translated the first version of the Stanislavsky system of acting
into Hindi; and has visited several foreign countries to study the
functioning of repertory companies. For the play Mohana, he was awarded
by the Sahitya Kala Parishad and the Sangeet Natak Academy.
39
 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF vuqØe
Administrative Staff
RAMKISHAN
TECHNICAL STAFF
Acting Registrar TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
S. THYAGARAJAN, Photographer
With a bachelor's degree from university of Delhi
S. MANOHARAN, Sound Technician
and post diploma in marketing and Sales
R.S. GOSSAIN, Sound Technician
Management from Institute of Commercial
GURSHARAN KAUR,
practice and also a diploma in Material
Management from Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan New
Delhi, Ramkishan joined the National School of
Tailor-cum-Wardrobe Supervisor
RAM PRATAP, Workshop Instructor jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; 43
KIRAN KUMAR, Assistant Light & Sound Technician
Drama as store supervisor. He took charge as A.R.
(Accounts), A.R. (Academics), Estate Manager,
Business Manager, Account Officer, Deputy MUSIC DEPARTMENT
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k 44
RAJENDRA PRASANNA,
Registrar also in his service period.

He has vast experience in handling National and

Flute-cum-Shehnai Player
OM PRAKASH, Percussionist Gr.I
v/;;u ds fo”k; 46
P. VETRI BOOPATHY, Percussionist Gr. II
International events of National School of Drama.
Ramkishan has toured different parts of the izos'k laca/kh ekeys 56
county and abroad while managing the theatre RAJ BHASHA VIBHAG
festivals and official seminars. He is working as
the Acting Registrar in National School of Drama
GEETA JOSHI, Assistant Director (Official Language)
CHETANA VASHISHT, Senior Hindi Translator lkekU; lwpuk 60
since – August, 2013.
foLrkj dk;ZØe 64
LIBRARY
ANIL SRIVASTAVA, Librarian
ukV~; egksRlo 66
ADMINISTRATIVE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT LkaLdkj jax Vksyh 68
SURESH MANSHARMANI, Officiating Deputy Registrar
O.P. SAGAR, Accounts Officer (Adhoc) jaxeaMy 69
S.P. SHARMA, Assistant Registrar (Accounts)
SAVITA KALRA, Assistant Registrar (Administration)
GEEVARGHESE K.T., P.S. to Director ladk; 70
C.D. TIWARI, (Assistant Registrar)
DEEPAK KUMAR WADHWA, Business Manager
NEELAM KAPOOR, Estate Manager (Adhoc) iz'kklfud o rduhdh deZpkjh 80
A.K. BARUA, Public Relations Officer
MANOJ RAMELA, Store Supervisor (Adhoc)
B.S. RAWAT, In-charge Academics
DARSHAN SINGH BISHT, In-charge (Book Shop)

40
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fFk,Vj&bu&,tqds'ku daiuh ¼laLdkj jax Vksyh½ ftldh LFkkiuk o”kZ 1989 esa dh xbZA rhu&o”khZ; fMIyksek
ikB~;Øe ds iw.kZ gksus ds mijkar bu nksuksa Lda/kksa esa ukekadu ds fy, lQy vH;fFkZ;ksa ds ukeksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gS
;k fQj ;s jaxeap laca/kh fdlh fo”k; ij viuh ifj;kstuk ;k 'kks/k&izca/k ij Hkh dk;Z dj ldrs gSa ftlds fy, bUgsa
,d o”kZ dh vof/k dh v/;srko`fŸk nh tkrh gSA fo|ky; ds foLrkj dk;ZØe dk vkjaHk o”kZ 1978 esa fd;k x;k ftlds
varxZr ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa o;Ldksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA
42 43
 jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k
ikB~;Øe dk eq[; mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks jaxeap
ds fy, rS;kj djuk gS] ftlds fy,
fofHkUu izdkj dh O;kogkfjd dq'kyrkvksa
dks fodflr djuk vkSj lS)kafrd
tkudkjh gkfly djuk vko';d gksrk gSA
v/;;u ds lHkh {ks=ksa dk vkdyu
fo”k;kuqlkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj izR;sd esa
mPpLrjh; ifj.kke dh vis{kk dh tkrh
gSA ikB~;Øe dk ewy mÌs'; ,d ny dh
lkewfgd lajpuk esa l`tukRed vkSj
dYiuk'khy vfHkO;fDr dks fodflr
djuk jgrk gSA

jaxeap dks O;olk; ds

:Ik esa viukus ds bPNqd
Nk=ksa dks jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; rhu o”khZ;
iw . kZ d kfyd fMIyks e k
ikB~;Øe ds v/;;u dk
volj iznku djrk gSA

izFke o"kZ nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA izFke l= ¼tqykbZ&fnlacj½ esa vfHku;] funsZ'ku] jax rduhd
vkSj vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRoksa ds vykok jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u
fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs l= esa bUgha fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA

f}rh; o"kZ Hkh nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gS & rhljk o pkSFkk l=A rhljs l= esa Nk= fo'ks"kKrk gsrq
vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk esa ls ,d {ks= pqurs gSaA jaxeap bfrgkl]
lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA pkSFks l= esa bUgha fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r vè;;u
tkjh jgrk gSA

rhljs o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk
esa mPp izf'k{k.k Ikznku djuk gSA
44 45
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
ukV~; lkfgR;

vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap

19oha lnh ds e/; ls izkjaHk gq, vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk fodklØe]
ledkyhu jax ifjn`'; ij fo'ks”k n`f”Vikr ds lkFk {ks=h; Hkk”kkbZ jaxeap %
fl)kar vkSj O;ogkjA

'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; jaxeap

laLd`rdkyhu Hkkjrh; ukV~; ,oa lkSan;Z'kkL=
laLd`r jaxeap dk bfrgkl
ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr ukV~; lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij pqus laLd`r ukVdkas dk foLr`r fo'o jaxeap
fo'ys”k.k o O;k[;k;
izkphu dky esa mudh izLrqfr o n'kZd rFkk ledkyhu jaxeap esa mudh ,f'k;u] ;wjksfi;u] vesfjdu] vÝ+hdu ,oa ySfVu vesfjdu ukV~; lkfgR; o izn'kZuksa ij
lkFkZdrkA fo'ks”k cy ds lkFk fo'o jaxeap dk bfrgkl rFkk izeq[k ukV~;ys[kksa dk v/;;uA

jax LFkkiR;
ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr o nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k] phu vkSj tkiku ds jaxeapksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr
vkSj vU; iwohZ ns'kksa esa jaxeap dk fodklA

46 47
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
vfHku;
ok.kh ,oa lEHkk”k.k
ok.kh fdl izdkj dk;Z djrh gS] vFkkZr ,d
LokHkkfod fLFkj Loj izkIr djus ds vH;kl]
rkfd JO;rk] Li”Vrk vkSj lqjksa ds mrkj&p<+ko
dk lkeF;Z fodflr gks
ikB o varikZB ij dke djrs gq, pfj=kuqlkj
laHkk”k.k o Lojksa dh xq.koŸkk dks ryk'kukA
fofHkUu rjg dh laHkk”k.k 'kSfy;k¡]
ikjaifjd] 'kkL=h;] vk/kqfud
ledkyhu jaxeap vkfn] dk Kku
izkIr djukA
48
;ksx
;ksx dk mÌs';&vkluksa] fØ;kvksa rFkk izk.kk;ke ds vH;kl }kjk Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd
LokLF;] lrdZrk] ykfyR;] ,dkxzrk vkSj mPpkj.k {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djus
;ksX; cukuk gSA
Xkfr lapkyu
vk/kqfud xfr lapkyu ds fl)kar vkSj i)fr
f'kYi'kkL= vkSj ukV~;'kkL= ds fl)karksa dk v/;;u
'kkjhfjd Hkko&Hkafxekvksa tSls gko&Hkko] eqnzkvksa vkSj xfr lapkyu }kjk ekuoh;
vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr
O;fDr;ksa o oLrqvksa ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr }kjk vfHku; ¼'kSyhc)
vfHku;½
jaxlaxhr
ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu /ofu;ksa vkSj rky lajpukvksa ds Kku }kjk
Nk=ksa dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrk esa vfHko`f) djukA lkSUn;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj
jaxeap ds fof'k”V mi;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk
jaxlaxhr dh le> fodflr djukA
vfHku; vkSj vk'kq vfHku; ¼bEizksokbZT+ks'ku½
vfHkusrkvksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj lac/kh izfrHkk dk ifj”dkj
rFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx
dj mudh izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk
ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c<+kuk rFkk vfHku;
esa rduhd vkSj dkS'ky izkIr djus esa lgk;rk iznku djuk
vfHku; esa izeq[k lafgrkc) ¼dksfMQ+kbM½ fl)karksa vkSj
i)fr;ksa dk v/;kiu djukA
49
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
funsZ'ku
dykRed vH;kl ,oa lekftd&jktuhfrd pSrU;rk
,d nwljs ls dSls laca) gaS blh dk Kku ,oa cks/k fodflr
djuk mÌs'; gS bl ikB~;Øe dkA izn'kZu dh xfre;rk
ls tqM+s lS)kafrd] oSpkfjd ,oa lajpukRed eqÌksa dks ;g
izf'k{k.k js[kkafdr djrk gSA ;g ikB~;Øe Nk=ksa dks
lkekftd ljksdkj vkSj mPp O;kolkf;d ekinaMksa okyh
ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dks Lo;a dh fo'ys”k.kkRed le> }kjk
funsZf'kr djus esa l{ke cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA
LFky] LFkku] LFkkiR; dk v/;;u
Jksrk ,oa n'kZdiu dk v/;;u
vfHkdYiu] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku ds fofHkUu igyqvksa vkSj
n`f”V;ksa dk v/;;u
lkfgR; vkSj mlds fl)karksa] /ofu vkSj laxhr] n`';kRed
dyk,a] flusek] ehfM;k] jlHkko laca/k vkfn dh le>
fodflr djuk
lkekftd&jktuSfrd ,oa lk¡Ld`frd le> fodflr djukA

funsZ'ku dk bfrgkl
funsZ'ku dk fl)kar
vkys[k fo'ys”k.k
ukVdksa dh 'kSyh] Lo:Ik ,oa y{k.k
funsZ'ku dh /kkjk,a

ns'k&fons'k ds fo[;kr funsZ'kdksa dk

;ksxnku ,oa fo'ks”krk,a

fofHkUu funsZ'kdksa dh jpuk izfØ;k

funsZ'kd] vfHkusrk] ys[kd vkSj vfHkdYid

ds varlZaca/k
jaxHkk”kk fodflr djus dh izfof/kA

50 51
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd
bl ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dh n`';&JO; dYiuk'kfDr
dk iks”k.k djds mls jaxdeZ ,oa ^ykbZo bosUV* esa iz;ksx djus
yk;d+ cukuk gSA Nk=ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os mPp
Lrjh; rduhd vkSj dkS'ky gkfly dj] l`tukRed fopkjksa
ds la;ksx ls ledkyhu jaxifjn`'; esa ;ksxnku ns ldsaA
jax vfHkdYiu dk bfrgkl
jax vfHkdYiu ds ewy rRo
jax vfHkdYiu ds fl)kar
jax vfHkdYiu ds y{k.k] 'kSfy;k¡ o Lisl
jax vfHkdYiu dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa] :Ikks]a
n`';dykvksa] ukV~;Hkou] eap fo/kku vkfn dk
v/;;u
jax vfHkdYiu ,oa lkekftd ljksdkj
dyk ,oa vU; lekjksgksa dk vfHkdYiu
funsZ'ku] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku
ds ewy rRoksa dks le>uk
izdk'k] /ofu] os'kHkw”kk] eap] :IklTtk] eYVhehfM;k
eap vfHkdYiuk
eap vfHkdYiuk dh vo/kkj.kk o n'kZu
eap vfHkdYiuk ds fl)kar o i)fr;k¡
eap fuekZ.k ,oa eap rduhd izdk'k vfHkdYiuk
eap vfHkdYiuk o ekWMy fuekZ.k ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar
izdk'k vfHkdYiuk dk n'kZu ,oa lkSan;Zcks/k
eap izdk'k dk mÌs';
oL= vfHkdYiuk izdk'k ;kstuk ¼Iyku½ o midj.k
oL= vfHkdYiuk dk bfrgkl fo|qr ,oa fLop cksMZ fu;a=.k dk cqfu;knh v/;;u
oL= vfHkdYiuk dh O;k[;k ,oa fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡
:Ik lTtk
jax LFkkiR; :Ik lTtk dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡] fl)kar vkSj vH;kl
;wukuh dky ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky rd if'peh jaxeap ds
fofHkUu Lo:Ikksa vkSj eap vfHkdYiuk dk Øec) fodkl
iwohZ ns'kksa esa lelkef;d jax LFkkiR; o eap ifjdYiuk]
fo'ks”kdj Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuwdwy vLFkkbZ ,oa LFkkbZ
eqDrkdk'kh jaxeap ,oa vU; LFkkiR; ijaijk,a

52 53
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
izLrqfr
,fizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj dk;Z'kkyk l=
izLrqfr gekjs ikB~;Øe dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA blds
varxZr fuEu fo”k;ksa dk v/;kiu fd;k tkrk gS %& v/;;u ds mijksDr fo”k;ksa ds vfrfjDr
vkys[k ls eap rd tkus dh rduhdsa fo|ky; Nk=ksa ds fy, Hkkjrh; dyk ,oa
ukVdksa dh lajpuk vkSj izLrqfr dh Hkk”kk,¡ LkaLd`fr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij ,fizfl,'ku
funsZ'ku] vfHkdYiu ,oa vfHku; dh dyk dkslZ o dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djrk gSA
/ofu] laxhr rFkk n`'; vfHkdYiuk dh le>
ukVdksa dk p;u ,oa v/;;u

'kks/k ,oa O;kid ^Q+hYM odZ* izLrqfr izfØ;k ds vge

fgLls gSaA

Ikzf'k{k.k ds f}rh; o”kZ ls izLrqfr;ksa ds lkoZtfud eapu

'kq: gksrs gSaA buesa laLd`r@;wukuh ukVd] ikjEifjd fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k ,d lE;d] O;kid vkSj
'kSyh] Q+klZ] ;wjksfi;u iqutkZxj.k ds ukVd] Hkkjrh; ,oa lko/kkuhiwoZd fu;ksftr rhu o”khZ; ikB~;Øe ij
xS+j Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud ,ao ledkyhu vkys[k vkfn ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa fl)kar ls ysdj vH;kl rd jaxeap
vk/kkfjr ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ eafpr dh tk ldrh gSaA lHkh ds lHkh igyqvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj ftlds
fo'ks”kKrkvksa ds Nk=ksa dk buesa Hkkx ysuk vfuok;Z gSA ifj.kke ewY;kadu gsrq O;kid tulewg ds le{k izLrqr
fd, tkrs gSaA ikB~;Øe esa jaxdeZ ls tqM+h mu lHkh
egku foHkwfr;ksa dh i)fr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS
ftUgksaus lelkef;d jaxeap ds lHkh :Ikksa vkSj
vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA
bl ikB~;Øe esa Hkkjrh;] 'kkL=h; o if'peh ukV~;
ijEijkvksa] Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd vkSj yksd jaxeap] Hkkjr
vkSj fons'kksa esa vk/kqfud jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa] fo'o dh
jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa ds ifjp; ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh;
jaxeap ijEijkvksa esa O;kid izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gSA
fo|ky; ds ladk; lnL; vkSj vfrfFk ladk; ftuesa
Hkkjr rFkk fons'kh jaxdfeZ;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS]
,d eksM~;wy ds vk/kkj ij Nk=ksa dks izfro”kZ izf'k{k.k
iznku djrs gSaA bl izf'k{k.k esa d{kk esa gksus okys
O;k[;ku] xgu dk;Z'kkykvksa dh ,d J`a[kyk] fQ+Ye
vkSj vU; dykvksa esa ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ 'kkfey jgrs gSaA
Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh ds lkaLd`frd dsanz esa fLFkr
gksus ds dkj.k fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dks Hkkjrh; rFkk
fons'kh nksuksa izdkj ds cgqfo/k ukVdksa dks ns[kus dk
volj feyrk gSA fnYyh n`'; dykvksa] laxhr vkSj
u`R; dh n`f”V ls Hkh ,d le`) LFkku gS tks Nk=ksa dh
tkx:drk ,oa ifjizs{; dks rks c<+krk gS gh ogha jaxeap
laca/kh muds n`f”Vdks.k dks Hkh O;kidrk iznku djrk gSA
54 55
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
vkosnu izfØ;k
ukV~;&dykvksa esa rhu o”khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;Øe ds
fy, bl o”kZ &2015 esa 26 Nk=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA
vH;fFkZ;ksa dks fu/kkZfjr izi= esa vkosnu djuk gSA
izos'k dh izfØ;k fuEuor~ gS%&
vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls eaxk, tk ldrs gSa
rFkk ;g jk-uk-fo- dh osclkbV www.nsd.gov.in &
ij Hkh miyC/k gSaA
tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls pkgrs gSa
os d`Ik;k vkosnu ds lkFk #- 225@& ¼ftlesa Mkd [kpZ
#- 75@& 'kkfey gS½ dk fMekaM MªkQ~+V funs'kd] jk”Vªh;
ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ fnYyh ds i{k esa layXu djsaA
Tkks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk jk-uk-fo- dh
osclkbV ls MkmuyksM dj jgs gSa os vkosnu i= ds lkFk
#- 150@& dk fMekaM MªªkQ+~V funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; ubZ fnYyh ds i{k esa layXu djsaA
fMekaM MªkQ~+V ^dsoy vknkrk ds [k+krs esa ns;* ds :Ik esa
js[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A
vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ksa dh izfr;k¡ vkSj gky
esa f[kapokbZ xbZa ikliksVZ vkdkj dh pkj Q+ksVks layXu
djsaA
vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ksa dh ewy
izfr;k¡ izLrqr djus dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA
iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu i= lacaf/kr izek.k i=ksa ds
lkFk
'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;]
cgkoyiqj gkml] Hkxokunkl jksM]
ubZ fnYyh & 110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k ds fy, U;wure~ ;ksX;rk
ekU;rk izkIr fo'ofo|ky; ls fdlh Hkh fo”k; esa LukrdA
ekr`Hkk”kk esa n{krk] fganh vkSj vaxzst+h Hkk”kk dk O;kogkfjd
KkuA
de&ls&de N% izLrqfr;ksa esa ;k jaxeap ls lacaf/kr fdlh
vU; {ks= esa lfØ; lgHkkfxrk dk vuqHkoA
56
vk;q
20 ls 30 o”kZ rd dh vk;q ds iq#”k o fL=;k¡ bl
ikB~;Øe esa izos'k ys ldrs gSaA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds
fy, vk;q lhek esa 5 o”kZ dh NwV nh xbZ gSA
f'k{k.k dk ek/;e
fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk ek/;e fganh o vaxzst+h gS tks fd
lacaf/kr fo”k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdksa dk
izn'kZu vf/kdk'kar% fganh esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA
p;u izfØ;k
vH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u nks pj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izFke
pj.k esa izkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr
mEEkhnokjksa dh Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;kogkfjd ijh{kk yh
tkrh gS vkSj bldk vk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk pkj vU;
dsanzksa&dksydkrk] cSaxyq:] eqacbZ vkSj xqokgkVh esa fd;k
tkrk gSA
izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq’kaflr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ubZ
fnYyh esa p;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqt+juk iM+rk gS
ftlesa 4&5 fnu dh ,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u
izfØ;k esa izfrHkkxh dh lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd l`tu dh
eukso`fŸk ij /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA p;u izfØ;k dks vkSj
foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy, ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS
fd tgk¡ rd laHko gks lds vH;FkhZ vf/kd ls vf/kd
jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr izns'kksa ls pqus tk,aA
vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks f}rh;
Js.kh jsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn izLrqr djus
ij vius x`guxj ls fnYyh fLFkr lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku
rd fudVre~ ekxZ ls vkus rFkk okil tkus dk ;k=k
HkŸkk ,oa nSfud HkŸkk iznku fd;k tk,xkA mUgsa fo|ky;
ds Nk=kokl esa jgus ds fy, LFkku Hkh fn;k tk,xkA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+k
oxZ ls lacaf/kr mEehnokjksa ds fy, vkj{k.k
26 lhVksa esa ls 5 lhVsa vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr
tutkfr rFkk 5 lhVsa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds mu mEehnokjksa
ds fy, vkjf{kr gSa tks izn'kZu dykvksa ls tqM+s ikjaifjd
ifjokjksa ls gSaA
fons'kh mEehnokj
bl ikB~;Øe esa fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gSaA gkykafd lhVksa dh
la[;k lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= esa 1&2 ls vf/kd fons'kh Nk=ksa
dks izos’k nsuk laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i= vius ns'k esa
fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ek/;e ls tek djok,a tks mUgsa
Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd laca/k ifj”kn~ ¼vkbZlhlhvkj½ dks vxzlkfjr djsaxsA
dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk vuq'kaflr vkosnuksa ij gh fo|ky; }kjk
fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ,oa lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds fy,
ikB~;Øe dh ekU;rk
fo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk esa fn, tkusokys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr
ljdkj ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLd`fr ea=ky; }kjk dsanzh; ljdkj
ds v/khu mPp inksa ij rFkk lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZ ekU;rk iznku
dh xbZ gS] tgk¡ ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj fo'ks”kKrk vko';d gksrh gSA
;g fMIyksek ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj mikf/k ds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-
fo- ds Lukrd egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa ds :Ik esa
fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mh- iathdj.k ds fy, ;ksX; gSaA
pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa ds nkf;Ro
jk-uk-fo- esa izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;kolkf;drk vftZr djus
ds fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Nk=ksa ls ;g
vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrq vko';drkuqlkj mudk LokLF;
larqfyr jgs rFkk muesa Ik;kZIr ÅtZfLork gksA vr% pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa
dks ekU;rk izkIr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk iznŸk fpfdRlk izek.k i=
izLrqr djuk gksrk gSA izR;sd Nk= ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LokLFk; vfuok;Z
gSA bl lca/k esa] fdlh Hkh le; fdlh Hkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh
fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tk¡p djk, tkus dk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl
lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks 'kkjhfjd n`f”V ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk
gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds ckotwn fo|ky; ds fy, ml Nk= dks
fo|ky; esa v/;;u tkjh j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks ik,xkA
p;fur Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr djus
dh vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgsa fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k; dk opu
nsuk gksrk gS fd mUgsa fdlh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr ugha
gqbZ gSA
pqus x, mEEkhnokjksa ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l= ds
igys fnu fo|ky; esa mifLFkr gksaA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ksa dks Lohdkj
ugha djrk] tks 'kq:vkrh fnuksa esa gh fo|ky; esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ
ugha djk ikrs vFkok tks rhu o”kZ dh iwjh vof/k rd fo|ky; esa cus
ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; esa u;k l= izfro”kZ e/; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks
tkrk gSA
57
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'k Nk=o`fŸk
fo|ky; pqus gq, Nk=ksa dks izfrekg #- 6000@& ¼#Ik;s
pqus x, Nk=ksa dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; N% gT+kkj ek=½ dh Nk=o`fŸk iznku djrk gSA ftl Nk=
'kqYd fo|ky; esa tek djkus gksaxsA 'kqYd tek u gks dks fo|ky; }kjk ;g Nk=o`fŸk iznku dh tkrh gS] mlls
ikus dh fLFkfr esa Nk= dks fo|ky; esa izos'k ugha fn;k ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og% ¼v½
tk,xkA #- 2]16]000@& dk bl vk'k; dk ,d ckW.M Hkjdj
fo|ky; esa izLrqr djsxk fd ;fn og rhu o”kZ ls igys
izos'k 'kqYd #- 150@& gh viuk izf'k{k.k can djus dk fu.kZ; djrk gS@djrh
f'k{kk 'kqYd #- 150@& gS] ;k vuq'kklfud vk/kkj ij mls viuk izf'k{k.k can
izfr ekg djuk iM+rk gS rks mls og laiw.kZ jkf'k fo|ky; dks
Nk= la?k ¼lnL;rk 'kqYd½ #- 60@ ykSVkuh iM+sxh tks mlus izf'k{k.k dh lekfIr ls iwoZ esa
& izfr ekg izkIr dh FkhA
O;k;ke d{kkvksa dh os'kHkw”kk
gsrq jkf'k #- 1500@
& ¼yxHkx½ chek
:Ik lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k #- 2000@& p;fur mEehnokjksa dks ,d tksf[+ke doj ikWfylh ds
¼lek;ksT;½ varxZr yk;k tkrk gS ftlds fy, mUgsa vko';d
Tk+ekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k #- 9000@& izhfe;e jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gS tksfd yxHkx #-
¼[+kkrksa ds vafre fuiVku ds ckn izR;iZ.kh;½ 150@& ls #- 200@& lkykuk ds chp gks ldrh gSA
Yks[ku lkexzh #- 1650@& fo|ky; bl chek doj ls ckgj dksbZ Hkh vU; ft+Eesnkjh
ugha ysrkA
Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYd
dk;Z le;
Nk=kokl fdjk;k #- 200@& lkekU;r% d{kk,a izkr% 8 cts ls lk;a 6 cts rd pyrh
izfrekg gSa ftlesa pk; vkSj e/;kg~u Hkkstu dk vodk'k Hkh
fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd #- 100@& 'kkfey gSA iwokZH;kl vkSj vU; iz;ksxkRed dk;Z 'kke dks
izfr ekg ¼Ikz;ksx ds fglkc ls lek;ksT;½ vko';d le; vkSj fLFkfr ds vuqlkj rFkk vodk'k ds vodk'k
fnuksa esa Hkh fd, tkrs gSaA izR;sd 'kSf{kd o”kZ dks nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS%
fpfdRlk 'kqYd #- 100@&
izFke l= e/; tqykbZ ls e/; fnlEcj rd ftlds mijkar
izfr ekg
e/; fnlacj ls e/; tuojh rd 'khrkodk'k jgrk gS vkSj
eSl 'kqYd ¼nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu½ #- 1350@&
nwljk l= e/; tuojh ls e/; ebZ rd ftlds mijkar
izfr ekg ¼gj eghus fHkUu gksus dh laHkkouk½
e/; ebZ ls e/; tqykbZ rd xzzh”ekodk'k jgrk gSA fo'ks”k
Nk=ksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fo|ky; }kjk blesa ifjorZu ;k dVkSrh dh
Hkh rjg dh d+her o`f)@mijksDr enksa esa c<+ksrjh gsrq #-
tk ldrh gSA
1000@& dk vfrfjDr izko/kku j[ksaA
Hkkstu rFkk vkokl
yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vyx&vyx Nk=kokl gSaA
Nk=ksa ds vkokl dh O;oLFkk ,d dejs esa nks&nks Nk=ksa
vFkok MkWjesVªh ¼'k;ukxkj½ izd`fr dh gksrh gSA lHkh Nk=ksa
ds fy, Nk=kokl esa jguk vfuok;Z gSA
58 59
19
 lkekU; lwpuk
mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;e
fo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, izFke o”kZ ds Nk=ksa
dh d{kkvksa] iwokZH;kl vkSj izLrqfr ds nkSjku ¼izkr%dkyhu
d{kkvksa lfgr½ de&ls&de 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr gksuk
vko';d gSA f}rh; ,oa r`rh; o”kZ ds izR;sd lewg ds fy,
Nk=ksa dh vfHku;] izLrqfr] lkfgR; vkSj eap f'kYi dh d{kkvksa
esa dqy feykdj 75 izfr'kr vkSj iwokZH;kl ,oa izkr%dkyhu
d{kkvksa esa 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr vko';d gSA
mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvksa ds fy, le;c)rk
vfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuksa rd yxkrkj d{kk esa nsj ls vkus vFkok
rhu d{kkvksa esa vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr ds
cjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k
izLrqr fd, tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;qZDr
U;wure~ mifLFkfr esa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA
Nk=ksa dh mifLFkfr ds mi;ZqDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= ds
vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ksa dks
ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky;
esa viuh Ik<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr jg tk,axsA
fo|ky; ds MkWDVj }kjk fn, x, mfpr LokLF; izek.k i= ds
vHkko esa fdlh Hkh Nk= dks rhu fnu ls vf/kd dk
fpfdRlk&vodk'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
vU; fu;e
Nk=ksa dks fo|ky; ds ckgj fdlh Hkh rjg ds vU;
izf'k{k.k dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks ckgj dh lkoZtfud izLrqfr;ksa esa Hkkx ysus
;k mUgsa Lohdkj djus] pkgs og 'kkSfd+;k ;k O;kolkf;d
jaxeap gksa vFkok jsfM;ks] Vsyhfot+u ;k fQ+Yesa gksa] dh
vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
v/;;u ds nkSjku Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh rjg dk jkst+xkj
djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks vkpkj&fopkj rFkk e;kZnk dks vuq'kkflr
djus okys fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vkpj.k djuk gksxkA
v'kksHkuh; O;ogkj dk nks”kh ik, tkus okys fdlh Hkh Nk=
dks fuyafcr ;k fu”dkflr dj fn;k tk,xkA
fo|ky; ifjlj esa efnjk dk lsou loZFkk oftZr gSA
funs'kd dh iwokZuqefr ds fcuk Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh
d{kk] O;k[;ku vFkok iwokZH;kl esa vfrfFk;ksa vkSj fe=ksa dks
vkeaf=r djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
60
20
Nk=ksa ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd mUgsa tks Hkh Hkwfedk
nh tk,] os mldk fu”iknu djsaA mUgsa iwokZH;kl esa
lgHkkfxrk djuh gksxh vkSj f'k{kdksa vkSj funsZ'kdksa dh
vis{kkuqlkj viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa dks vius fy, fufnZ”V lHkh vko';d iqLrdksa]
lkt&lkeku vFkok midj.kksa dh Lo;a O;oLFkk djuh
gksxhA bl rjg dh lkexzh fo|ky; ds HkaMkj esa Hkh
miyC/k gksrh gS ftldh d+her dh fo|kFkhZ dh Nk=o`fŸk
ls dVkSrh dh tkrh gSA
Nk=ksa dks Nk=kokl] eSl rFkk iqLrdky; ls lacaf/kr
lHkh fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa }kjk bu fu;eksa dks rksM+us dh fLFkfr esa muds
fo#) vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh dh tk,xhA
jSfxax ij izfrca/k
pqus x, Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa dks Nk=ksa ds vPNs vkpj.k dk fo'okl fnykus gsrq fu/kkZfjr izi= esa ,d
opu nsuk gksxkA bl opu dk mYya?ku djus ij mfpr dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gS ftlesa
fuyacu@fu”dklu Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrk gSA mPp U;k;ky; ds MCY;w- ih- ¼lh½ la- 656@1998 fnukad 4-5-
2001 ds vkns'kkuqlkj bl rjg dk opu fn, tkus dh vko';drk gS] ftldk lacaf/kr Hkkx fuEu izdkj ls
rS;kj fd;k x;k gS %
^^izos'k gsrq foKkiu izdkf'kr djrs le; ls gh laLFkku }kjk jSfxax ds fo#) eqfge
vkjaHk dj nh tkuh pkfg,A izos'k gsrq fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, tkjh dh tkus okyh
foojf.kdk] vkosnu i= vkSj@;k vU; fyf[kr lkexzh esa Li”V rkSj ij ;g mfYyf[kr
fd;k tk, fd laLFkku esa jSfxax iw.kZr% izfrcaf/kr gS vkSj tks Hkh dksbZ jSfxax esa 'kkfey
ik;k tk,xk mldks ;Fkksfpr naM fn;k tk,xkA ,sls naM esa laLFkku ls fu”dklu]
laLFkku ;k d{kkvksa ls lhfer vof/k ds fy, fuyacu ;k tqekZus ds lkFk&lkFk
lkoZtfud rkSj ij {kek&;kpuk 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA fuEu rjhd+s Hkh naM esa 'kkfey
fd, tk ldrs gSa %
¼1½ Nk=o`fŸk ;k vU; izdkj ds ykHkksa ij jksd
¼2½ xfrfof/k;ksa esa izn'kZu ls oafpr gksuk
¼3½ ifj.kke ij jksd
¼4½ Nk=kokl ;k eSl vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ls fuyacu ;k fu”dkluA
;fn jSfxax dks jksdus gsrq dksbZ d+kuwu miyC/k gks ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dh
lafof/k@v/;kns'k dk izko/kku gks rks mls izos'k pkgus oys fo|kFkhZ o mlds ekrk&firk
dks fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k@ukekadu gsrq Nius okys vkosnu izi= esa
,d 'kiFk i= gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa jSfxax ;k
jSfxax djus ij Nk=ksa dks feyus okys naM ds ckjs
esa vkSj jSafxax ds izfr laLFkku ds n`f”Vdks.k ds ckjs
esa tkudkjh gks vkSj tks vH;FkhZ }kjk Hkjk vkSj
gLrk{kfjr fd;k tk,A blh rjg dk ,d 'kiFk
i= vkosnd ds ekrk&firk@vfHkHkkod ls Hkh
fy;k tkuk pkfg,A
,sls laLFkku tks fd bl rjg dh iz.kkyh igyh
ckj vius laLFkku esa vkjEHk dj jgs gksa] ;g
lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd vxyk 'kS{kf.kd o”kZ@l=
izkjaHk gksus ls iwoZ os laLFkku esa igys ls gh
v/;;u dj jgs Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa ls
Hkh mDr 'kiFk i= izkIr dj ysaA**
61
 lkekU; lwpuk
ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.k
Nk=ksa dks dsoy d{kk dk;ksZa gsrq fo|ky; ls MªkWbax isij] ekmaV cksMZ
vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks”k lkexzh Nk=ksa dks Lo;a
[+kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+sa j[kus ds fy, gj Nk= dks
,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ksa dks vko';d
ikB~;&iqLrdsa o :Ik&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [+kjhnuh gksxh ftudh dqy
d+her yxHkx 3000@& #- gksxhA
ijh{kk] ewY;kadu rFkk d{kksUufr
Nk=ksa dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds var esa ;kfu fd igys vkSj nwljs o”kZ ds var esa gksxhA rhljs o”kZ ds NBs l= ds var
esa Nk= mŸkh.kZ gksaxsA vafre ifj.kke esa Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad fcanq&vkSlr ¼dqy vad½ 'kkfey gksaxsA
ijh{kk mŸkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izR;sd fo”k; esa 40 izfr'kr vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA ;fn dksbZ Nk=
fdUgha nks fo”k;ksa esa 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl 'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh
fd mlds mu fo”k;ksa dk dk;Z lkewfgd izÑfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gSaA blfy,
;fn dksbZ Nk= izLrqfr ;k fdlh ,sls fo”k; tks lkewfgd izÑfr dk gS] esa lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50
izfr'kr ls de vad izkIr fd, gSaArks ,slh fLFkfr esa vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk
iM+sxkA

izR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk,xk] Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo”k; esa vuqŸkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj
ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvksa vkSj izLrqfr;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh ik¡posa l= esa yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf”kZd ijh{kk dh vad x.kuk esa tksM+s tk,axsA
Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= esa rFkk ijh{kk esa muds }kjk fd, x,
izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk,xkA fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor~ leh{kk djus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eksa esa
ls vxys l= rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ksa ds ewY;kaduksa dks /;ku esa vko';d ifjorZu djus gsrq iw.kZ :Ik ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ esa Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ck/; gksaxsA
j[kk tk,xkA dqy izkIr vadksa ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvksa esa
Nk=ksa }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo”k;ksa esa izkIr dqy vadksa ds vkSlr
ds 50 izfr'kr vad l=kar ijh{kkvksa esa muds }kjk izkIr dqy vadksa ds 50
izfr'kr esa tksM+s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o”kZ esa fd;k tk,xkA fMIyksek dh
;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, r`rh; o vafre o”kZ esa izR;sd o”kZ esa izkIr vadksa
dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA

lHkh ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;kaduksa dks ¼izR;sd fo”k; esa 100 vad½ vad iz.kkyh
ds rgr vad i= esa n'kkZ;k tk,xkA

62 63
 foLrkj dk;ZØe
foLrkj dk;ZØe
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk esa rhu o”khZ; ,dh—r
izf'k{k.k iznku djkrk gSA rnqijkar LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek Vh-vkbZ-bZ-] f=iqjk
iznku fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd bl izf'k{k.k esa izR;sd Nk=
dks ukV~;&dyk ds cqfu;knh rRoksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS 2012 esa] fo|ky; }kjk vxjryk] f=iqjk esa lwpuk vkSj
vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :Ik ls /;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% lkaLÑfrd ekeys o mPp f'k{kk foHkkx] f=iqjk ljdkj ds
vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ksa rd lhfer j[kk x;k gS ftlds pyrs lg;ksx ls jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ¼Vh-vkbZ-bZ- bdkbZ½] f=iqjk
fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus ds bPNqd vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA ;g bdkbZ f'k{kk esa jaxeap ds fo”k; esa
fo|ky; esa iznŸk izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUor ugha gks ikrsA ,d o”khZ; vkoklh; izek.ki= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk gS
ftlds fy, f=iqjk o 'ks”k Hkkjr ls Nk=ksa dks fy;k tkrk gSA
bu jaxdfeZ;ksa rd igq¡pus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap ds ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; fo|ky;ksa ds fy, jax&f'k{kd vkSj Vh-
izfr tkx:drk iSnk djus dh n`f”V ls jk”Vªh; ukV~; vkb-bZ- dh fofo/k xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, dykdkj rS;kj djuk
fo|ky; us 1978 esa vYidkfyd v/;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; gSA
Hkk”kkvksa easa ukV~; izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr
fiNys 30 ls Hkh T+;knk o”kksZa esa fo|ky; us bl rjg ds
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ns'k ds yxHkx gj {ks= esa vk;ksftr fd,
gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusd xgu izLrqfrijd rFkk
fo”k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gSaA
fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;ZØe dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`<+ djus
ds mÌs'; ls ns'k ds 4&6 {ks=ksa esa {ks=h; lalk/ku dsUnz
LFkkfir djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k Fkk ftlds rgr 1994
esa igyk dsUnz] cSaxyq: esa LFkkfir dj dukZVd] vka/kz izns'k]
rfeyukMq] dsjy rFkk ik¡fMpsjh tSls jkT;ksa dks blds
varxZr yk;k x;kA

flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz

ns'k ds mŸkj&iwohZ Hkkxksa esa vius izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk
foLrkj djrs gq, fo|ky; }kjk 2011 esa xaxVksd] flfDde esa
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g jaxdyk esa ,d o”khZ; vkoklh;
izek.ki= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk gSA leLr ikB~;Øe dk
mÌs'; izfrHkkfx;ksa dks vfHku; ds lkFk&lkFk rduhdh
igyqvksa eas izf'k{k.k iznku djuk gSA blds vykok] dsUnz
flfDde vkSj vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa eas jax dk;Z'kkykvksa dk
vk;kstu Hkh djrk gSA 2012 esa] dsUnz esa izf'kf{kr Nk=ksa dh
lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k
dsUnz esa jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh xbZ gSA

64 65
 ukV~; egksRlo
Hkkjr jax egksRlo
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us Ms<+ n'kd iwoZ ns'k ds jaxdeZ ds
fodkl vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, Hkkjr jax egksRlo dh 'kq:vkr
dhA vius izkjfEHkd nkSj esa bl ukV~;ksRlo eas Hkkjrh;
jaxdfeZ;ksa dh izLrqfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu
fiNys dqN o”kksZa ls blesa fo'o ds vU; Hkkxksa ls Hkh ukV~;
izLrqfr;ksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkus yxk gS vkSj vkt ;g
,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k ukV~; lekjksg cu pqdk gSA
jk”Vªh;&varjkZ”Vªh; izLrqfr;ksa@izn'kZuksa ds eapu gksus ds
lkFk&lkFk Nk;kfp= izn'kZfu;k¡] iqjLdkj lekjksg] funsZ'kdksa
vkSj dykdkjksa ds lkFk vke turk o vU; O;kolkf;d
jaxdfeZ;ksa dh vUrjax ckrphr] ifjlaokn vkfn bl lekjksg
dk vfHkUu vax gSaA jaxeap ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ;g vR;ar
ykHkdkjh vk;kstu fl) gqvk gSA ns'k&fons'k dh
jax'kSfy;ksa@izo`fŸk;ksa dk jlkLoknu djus ds vykok Nk=ksa
dks fofHkUu ukV~;nyksa ds lkFk feyus dk volj rks izkIr
gksrk gh gS] Lo;a Nk=ksa }kjk vk;ksftr ^ehV n Mk;jsDVj*
dk;ZØe esa izk;% lHkh ukVdksa ds funsZ'kdksa ls [kqyh ckrphr
dk ekSd+k Hkh feyrk gSA
66
cky&laxe
izR;sd nwljs o”kZ laLdkj jax Vksyh ,d jk”Vªh; Lrj dk mRlo vk;ksftr djrh gS] ftldk Lo:Ik
ewyr% ,d lkaLÑfrd esys dh rjg gksrk gS vkSj mÌs'; 'kSf{kdA cky laxe esa ikjEifjd dyk
ifjokjksa] xq#&f'k”; ijEijk vFkok laLFkkuksa ds cPps fofHkUu ikjEifjd yksd dykvksa dk izn'kZu
djrs gSaA cky laxe dk izeq[k mÌs'; cPpksa dks viuh ikjEifjd yksd dykvksa ls tqM+s jgus ds
fy, izksRlkfgr djuk gS rkfd vkt ds bl rst+h ls cnyrs ;qx esa gekjh lkaLÑfrd /kjksgj
lajf{kr jg ik,A
lekukUrj ukV~;ksRlo
Hkkjr jax egksRlo ds nkSjku gh ns'k ds fdlh vU; 'kgj esa
blds ,d y?kq laLdj.k dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa
eq[; lekjksg ls pqus 10&15 ukVdksa dk eapu fd;k tkrk gSA
bl lekukUrj ukV~;ksRlo ds ek/;e ls Hkkjaxe dh ifjf/k dk
rks foLrkj gksrk gh gS] mldk vkLokn fnYyh ds ckgj ds
jaxizsfe;ksa dks Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA vc rd ;g lekUkkUrj mRlo
cSaxyq:] dksydkrk] y[kuÅ] Hkksiky] psUubZ] t;iqj vkSj
ve`rlj esa vk;ksftr fd;k tk pqdk gSA lu~ 2014 esa ;g
mŸkj&iwoZ ds nks 'kgjksa bEQ+ky vkSj xqokgkVh esa vk;ksftr
fd;k x;k FkkA
t'u&,&cpiu
bl ukV~; lekjksg esa ns'k ds fofHkUu izkUrksa vkSj Hkk”kkvksa ds ,sls ukV~; ny lfEefyr gksrs
gSa tks cPpksa ds fy, vFkok cPpksa }kjk fd, tk jgs jaxdeZ ls tqM+s gksaA ofj”B] vuqHkoh
ukV~; funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk&lkFk uoksfnr izfrHkk,a Hkh viuh izLrqfr;ksa dk eapu bl ukV~;
lekjksg esa djrh gSaA
bu rhu ukV~;ksRloksa ds vfrfjDr] fo|ky; le;&le; ij] jaxeap ds lao/kZu ds fy,
dbZ vU; lekjksgksa dk Hkh vk;kstu djrk gSA
67
 laLdkj jax Vksyh jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
laLdkj jax Vksyh
laLdkj jax Vksyh] tks fd igys fFk,Vj bu ,tqds'ku daiuh ds uke ls tkuh tkrh Fkh] dh LFkkiuk vDVwcj 1989 esa dh
xbZ Fkh] ftldk mÌs'; cPpksa ¼8&17 o”kZ½ dks jaxeap ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk iznku djuk gSA vius bl mÌs'; dh iwfrZ ds fy,
Vksyh fuEu dk;Z djrh gS %&

fo'ks”k :Ik ls fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa ds fy, ifjdfYir l`tu'khy ikB~;ppkZ vkSj lgHkkfxrk okys ukVdksa dh
vyx&vyx fo|ky;ksa esa izLrqfrA
f'k{kdksa ds fy, o”kZ Hkj izf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djukA
d{kk@f'k{k.k izfØ;k dks izHkkoh o lq[kn cukus ds mÌs'; ls d{kk fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, fo'ks”k dkS'ky dk fodklA
cPpksa ds fy, xzh”edkyhu xgu jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk ¼ebZ&twu½ ,oa 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc ¼vxLr&fnlacj½ dk lnL;
cukdj mUgsa jaxeap ds ek/;e ls izf'k{k.k iznku djukA bu dk;Z'kkykvksa o 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc }kjk jaxeap rFkk
lac) dykvksa ds ek/;e ls Vksyh dk mÌs'; cPpksa ds lexz O;fDrRo dk fodkl djuk gSA

jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy] fo|ky; dk ,d izLrqfr Lda/k gSA blds varxZr dykdkjksa dk ,d ny ftlesa vf/kdka'kr% fo|ky; ds gh
Lukrd gSa] dk;Z djrk gSA jaxeaMy dk eq[; dk;Z fnYyh vkSj ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa jaxeap izsfe;ksa ds fy, mPp&dykRed
izfreku okys ukVdksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj mudk fu;fer izn'kZu djuk gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa gqbZ vkSj vc rd blds }kjk 90
ukVddkjksa ds 150 ukVd iznf'kZr fd, tk pqds gSa vkSj blds dykdkjksa dks ns'k o fons'k ds 65 tkus&ekus funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk
dke djus dk lqvolj Hkh izkIr gqvk gSA o”kZ 2014 jaxeaMy dh Lo.kZ T;arh ds :Ik esa euk;k tk jgk gSA

68 69
 ladk;
fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ v/;{k fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd
Jh lkrq lsu ¼1959&61½
*MkW- ih- oh- jkteUukj ¼1959&61½ Jh bZ- vYdkT+kh ¼1962&77½
*Ekgkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj ¼1961&65½ Jh c- o- dkjar ¼1977&82½
*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh ¼1967&72½ izks- ch- ,e- 'kkg ¼1982&84½
*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu ¼1972&77½ izks- eksgu egf”kZ ¼1984&86½
Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksik/;k; ¼1977&78½ Jh jru fFk;e ¼1987&88½
Jh ,y- ,e- fla?koh ¼1978&82½ izks- ¼lqJh½ dhfrZ tSu ¼1988&95½
lqJh 'kkark xka/kh ¼1982&86½ izks- jkexksiky ctkt ¼1995&2001½
MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh ¼1986&88½ izks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj ¼2001&2007½
Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk ¼1988&92½ MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj ¼2007&2013½
MkW- ih- lh- tks'kh ¼1992&96½
MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj ¼1996&2001½
Jh vuqie [ksj ¼2001&2004½
Jherh vkeky vYykuk ¼2005&2013½ orZeku inkf/kdkjh
v/;{k % Jh jru fFk;e
funs'kd% izks- okeu dsUnzs

*tc jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa Fkk rc vdknseh ds
v/;{k] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Hkh la;qDr :Ik ls v/;{k FksA

70 71
 ladk;
jru fFk;e
v/;{k] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls ukV~; dyk ds Lukrd jru
fFk;e ,d vfHkdYid] laxhr funsZ'kd] dksfj;ksxzkQ+j]
izdk'k&ifjdYid] oL= foU;kldkj] f'kYidkj] ukVddkj]
fp=dkj ,oa dfo gSaA 'kkL=h; ijEijkvksa vkSj ledkyhu
izo`fŸk;ksa ds lfEeyu ls rS;kj viuh vHkwriwoZ ukV~;
izLrqfr;ksa ds dkj.k vkt vkidh fxurh fo'o dh pqfuUnk
jax'kf[+l;rksa esa gksrh gSA
viuh tUeHkwfe bEQ+ky esa vkius dksjl jsiVªhZ fFk,Vj
dEiuh dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1976 esa dh] ftlds rRoko/kku esa
vc rd 50 ls Hkh vf/kd ekSfyd] vuwfnr vFkok
:ikUrfjr fo'oLrjh; ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dk funsZ'ku vki
dj pqds gSaA ^pØO;wg*] ^m#Hkaxe~*] ^mŸkj&fiz;nf'kZuh*]
^va/kk;qx*] ^gs uqaxf'kch i`Foh* vkSj ^ukbu fgYl ou oSyh*
vkfn vkidh egRoiw.kZ ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ gSa] ftuds izn'kZu
fo'o ds lHkh izeq[k jax dsUnzksa esa gq, gSaA
72
jaxeap esa vkids ;ksxnku ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us vkidks
in~eJh ¼1989½ dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;kA lu~ 2012
esa vkidks jaxeap ds loksZPp lEeku ^laxhr ukVd
vdkneh Q+Syks* ds f[+krkc ls uokt+k x;kA vkidks izkIr
vU; iqjLdkjksa@lEekuksa esa mYs[kuh; gSa & bUMks&xzhd
ÝS+UMf'ki vokWMZ ¼xzhl] 1989½] laxhr ukVd vdkneh
iqjLdkj ¼1987½] fÝ+Ut Q+LVZ] ,fMucjk b.Vjus'kuy
fFk,Vj vokWMZ ¼1987½ fMIyksek vkWQ+ losZUrhuks
b.VjuS'kuy Q+SfLVoy ¼eSfDldks] 1990½] ukUnhdkj lEeku
¼1992½] yk xzkUn eSnys ¼Ý+kal] 1997½] b.VjuS'kuy eSu
vkWQ+ n bZ;j bu n Q+hYM vkWQ+ fFk,Vj ,.M g~;weSfuT+e
¼1998&99½] ch- ,e- 'kkg vokWMZ ¼2000½] ] c- o- dkjar
Le`fr iqjLdkj ¼2004½] dkfynkl lEeku ¼2006½] ,u bZ
Vh oh ihiYl pkWbZl voWkMZ ¼2006½ flÅ&dk&Qk jk”Vªh;
iqjLdkj ¼2006½] Lo- gkokbZcke uhyef.k flaag iqjLdkj
¼2007½] fFk,Vj lsaVj vokWMZ ¼2007½ tkWu Mh- jkWdQ+Syj
vokWMZ ¼,f'k;u dYpjy dkmfUly] U;w;kWdZ] 2007½]
vYdkt+h Q+km.Ms'ku vokWMZ ¼2008½] fØfVDl Q+ksje vokWMZ
¼2008½] ef.kiqj jkT; dyk vdkneh dk lkfgR; vokWMZ
¼2010½] peu yky eseksfj;y ykbZQ+ VkbZe vphoeSaV
vokWMZ ¼ubZ fnYyh] 2011½] Hkjr eqfu lEeku ¼2011½]
f}rh; Hkwisu gt+kfjdk jk”Vªh; iqjLdkj ¼2013½] ukyUnk
Hkjr eqfu lEeku ¼2013½ vkfnA
johUnz Hkkjrh fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrk us lu~ 2008 esa
rFkk xqokgkVh fo'ofo|ky; us lu~ 2010 eas vkidks Mh-
fyV- dh ekun mikf/k;k¡ Hkh iznku dhaA vle
fo'ofo|ky; us Hkh vkidks Mh- fyV- dh ekun mikf/k ls
lEekfur fd;k gSA
,f'k;u vkV~Zl Q+SfLVoy ¼gkWUxdkWUx½ vkSj ;w-ds- rFkk ;w-
,l- ,l- vkj- esa vk;ksftr Q+SfLVoy vkWQ+ bf.M;k ,oa
Hkkjr esa vk;ksftr Q+SfLVoy vkWQ+ Ý+kal esa vkius crkSj
ifjdYid] dksfj;ksxzkQ+j vkSj izLrqdrkZ Hkkxhnkjh dhA
teZuh esa vk;ksftr Q+SfLVoy vkWQ+ bf.M;k ds vki dyk
funsZ'kd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk mlds ifjdYid rFkk
dksfj;ksxzkQ+j Hkh FksA
izks- okeu dsUnzs
funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
dyk Lukrd rFkk MkW- vacsMdj ejkBokM+k fo'ofo|ky;]
vkSjaxkckn ls ukV~;dyk dk ,d o”khZ; izoh.krk
lfVZfQ+dsV izkIr izks- okeu dsUnzs lu~ 1982 cSp ds jk-uk-
fo- Lukrd gSaA jk-uk-fo- funs'kd dk in~Hkkj xzg.k djus
ls iwoZ vki eqacbZ fo'ofo|ky; dh ,dsMeh vkWQ+ fFk,Vj
vkV~Zl ds izksQs+lj o funs'kd in ij lu~ 2003 ls 2013
rd dk;Zjr FksA
rhl o”kksZa ds nh?kZ f'k{k.k vuqHko ds lkFk&lkFk vki
jaxeap ds fofo/k fo”k;ksa dh ns'k o fons'k esa 205 ls
vf/kd ukV~; dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu o v/;kiu dj
pqds gSaA dsjy ds yksd o vkuq”Bkfud jaxeap ij O;ogkj
tfur 'kks/kdk;Z djus ds vykok ,u-lh-ih-,-] eqEcbZ ds
fFk,Vj MsoyiesUV lsUVj esa vki lk<+s ukS o”kZ rd 'kks/k
lgk;d ds :Ik esa dk;Z dj pqds gSaA vki uS'kuy lsUVj
Q+kWj ijQ+kWfeZax vkV~Zl] eqEcbZ fo'ofo|ky; vkSj jaxihB]
eqacbZ tSls laLFkkuksa dh iz'kklfud o laxBukRed
xfrfof/k;ksa esa yxkrkj lfØ; jgs gSaA
vki vusd ijke'kZ lfefr;ksa o 'kkldh; fudk;ksa ds lnL;
jgs gSa] ftuesa izeq[k gSa & fot+u Iyku desVh ¼jk-uk-fo-½]
jkT; ejkBh fodkl laLFkk ¼egkjk”Vª jkT; ljdkj½] ijke'kZ
lfefr ukVd foHkkx ¼jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj½]
xofuZax dkmafly rFkk ,fXt+D;wfVo desVh ¼if'pe {ks=
lkaLÑfrd dsUnz] mn;iqj½] ,dSMfed dkmafly ¼eqacbZ
fo'ofo|ky;½] fot+u Iyku desVh ¼xksok jkT; ljdkj½]
vkdk'kok.kh o nwjn'kZu dh ijke'kZ lfefr ¼Hkkjr ljdkj½]
lkslk;Vh ,.M xofuZax dkmafly ¼,l-vkj-,Q-Vh-vkbZ-vkbZ-½A
vki Hkkjr ljdkj ds Iykfuax deh'ku dh izn'kZudkjh
dykvksa dh X;kjgoha iapo”khZ; ;kstuk ds Hkh lnL; gSaA
vkids }kjk funsZf'kr ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa esa T+kqyok ¼2005½]
e/;e O;k;ksx ¼2004½] tkuseu ¼jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy 2002½]
VSEiV eh ukWV ¼,u-lh-ih-,-] 1992½ uVh xksrh ¼1990½] x/ks
dh ckjkr ¼,l-vkj-lh-] 1988½] yM+h ut+fj;k ¼jk-uk-fo-]
1994½] lSa;k Hk, dksroky rFkk jktn'kZu ¼ bIVk]
eqacbZ&1983 ,oa 86½ vkt Hkh lekt ds ,sls rcd+ksa ds
laosnu'khy fp=.k ds fy, ehy dk iRFkj le>h tkrh gSa]
ftuds fo”k; esa dksbZ ckr ugha djuk pkgrkA vkids ukVd
pkj fnol izseps dk 1000oka izn'kZu & 1 ebZ] 2009 dks
gqvkA egkjk”Vª ljdkj dh lu~ 1989 dh O;kolkf;d ukV~;
Li/kkZ esa Js”B ukVd ,oa Js”B funsZ'ku ds rhuksa iqjLdkj
thrus ds vkids dhfrZeku dks vkt rd dksbZ vU; funsZk’d
rksM+ ugha ik;k gSA jaxeap ds {ks= esa vkidh cgqeq[kh izfrHkk
ds fy, vkidks dbZ iqjLdkjksa@lEekuksa ls uokt+k x;k gS]
ftuesa izeq[k gSa & laxhr ukVd vdkneh dk ukV~;&funsZ'ku
dk lEeku ¼2012½ izFke euksgj flag Le`fr iqjLdkj ¼2004½]
eaqcbZ ejkBh xzUFk laxzgky; iqjLdkj ¼1989½] egkjk”Vª
ljdkj jkT; iqjldkj ¼8 ckj½] lg;ksx QkmaMs'ku vokWMZ
¼1999½] ejkBokM+k xkSjo iqjLdkj ¼2002½ egkjk”Vª VkbEl
vokWMZ ¼2006½] ukV~; niZ.k iqjLdkj ¼1989] 1992] 1996½]
in~eJh n;k iokj Le`fr iqjLdkj ¼2007½ rFkk fi;k ckojh
ds fy, Js”B laxhr dk jkT; iqjLdkjA
73
 ladk;
vfHku;
f=iqjkfj 'kekZ
çksQ+slj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls vaxzst+h esa Lukrd vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls funsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrk
ds lkFk fMIyksek çkIr f=iqjkfj 'kekZ dbZ ukVdksa dk ys[ku&funsZ'ku djus ds
vykok ns'k o fons'k dh vusd jax&eaMfy;ksa ls lac) jgh gSaA ,d ç[;kr
ukVddkj ds :i esa tgk¡ mUgksaus cgw rFkk dkB dh xkM+h tSls ukVd fy[ks gSa]
vusd Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR;d ukVdksa tSls fd va/kk;qx o v‚Fksyks dk vuqokn
fd;k gS ogha dbZ fQYeksa tSls fd ^fepZ elkyk* o ^gtkj pkSjklh dh ek¡ ds fy,
ys[ku dk;Z Hkh fd;k gSA mUgksaus 1986 esa vesfjdk esa vk;ksftr igys varjkZ"Vªh;
efgyk ukVddkj lEesyu esa Hkkjr dk çfrfuf/kRo fd;kA og ukSVadh] [;ky]
iaMokuh tSlh yksd&'kSfy;ksa ds lkFk dke dj pqdh gSaA muds ukVdksa dk ns'k dh
fofHkUu; Hkk"kkvksa] vaxzsth rFkk ^dkB dh xkM+h* dk ÝSap esa vuqokn gqvk gSA mUgsa
jaxeap esa fof'k”V dk;Z gsrq 1986 esa laL—fr iqjLdkj] 1990 esa fnYyh ukVî la?k
lEeku vkSj m-ç- laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds lQ+nj gk'keh iqjLdkj ls lEekfur
fd;k x;k gSA çks- 'kekZ Hkkjr dh mu 99 fof'k"V efgykvksa esa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa ,d
varjkZ"Vªh; igy }kjk ^ukscsy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ds fy, gt+kj efgyk,a* ds fy,
ukfer fd;k x;k gSA
gsek flag
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;
gsek flag tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h gSa] jk-uk-fo- ds bafVxzsVsM dkslZ ¼1982½ dh Lukrd
gSa vkSj jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy ds lkFk nl o”kksZa rd dke dj pqdh gSaA vkius vc rd
ns'k&fons'k ds [;kruke funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk ipkl ls vf/kd izeq[k Hkwfedkvksa esa
vfHku; fd;k gSA ikjlh fFk,Vj rFkk eap ij dkO;&izLrqfr ds {ks= esa muds
uoksUes”kdkjh dk;Z dks fo'ks”k iz'kalk feyh gSA ikjlh 'kSyh esa 15 ukVdksa dh izLrqfr
ds vykok vkius vusd vU; 'kSfy;ksa ds ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k gSA vkius
jaxeap laca/kh vusd fo'ys”k.kkRed ys[k fy[ks gSa] ukVdksa dk vuqokn fd;k gS vkSj
fgUnh nSfud ^tulŸkk* dh ukV~;&leh{kd Hkh jgh gSaA fLVªUMcxZ ds ukVd ^v
Mªhe Iys* dk vkidk vuqokn dsUnzh; lkfgR; vdkneh us izdkkf'kr fd;k FkkA
vkius ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] Vsyhfot+u o jsfM;ks ds fy, fLØIV~l fy[kh gSaA jk-uk-fo-]
Jhjke lsUVj] e- iz- ukV~; fo|ky; rFkk HkkjrsUnq ukV~; vdkneh vkfn esa vki
ok.kh ,oa laHkk”k.k dh vfrfFk ladk; gSaA vki baXySaM] vkWLVªsfy;k] iksyS.M] teZuh]
osYl] ekWfj'kl rFkk Jhyadk esa ukV~; dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu o vfHku; dj
pqdh gSaA o”kZ 2008 esa jk-uk-fo- }kjk izfrf”Br ^euksgj flag Le`fr vokWMZ* ls
lEekfur dh tk pqdh gSaA /kkjkokfgd dSjh esa mudh ^bejrh nsoh* uked Hkwfedk
ds fy, mUgsa ^csLV ,DVªsl bu fuxsfVo jksy* Js.kh esa ^bafM;u Vsyhfot+u vdkneh
vokWMZ* fn;k x;kA
74
vCnqy yrhQ+ [kVkuk
,lksfl,V çksQslj] vfHku; o laLdkaj jax Vksyh çeq[k
1986 esa jk"Vªh; ukVî fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk Lukrd mikf/k çkIr
vCnqy yrhQ+ [kVkuk ns'k&fons'k esa çLrq~r dbZ ukVdksa dh ladYiuk] ys[ku o
funsZ'ku djus ds vykok vfHku; ij vusd dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu dj pqds gSaA vki
d'ehj fLFkr vnch laxr rFkk ukVî laLFkk fdjnkj ds laLFkkid gSaA os laLdkj jax
Vksyh ds laLFkkid vfHkusrk&f'k{kd Fks vkSj orZeku esa mlds çeq[k ds :i esa dk;Zjr
gSaA vkidks Vksyh ds igys jk"Vªh; jaxeap mRlo ^t'us&cpiu* o mlds ckn gq, cky
yksd dykdkjksa ds mRlo ^cky laxe* dh ladYiuk vkSj vk;kstu dk Js; tkrk gSA
Jh [kVkuk us Ldwyksa] laLFkkuksa vkSj xS+j ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij dk;Z
fd;k gS vkSj cPpksa ds fy, jaxeap@ukVd dh vko';drk dks dbZ Lrjksa ij js[kkafdr
fd;k gSA vkius ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ds fy, 1&12oha d{kk ds cPpksa gsrq jaxeap@ukVd
laca/kh ikBîØe rS;kj djus esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
fnus'k [kUuk
,lksfl,V çksQs+lj] vfHku;
y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd o Hkkjrsanq ukVî vdknseh y[kuÅ ls vfHku; esa
fMIyksek vkSj jk"Vªh; ukVî fo|ky; ls 1986 esa vfHku; esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek çkIr
fnus'k [kUuk fiNys chl o"kksaZ ls vfHku;] funsZ'ku] f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr gSaA lkfgR;
,oa vuqokn esa mudh fo'ks"k #fp gS vkSj jaxeap ij dbZ vkys[k fy[k pqds gSaA ^dqN vkalw
dqN Qwy* o ^vfHku; fparu* mudh çdkf'kr iqLrdsa gSaA
jRuk if.kDdj
,lksfl,V çksQ+slj] laxhr
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls dukZVd laxhr esa Lukrd o LukrdksÙkj mikf/k çkIr jRuk
if.kDdj us ^fgUnqLrkuh vkSj dukZVd jkx ç.kkyh dk rqyukRed v/;;u* fo"k; ds lkFk
Hkkjrh; laxhr esa eækl fo'ofo|ky; ls ih,p-Mh- dh gSA 1991 esa mUgksaus jk-uk-fo- esa
çoDrk ¼laxhr½ dk dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA mUgksaus ns'k&fons'k esa dbZ jax&laxhr laca/kh
dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu fd;k gSA og dukZVd laxhr dh 'kkL=h; xkf;dk ds rkSj ij
çfrf"Br gSa vkSj vusd ukVdksa esa laxhr funsZ'ku ds vykok fujkdkj laLFkk ds ukVdksa esa
vfHku; dj pqdh gSaA lqJh jRuk~ 2002 ls 2003 rd jk-uk-fo- esa ladk;k/¸{k ¼'kS{kf.kd½ ds
in ij jghaA
75
 ladk;
vfHku;
lqjs'k 'ksêh
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;&xfr lapkyu
1982 esa jk"Vªh; ukVî fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk fMIyksek çkIr
lqjs'k 'ksêh us jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy esa ,d vfHkusrk ds :i esa dk;Z fd;kA mUgksaus
jaxeaMy o vU; nyksa ds vusd ukVdksa esa eq[;~ Hkwfedk,a dh gSaA mUgksaus ekuo 'kjhj]
dBiqryh vkSj vU; –'; jaxeapksa ds lkFk O;kid ç;ksxkRed dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj
'kjhj dh Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;fDr dh ,d foLr`r fof/k fodflr dh gSA xfr
lapkyu vkSj ewdkfHku; dh vk/kqfud rduhd dk v/;;u djus ds fy, mUgksaus
Ý+kal dk nkSjk Hkh fd;kA
vfHkyk"k fiYyS
vfLlVSUV izksQ+slj] vfHku;
tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ls lu~ 2012 esa ih,p-Mh- rFkk jkMk]
yanu ls jax&çLrqfr vkSj eap çca/ku esa nks o”khZ; fMIyksek] jk-uk-fo- ls vfHkdYiu
o funsZ'ku esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek] dkyhdV fo'ofo|ky;] dsjy ls jaxeap
dykvksa esa Lukrd mikf/k izkIr vfHkyk”k fiYyS us ns'k&fons'k esa fofHkUu Hkk”kkvksa ds
ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k gS] Hkkjr vkSj baXySaM ds izeq[k izdk'kuksa esa ys[k fy[ks gSa
vkSj vusd lsfeukjksa o dk;Z'kkykvksa esa fgLlk fy;k gSA buds dk;ksZa esa 'kkL=h; ls
ysdj vk/kqfud rd gj rjg dh lkexzh 'kkfey jgrh gS ijUrq lHkh dks ,d
ledkyhu lkSUn;Zijd 'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA vki varjkZ”Vªh; lg;ksx ls
fufeZr dbZ izLrqfr;ksa esa izeq[k funsZ'kd jgs gSaA gky gh esa vkidh ladYiuk vkSj
funsZ'ku esa igyh ckj jk-uk-fo- us dsjy ds xzSaM ldZl ds lg;ksx ls ^DykmUl ,aM
DykmM~l* izLrqfr dk eapu fd;kA vki Hkkjr jax egksRlo ¼Hkkjr dk varjkZ”Vªh;
ukV~; lekjksg½ ds yxkrkj fiNys ik¡p o”kksZa rd rduhdh funsZ'kd jgs vkSj lu~
2009 ls dsjy esa gks jgs jk”Vªh;&varjkZ”Vªh; ukV~;ksRlo ds D;wjsVj@vkfVZfLVd
Mk;jsDVj gSaA Jh fiYyS us ^lh- ,u- JhdkUr uk;j & v fot+u ,.M fe'ku vkWQ+ v
fFk,Vj ,fDVfoLV* uked thou ifjpk;d iqLrd fy[kh gS ftls dsUnzh; lkfgR;
vdkneh us lu~ 2007 esa izdkf'kr fd;kA vki fnYyh ds vusd vxz.kh laLFkkuksa ds
fFk,Vj dkWEiysDlksa ds fuekZ.k esa lykgdkj] fMt+kbuj o vkfdZVsDV jg pqds gSaA
vusd ns'kh&fons'kh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds vfrfFk ladk; gSaA fnYyh o dsjy ds vU;kU;
fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds cksMZ vkWQ+ LVMht+ ds lnL; gSaA lu~ 2008 ls 11 rd vki jk-uk-
fo- ds 'kS{kf.kd ladk;k/;{k jgsA vki gh ds dk;Zdky esa jk-uk-fo- rFkk jkMk] yanu
ds chp Nk= fofue; dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk gqvkA
76
‘kkaruq cksl
ukV~; lkfgR;
vfLlVSUV izksQs+lj] fo'o jaxeap
ladk;k/;{k] 'kS{kf.kd
fiNys 28 o”kksZa esa dksydkrk o fnYyh esa 50 ls vf/kd ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dk l`tu dj pqds
'kkaruq cksl ^ckWMh&osnj* ¼'kjhj&izÑfr½ /kkjk ds jaxdehZ gSaA vf/kdrj iw.kZdkfyd
izLrqfr;ksa ds vykok vkius y?kq izLrqfr;k¡ Hkh eafpr dh gSa] ftuds izn'kZu ,f'k;k] ;wjksi o
vkWLVªsfy;k esa vusd LFkkuksa ij gq, gSaA vkidh fo'ks”k #fp cgqlaLÑfr ifjfLFkfr;ksa okys
,sls izn'kZu rS;kj djus esa gksrh gS tks ;q)] tSUMj ,oa foLFkkiu tSls eqÌksa ij dsfUnzr gksaA
v/;kiu ds lkFk&lkFk vkius fQ+Yeksa ds fy, n`'; fuekZ.k dk dke fd;k gS vkSj xSyjh
vk/kkfjr n`';&dyk dk;ksZa esa fMftVy rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr
çksQs+lj] jaxeap LFkkiR;
jk-uk-fo- ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d [;kfrçkIr çdk'k o –';
ifjdYid gSaA os laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj ls lEefk~ur ¼2002½ gSa vkSj orZeku esa
vk/kqfud fopkjksa ds lkFk çkS|ksfxdh ds ç;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrksa ds iqu#)kj esa layXu
gSaA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= esa muds }kjk fn, x, ;ksxnku esa
g‚bfLVax flLVe ds fy, Lokoyach Lisl Ýs+e dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj Mª‚i&dVsZu v‚ijs'ku
dk ifjp;] jk-uk-fo- ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj esa Hkkjr dk igyk ^ykbV&l‚¶+V&iSfpax*
'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus fpUe; fe'ku ¼fnYyh½ ds :i esa Hkkjr dk igyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj
fn;k gSA mUgksaus iVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd esa cuh çsepan jax'kkyk dk Hkh uohdj.k
fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ LikWfVaZx g‚bfLVax flLVe ds vykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV
flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh esa cuwj fLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh;
;ksxnku gS ftlesa mUgksaus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj czsy&inkZ cuk;k gSA çks- Hkxr
tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdxhZLrku] d+t+kd+Lrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkt+hy esa
vk;ksftr ^Q+SLVhoYl v‚Q+ bafM;k* ds rduhdh funs'kd jg pqds gSaA mUgksasus ^cSafMV
Dohu* vkSj ^gt+kjksa [+okfg'ksa ,slh* fQ+Yeksa esa dyk&funsZ'kd ds rkSj ij mR—"V dk;Z fd;k
gSA
lqjs'k Hkkj}kt
çksQs+lj] çdk'k ifjdYiuk
jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd lqjs'k Hkkj}kt us uo&LFkkfir foLrkj dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,d o"khZ;
f'k{kko`fŸk çkIr dhA os Hkkjr Hkou jaxeaMy] Hkksiky ds rduhdh funsZ'kd vkSj fnYyh dh
jaxeaMyh ^laHko* ds laLFkkid lnL; jgs gSaA 1985 esa mUgksaus Vsyhfot+u vkSj flusek dh
vksj #[+k fd;kA 1988 esa os jk-uk-fo- ladk; ds lnL; vkSj ckn esa foLrkj dk;ZØe ds
çksQs+lj cusA mUgksaus bl nkSjku nwjn'kZu vkSj lSVsykbV pSuyksa ds fy, ys[ku] funsZ'ku
vkSj fMt+kbu dk;Z fd,A Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa dbZ jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dha vkSj
vusd laLFkkuksa ds fy, dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa ukVdksa dh ifjdYiuk o funsZ'ku fd;kA mUgksaus
;wusLdkss ds varxZr ^oYMZ Mªkek Ldwy* esa varjkZ"Vªh; fu.kkZ;d ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA
mUgsa jaxeap ds {ks= esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj vkSj peu
yky lkslk;Vh ds j‚Ldks ¼;w-ds-½ iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
77
 ladk;
vejthr 'kekZ
,lksfl,V izksQs+lj] eap VSDuksykWftLV
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 esa jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk
foHkkx esa dk;Z vkjaHk fd;kA rnqijkar os 1994 esa eap VSDuksy‚ftLV ds in ij
fu;qDr gq,A ukVdksa ds eapu vkSj lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq eap ifjdYiuk,a]
;kstuk,a vkSj e‚My rS;kj djuk mudk nkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls 2013 ds chp gq,
Hkkjr jax egksRloksa] 1998 ls 2013 ds chp gq, t'uscpiu vkSj 2000&2001 esa
vk;ksftr Hkkjr esa teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc rd og 2000 ls T+;knk ukVdksa ds
eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk mYys[kuh; dk;Z dj pqds gSaA mUgksaus Vsyhfot+u
/kkjkokfgdksa ds fy, Hkh eap ifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k
laca/kh dk;Z ds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgksaus 1998 esa Hkkjr&tkiku
lkaL—frd vknku&çnku dk;ZØe ds rgr VksD;ks esa vk;ksftr mUur
jax&rduhd dk;ZØe esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kA bl chp mUgksaus jkW;LVu ,cy }kjk
funsZf'kr ^ekaxfu;kj flMD'ku* ds vykok dbZ ukVdksa dh n`';&ifjdYiuk dk
fu”iknu fd;k gS vkSj nqfu;k Hkj esa dbZ ns'kksa dk nkSjk fd;k gSA
foLrkj dk;ZØe
vfers'k xzksoj
vfLlVSUV izksQ+slj] foLrkj dk;ZØe
laxhr ukV~; vdkneh }kjk funsZ'ku ds fy, fcfLeYykg [k+k¡ iqjLdkj ls lEekfur
vfers'k xzksoj ,d çLrqfr fuekZrk gSa tks jaxeap] baVjehfM;V vkVZ rFkk xsfeax ds
ijLij laca/k ij dke djrs gSa vkSj vc rd feDl ehfM;k baLVkys'ku dh 15
izLrqfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k dj pqds gSa vkSj 9 ns'kksa esa muds 110 izn'kZu dj pqds gSaA
vkidk dke fMftVy rduhd] xse ifjdYiuk vkSj tu gLr{ksi dh ikjLifjdrk
dk vUos"k.k djrk gSA vki vuq'kkluksa vkSj laL—fr;ksa ls ijs ,d lg;ksxh çfØ;k
ds rgr dk;Z djrs gSaA vkidk dke fLoV~t+jySaM] vesfjdk] teZuh bXySaM]
eSfDldks] phu] fQ+yhihal] jksekfu;k] ikfdLrku] vkseku vkSj Hkkjr esa cM+s iSekus ij
çnf'kZr gks pqdk gSA jk-uk-fo- Lukrd ¼vfHkdYiu ,oa funsZ'ku] 2004½ vfers'k
xzksoj us ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ+ vkVZ yaMu] ;w- ds- ls lu~ 2006 esa ,e- ,- ¼fMftVy
fFk,Vj½ dh fMxzh izkIr dhA
vki vusd iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur gSa ftuesa ds-,e-,-Vh- jsft+Msalh
¼vkWLVªsfy;k&2011½] okbZ-lh-bZ- vo‚MZ ukWfeus'ku 2010] ch-lh- fFk,Vj lw= vo‚MZ
¼2009½] vkfVZLV jsft+MsUlh ¼fLoV~t+jySaM] 2008½ vkSj pkYlZ okWysl Nk=o`fŸk ¼;w-ds-
2005½ izeq[k gSaA vki fFk,Vj LisDVsdy ¼2008½ esa twjh jg pqds gSa vkSj 2001 esa
dkusZy fo'ofo|ky;] vesfjdk esa vfrfFk O;k[;ku ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;s tk pqds
gSaA Jh xzksoj 2012 esa jk-uk-fo ladk; esa 'kkfey gq,A
78
izLrqfr foHkkx ijkx lekZg
izLrqfr izca/kd
jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd ijkx lekZg us fo|ky; ds jaxeaMy esa yxkrkj 6 o”kZ rd ,d
dykdkj ds :Ik esa vkSj ckn esa yxHkx 6 o”kZ rd eap izca/kd ds rkSj ij dk;Z fd;kA bl
nkSjku mUgksaus 45 ls T+;knk ukVdksa esa vfHku; fd;kA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ^ij'kqjke* dk
eapu ukanhdkj jk”Vªh; ukV~; mRlo vkSj Hkkjr jax egksRlo esa gks pqdk gSA jaxeaMy ds
fy, mUgksaus ^gSyks vkmV ns;j* uked ukVd dk funsZ'ku fd;kA ,d LFkkfir izdk'k
ifjdYid ds rkSj ij mUgksaus jkLrs] ifj.kfr] HkkaM nqgkbZ] rktegy dk Vs.Mj] canh ieFk
vkSj xhr ,oa ukVd izHkkx ds izdk'k o /ofu izLrqfrdj.k ^'kr:ik* ds fy, izdk'k
ifjdYiuk dh gSA orZeku esa vki jk-uk-fo- esa izLrqfr izca/kd ds :Ik esa dk;Zjr gSa vkSj
fiNys ik¡p lky ls ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa iwoksZŸkj ukV~; lekjksg ds lQy la;kstu ds
lw=/kkj gSaA
vfrfFk ladk;
fo|ky; le;&le; ij ns’k&fons’k dh mRÑ”V ltZukRed izfrHkkvksa dks vfrfFk ladk; lnL; ds :Ik esa vkeaf=r djrk jgk gSA
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkf”kd vkSj lkaLÑfrd i`”BHkwfe;ksa ds ,sls dbZ l`tu’khy O;fDrRo tks jaxeap ds {ks= esa lfØ; gSa vkSj lkaLÑfrd ;FkkFkZ
ds ifjorZu’khy ifjn`’; esa bl ek/;e dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs jgs gSa] fo|ky; esa vfrfFk ladk; ds :Ik esa vkrs jgs gSa vkSj
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vius vuqHko lk>k djrs jgs gSaA
jaxeaMy
Jh lqjs'k 'kekZ
jaxeaMy] izeq[k
HkkjrsUnq ukV~; vdknseh] y[kuÅ ls jaxeap dyk esa fMIyksek vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls vfHku; esa
LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek izkIr Jh lqjs'k 'kekZ us fnYyh dh laHko ukV~; laLFkk ds lkFk Lora=
jaxdehZ ds rkSj ij 'kq:vkr dhA 1985&86 esa xqykc ckbZ vkSj eqnzkjk{kl ds ekxZn'kZu esa
mUgksaus mŸkj izns'k dh ukSVadh 'kSyh esa Qs+yksf'ki dhA mUgksaus eaMh] fgekpy izns'k esa ,d
jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj Jhjke lsaVj Q+kWj ijQ+kWfeZax vkV~lZ] fnYyh ds
dykdRed&funsZ'kd ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;kA laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvksa dk
lapkyu djus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus dbZ ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku vkSj tkus&ekus funsZ'kdksa ds
funsZ'ku esa dbZ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgksaus LrkfuLykOLdh vfHku; iz.kkyh
ds igys :Ik dk fgUnh vuqokn fd;k vkSj jaxeaMy dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dk v/;;u djus ds
fy, fons'k ;k=k dhA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVdksa esa ^va/kk;qx*] ^bfMil*] ^vk/ks&v/kwjs*]
^l[kkjke ckbaMj* vkSj ^tq+ywl* vkfn 'kkfey gSaA mudks eksg.kk ukVd ds fy, lkfgR;
dyk ifj”kn~ vkSj laxhr ukVd vdknseh }kjk lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
79
 iz'kklfud o rduhdh deZpkjh
iz'kklfud fudk;
jkefd'ku rduhdh deZpkjh
dk;Zdkjh jftLVªkj rduhdh foHkkx
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] baLVh~V;wV vkWQ def'kZ;y
,l- R;kxjktu] QksVksxzkQ+j
izSfDVl ls ekdsZfVax ,oa lsYl eSustesaV esa iksLV fMIyksek rFkk
,l- euksgju] /ofu rduhf'k;u
Hkkjrh; fo|k Hkou] ubZ fnYyh ls eSVhfj;y eSustesaV eas
jktsUnz flag xkslkbaZ] /ofu rduhf'k;u
fMIyksek izkIr jkefd'ku th dh fu;qfDr jk”Vªh; ukV~;
xqj'kj.k dkSj] Vsyfjax&lg&okMZjksc Ik;Zos{kd
fo|ky; esa LVksj lqijokbZT+kj ds in ij gqbZ Fkh vkSj vc rd
jke izrki] odZ'kki izf'k{kd
ds vius dk;Zdky esa vki lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ys[kk½]
fdj.k dqekj] lgk;d ¼izdk'k ,oa /ofu foHkkx½
lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼'kS{kf.kd½] lEink izca/kd] O;olk;
izca/kd] ys[kkf/kdkjh] mi&jftLVªkj vkfn inksa ij dke dj laxhr foHkkx
pqds gSaA
jk-uk-fo- ds jk”Vªh; o varZjk”Vªh; dk;ZØeksa esa fofHkUu Lrjksa jktsUnz izlUuk] ckalqjh o 'kgukbZ oknd
ij dke djus dk vkidks o`gn~ vuqHko izkIr gSA ukV~; vkse izdk'k] rky oknd xzsM&1
mRloksa vkSj ifjlaoknksa vkfn ds izca/ku ds flyflys esa vki ih- osVªh Hkwifr] rky oknd xzsM&2
ns'k&fons'k ds dbZ uxjksa dh ;k=k dj pqds gSaA
vxLr] 2013 ls vki jk-uk-fo- ds dk;Zdkjh jftLVªkj ds in jktHkk”kk foHkkx
ij dke dj jgs gSaA

iqLrdky; xhrk tks'kh] lgk;d funs'kd ¼jk-Hkk-½

vfuy JhokLro] iqLrdky;k/;{k psruk of'k”B] ofj”B fgUnh vuqoknd

iz'kklu ,oa ys[kk foHkkx

lqjs'k eU'kkjkekuh] mi&jftLVªkj ¼dk;Zokgd½
vkse izdk'k lkxj] ys[kkf/kdkjh
Jhizdk'k 'kekZ] lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ys[kk½
lfork dkyjk] lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼iz'kklu½
lh-Mh- frokjh] lgk;d jftLVªkj
nhid ok/kok] O;olk; izca/kd ¼jaxeaMy½
uhye diwj] laink izca/kd ¼rnFkZ½
,- ds- c#vk] tu laidZ vf/kdkjh
eukst jesyk] HkaMkM Ik;Zos{kd ¼rnFkZ½
ch- ,l- jkor] bapktZ ¼'kS{kf.kd½
n'kZu flag fc”V] ¼bapktZ] iqLrd HkaMkj½
xh- oxhZl ds- Vh-] futh lfpo] funs'kd

80
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NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA

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