Scientific​ ​Discourse​ ​(Chapter:​ ​Transport​ ​in​ ​Plants) 

Para  Function​ ​Word  Category  Remarks 

No 

1 How Describing​ ​problems​ ​and Sets the agenda for the chapter, and the problems about
solutions which​ ​the​ ​chapter​ ​will​ ​deal

More​ ​than Comparing “Plants need to move molecules over very long
distances,​ ​much​ ​more​ ​than​ ​animals​ ​do”

Also Adding​ ​more​ ​ideas “they​ ​also​ ​do​ ​not​ ​have​ ​a​ ​circulatory​ ​system​ ​in​ ​place”
“The photosynthates or food synthesised by the leaves
have ​also to be moved to all parts including the root tips
embedded​ ​deep​ ​inside​ ​the​ ​soil”
“across the membranes and from cell to cell within the
tissue​ ​has​ ​also​ ​to​ ​take​ ​place”
“We​ ​also​ ​need​ ​to​ ​revisit​ ​our​ ​understanding​ ​of​ ​diffusion”

To,​ ​would​ ​have​ ​to Describing​ ​problems​ ​and Problem: How to understand the transport processes
solutions that​ ​take​ ​place​ ​in​ ​plants
Solution: ​recollect your basic knowledge about the
structure​ ​of​ ​the​ ​cell​ ​and​ ​the​ ​anatomy​ ​of​ ​the​ ​plant​ ​body

2 By Describing​ ​problems​ ​and Problem:​ ​Movement​ ​of​ ​substances

solutions Solution: ​by diffusion and by cytoplasmic streaming
supplemented​ ​by​ ​active​ ​transport

Is​ ​called Giving​ ​a​ ​definition “​is​ ​called​ ​translocation”

3 However Contrasting “Organic and mineral nutrients ​however​, undergo

multidirectional​ ​transport”

Later Sequencing “From​ ​the​ ​storage​ ​organs​ ​they​ ​are​ ​later​ ​re-exported”

Also Adding​ ​more​ ​ideas “When any plant .... other chemical stimuli are ​also
transported,...”

Hence Drawing​ ​conclusion “​Hence​,​ ​in​ ​a​ ​flowering​ ​plant​ ​there​ ​is​ ​a​ ​complex…….”

4 Say Providing​ ​an​ ​example “over short distances, say, from the inter-cellular spaces
of​ ​the​ ​leaf​ ​to​ ​the​ ​outside”

Result Showing​ ​cause​ ​and​ ​effect Cause: ​molecules move in a random fashion in
relationships diffusion
Effect: ​substances moving from regions of higher
concentration​ ​to​ ​regions​ ​of​ ​lower​ ​concentration

5 Faster..​ ​difficult Contrasting “Substances soluble in lipids diffuse through the

membrane ​faster​. Substances that have a hydrophilic
moiety,​ ​find​ ​it​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​pass​ ​through​ ​the​ ​membrane”
Para  Function​ ​Word  Category  Remarks 
No 

5 Provide Describing​ ​problems​ ​and Problem:​ ​How​ ​to​ ​make​ ​molecules​ ​cross​ ​the​ ​membrane
solutions Solution: Membrane proteins provide sites for their
passage

Called Giving​ ​a​ ​definition “This​ ​process​ ​is​ ​called​ ​facilitated​ ​diffusion”

6 Is​ ​very​ ​specific..it Showing​ ​cause​ ​and​ ​effect Cause:​​ ​Facilitated​ ​diffusion​ ​is​ ​very​ ​specific
allows relationships Effect:​​ ​Cells​ ​can​ ​select​ ​substances​ ​for​ ​uptake

7 Form​ ​channels..to Describing​ ​problems​ ​and Problem: How will molecules pass through the
solutions membrane
Solution: proteins form channels in the membrane for
molecules​ ​to​ ​pass​ ​through

Some…​ ​others Contrasting “​Some channels are always open; ​others can be
controlled”

Are Giving​ ​a​ ​definition “porins ​are proteins that form huge pores in the outer
membranes of the plastids, mitochondria and some
bacteria”