255

APPENDIX A

Comparison of Subject
Material Describing the
Queen of Sheba’s Visit to
Solomon’s Court

Sheba-Menelik Josephus 1 Kings 10: 1-13

Cycle
Came with gifts Came with gifts Came with large
retinue and gifts
Took up residence Amazed at the Questioned
in the palace palace Solomon
Description of the Amazed at Solomon answered
wonderful food sumptuous all her questions
apartments
Was given Was shown the Impressed by
beautiful clothes house known as the Solomon’s wisdom,
Forest of Lebanon palace, food,
seating
arrangements,
attendants’ clothes’
wine’ burnt
offerings
Experienced Desription of the Declared she was
Solamon’s daily food and its deeply impressed
wisdom preparation
Had her questions Saw beautiful Gave gifts of gold
aswered clothes of the and spices
servants
Daily given food Witnessed Acknowledged
and clothes Solomon’s benign influence of
administration Solomon’s God
Saw how table Witnessed daily Solomon
was prepared sacrifices reciprocated in
official and other
ways
Amazed at the Believed things
palace were better tham
expected
 256

Amazed at Believed that the

sumptuous Hebrew were a
apartments blessed people
Witnessed daily
burning of incense
Converted to
Solomon’s
religion
Tricked by
Solomon into
bearing his child
 257

APPENDIX B
The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Alphabet
 258

APPENDIX C
The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Numerals
 259

APPENDIX D

Ge’ez transcript of sections of

the Sheba-Menelik Cycle
of the Kebra Nagast

CHAPTER 53 260

CHAPTER 55 263

CHAPTER 58 266

CHAPTER 59 268
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

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INDEX
Ahmad Gran, 151
‘Arb, 229
Ai (At Tall), 35, 36
‘Azd dialect, 188
Akhdam, 88
‘Umara, 89
Akhenaton, 8, 203
‘wnywt, 205
Akkadian, 8, 44
’Abesa, 123
Aksum, 14, 61, 75, 78, 79,
’Afir, 100
86-89, 96, 112, 114, 118,
’Arami, 229
131-137, 139, 141, 142-
Aaron, 7, 10, 149, 234, 237,
157, 173, 175, 217, 223,
238
233-235, 241, 244, 246-
Abha, 191, 204, 228
248, 264
Abraham, 2, 4, 5, 36, 44, 66,
Al Junaynah, 195, 207
69, 70, 80, 104, 106, 147,
Al Kisa’I, 99, 100
150, 181, 184, 186, 204,
Al Luhayyah, 217
206, 225, 226, 229, 231,
Al Muktar ibn Ubaid Allah,
232,
229
Abreha, 154
Albright Institute, 113
Abu Arish and nearby wadi,
Albright, William F., 32-35
193
Alexander III (the Great), 22
Abu Duhur, 229
Alexandria, 127, 135-138,
Abu Lahab, 179
157, 215, 216, 222, 223,
Abu Talib, 179
243
Abun/Abuna,
Algeria, 2
Abuna Garima
Al Hadhad ibn Sharah ibn
Acropolis (Athens), 43
Dhu Sahar, 90, 98
Acts of Solomon, Book of the,
Aliyeh (New Jerusalem), 21,
55, 92
57, 70, 71
Adam, 143, 147, 148, 150,
Alla Amidas, 152
221
Allah, 83
Adde Kawerh, 128, 130
Almaqah, 84
Addis Ababa, 249, 251
Alt, Albrecht, 32
Adigrat, 129
Al Tha’labi, 184
Adrami, 148, 149
Amalekites, 162, 188
Adulis, 129
Amarna letters, 44
Adwa, 129
Amda Seyon, 145, 157
Afghan women, 20
Amdaman Islands, 88
African Americans, 4
America, 8, 48, 64
Africans in Arabia, 176, 184,
American University of
185
Beirut, 193, 199
Afrikaans, 189
Amhara, 5, 128, 237, 240,
AfroAsiatic, 4
244
Agaw, 62, 128, 156, 159, 160,
Amharic, 62, 190, 236, 269
236, 244
Ammon. Temple of, 45, 170
Agriculture, 14, 56, 57, 79,
Ammonites, 10
91, 134, 135, 164, 193
Amnon, 107
Ahasuerus, 196
Amorites, 81
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
An Nimas 195, 198, 208, 231
Anastasius, 138
Anatolia, 139, 141
Ancient Egyptians and
language, 40, 74, 64, 88,
189
Anglo Saxons and language,
22, 47, 64, 88, 189
Anthony of Egypt, 150
Antigonus, 24
Antipater, 24
Antiquities of the Jews, 93
Anti Semitism, 26, 28
Antseba, 250
Aphek, 36
Apocalypse of Baruch, 140
Apocrypha, 55, 115
Appleyard, David, 72, 159
Aqaba and Gulf, 42
Arab traditions, 80, 81, 87,
162, 185
Arabia, 1, 4-6, 10, 12, 14, 17,
25, 32, 44, 51, 61, 66, 69,
72, 74-76, 80-90, 111,
112, 117-120, 125, 127,
128, 132-135, 137, 139-
141, 144, 151-156, 158,
161, 162, 164-166, 169-
173, 175-178, 180, 181,
183-190, 192-194, 196-
208, 216-221, 223, 224,
229, 231-233, 235-237,
241, 243, 245, 246, 248,
250-253
Arabian Gulf, 14
Arabic, 4, 29, 63, 68, 70, 82,
93, 98, 108, 109, 112,
116, 118, 124, 126, 136,
142, 157, 158, 161, 162,
175, 188-190, 200, 202,
208, 209, 220, 231, 232,
234, 238, 243, 248, 253
Arabic dialects, 4, 188, 189,
192
Arabs, 5, 28, 66, 75, 80, 98,
149, 153-155, 161,-163,
180, 183-186, 188, 225,
228, 229, 231
Aramaeans, 13, 16, 30, 75
Aramaic, 8, 16, 22, 48, 56, 62,
63, 65, 67, 68, 96, 107,
108, 185, 231-233, 238,
247
Ararat, Mount, 70, 195
Archaeology/archaeologists
and evidence, 18, 29-50,
69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82,
85, 87, 108, 112, 113,
117, 127-129, 132, 134,
158, 161, 165, 168, 171,
173, 185, 188, 192, 193,
195, 197-200, 203, 205,
206, 208, 222, 236, 241,
245, 246, 250, 252, 253
Argentina, 27
Arians, 137
Aristobulus II, 24
Arius, 137, 149
Ark of Noah, 69, 70, 147,
149
Ark of the Covenant, 7, 11,
53, 70, 86, 105, 106, 110,
116, 117, 119, 121, 122-
125, 127, 130, 131, 142,
143, 147, 149, 151, 152,
158, 161, 209, 211, 218,
220, 222-224, 226, 235,
241, 243, 250, 253, 259
Ark of Zion, 122, 235
Arks in Arabia, 228, 229
Armenia and Armenians, 25,
50, 65, 137-141, 145, 148,
240
Armstrong, Karen, 174
Arnaiz Villena, Antonio, 30,
50
Arthur, King of Britons, 2
Artxerxes I, 19
Arwe, 86, 101
Asa, 206
Asba (Asfa), 75
Ashdod, 230
Asherah, 13
Ashkenazi Jews, 50, 241
Asia Minor, 108
Asir, 82, 111, 173, 193, 195,
198, 201, 202, 205, 207,
209, 217, 220, 226, 231
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Asmara, 77, 134, 235, 249- Bedouin, 81, 155, 162, 175-
251 178, 183, 229, 230
Assyria/Assyrians, 7, 13, 15, Beher (Ge’ez word), 216
16, 18, 25, 36, 38, 48, 53, Beher, 134
81, 111, 125, 129, 146, Beitin, 35
168-171, 173, 187, 243 Beja, 134, 135
Astar, 134 Belontos, 212, 215
Aswan, 134, 223 Belshazzar, 17
Atang, 233 Ben Asher, 68
Atbara, 216, 218 Ben Dor, Shoshana, 47
Atlas of Jewish History, 171 Ben Gurion, David, 33, 176,
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 26 224
Awash, 74 Ben Sira, 115
Awgi, 159 Ben Yehuda, 68
Azariah, 87, 121-124, 127, Benaiah, 102, 119, 122
131, 133, 222, 234, 241, Bene Israel, 133
243 Benin, 168
Azariah (Abednego), 104 Benjamin tribe, 10, 12, 164,
Azqir, 140 194
Azvar-nahara, 21 Beowulf, 22, 88
Berbers, 4, 153
Ba’al, 9, 225 Berenson, Bernhard, 61
Babylon/Babylonians/Babylo Bet Israel, 12
nian inscriptions, 6, 13, Beta Giyorgis, 75
16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 40, 45, Beta Israel, 8, 56, 62, 159,
48, 53, 57, 59, 61-63, 65, 224, 236-238, 240, 244-
66, 69, 71, 79, 96, 107, 250, 253
109, 125, 148, 164, 170- Beth Shan, 36
174, 176, 183-185, 187, Bethel, 13, 16
194, 208, 236, 242, 248 Beth-shemesh, 229
Badr, battle of, 180 Bezold, Carl, 116, 216, 217
Baghdad, 4, 156, Bible, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 47,
Bahn, Paul, 40 49, 55, 65, 76, 158, 194-
Bala Zadisareya, 118 198, 201, 204, 252
Balfour Declaration, 28 Biblical Hebrew, 8, 47, 67,
Bani al Hamwiyya, 156 68, 112, 189, 198
Bani Yusuf, 208 Bibliotheque Nationale Paris,
Banu Hillal, 81 251
Banu Salaim, 81 Bilen, 160
Baptisteries, 76, 239 Bilqis, 87-89
Baq’ah valley, 166 Black Jews, 12, 62, 236
Bar Kokhba, Simeon, 25, 31 Black Stone, 228
Barbaria, 134 Blacksmiths, 17, 130, 145,
Barre, Siad, 130 247
Baruch, 45, 140 Blessings of Jacob, 22, 48, 65
Bathsheba, 11, 148 Blessings of Moses, 22, 48,
Bayna Lekhem (Menelik), 78, 65
118 Blue Nile, 156, 190
Bede, 50 Bonobos, 74
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Book of the Himyarites, 132
Boswelli (plant), 85
Br, unvocalized Hebrew
word for Hebrew(s), 2, 44,
45, 62, 128-131, 226, 245,
250
Britain/British/Britons, 2, 28,
29, 31, 34, 47, 50, 52, 62,
153, 167, 169, 189, 251
British Airways, 50
British Israel movement, 47
Bronze Age, 3, 8, 10, 15, 34,
36, 37, 46, 47, 80, 86,
108, 135, 203, 204
Buba clan, 242
Buba, 242
Budge, E. A.Wallis, 32, 216,
217
Burning Bush, 42, 149
Buzi, 17
Byzantium/Byzantines, 135,
138-142, 144-146, 148,
149, 155, 158, 175, 180
Cain, 225
Cairo, 127, 167, 215, 216,
222
Caleb (Aksumite king), 86,
132, 137, 141-146, 151,
152, 154,, 155, 158, 233,
234, 243
Caleb (Hebrew leader), 10,
62
Caleb Cycle of the Kebra
Nagast, 132, 139-150,
157, 181
Caligula, 25
Camel and camel trains, 10,
84, 85, 91, 117, 163-165,
207, 209, 210, 230
Camelot, 2
Canaan/Canaanite
language/Canaanites, 2, 5,
8-13, 15, 29, 34, 42-44,
46, 49, 53-56, 62, 63, 134,
135, 147, 162, 169, 189,
192, 220
Canada, 4, 29, 173
Caucasus, 190
Cedars of Lebanon, 207
Cerulli, Enrico, 116
Chalcedonian definition, 137
Chaldeans, 30
Chapel of the Tablet, 234
Charcoal, 165
Charles I, King (Britain), 109
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 64
Chimpanzees, 74
China/Chinese, 90, 190
Chosen People, 8, 59, 68, 123
Christ, 1, 19, 59, 60, 79, 82,
101, 107, 132, 136, 137,
142, 143, 147-152, 174,
178, 181-183, 206, 240,
247, 248, 250
Christians/Christianity/
Christian sources and
traditions, 1, 25, 26, 31,
32, 41, 45, 47, 52, 59, 60,
61, 65, 75-77, 81, 86, 90,
109, 115, 120, 124, 132,
135-137, 140-144, 146,
148-152, 155-157, 175,
177-183, 193, 199, 200,
205, 209, 224, 233-241,
243-250, 252
Chromosomes, 74, 241, 242,
253
Chronicles, Book of, 45, 55,
56, 79, 188, 206, 231
Church of Mary of Zion
Aksum, 234
Circumcision, 25, 59, 105,
130, 225, 237, 239, 241
City of David, 70, 195, 208,
230, 231
City of Zion, 195, 208
Climate/Climatic change, 5,
36, 37, 73, 74, 128
Clube, Victor, 29
Cochin Jews, 133
Code of Hammurabi, 109
Cohaito, 78
Coins/coinage, 31, 135, 136,
166, 241
Colchis, 145
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Colonialism/colonies, 2, 11,
27, 49, 50, 202, 203, 205,
242
Comoros, 242
Consonants, 64, 68, 76, 82,
Constantine, Emperor, 60,
136, 137, 146, 240
Constantinople, 138, 153,
157
Copper, 42, 135, 168
Coptic Church/Coptic
language/Copts, 40, 136,
138, 235, 238
Council of Chalcedon, 136-
138, 145, 149, 181
Council of Nicaea, 60, 137,
139, 144, 146, 149, 150,
181, 235
Cretans, 50
Culture, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36,
61, 75-77, 84, 112, 129,
131, 151, 154, 161, 165,
167, 168, 175, 181, 185,
224, 232, 234, 236, 239,
242
Cush/Kush (Africa), 134, 165,
217, 207
Cush/Kush (Arabia), 195,
207, 217, 220
Cushite dynasty of Egypt, 15,
172
Cushites, 15, 172, 206
Cushitic languages, 4, 62, 80,
81, 128, 129, 156, 157,
159, 190, 236, 239, 244
Cyril of Alexandria, 157
Cyrus the Great, 17, 19
D’mt, 76, 128, 133, 156, 220,
239
Da Bassano, Francesco, 251
Dabra Makeda, 75
Dahlak archipelago, 220
Dahlberg, Bruce, 198
Dahomey, 168
Damascus, 28, 156, 178, 248
Damot, 156, 190
Dan, 13, 194, 205
Danakil, 135
Daniel, Book of, 17, 56, 104,
196,
Darius III, 22
Darius, 196
Daughter of Jerusalem, 18
Daughter of Zion, 18
David of Ethiopia, King, 239
David/Daud, King (Menelik),
118
David, King of Judah and
Israel, 8, 10, 11, 13, 26,
31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 48,
49, 54, 119, 123, 148,
165, 169, 188, 194, 230,
247
Davidic royal line, 16, 19, 45,
54, 58, 59, 133, 136, 137,
142, 148, 248
Day, John, 197
Dead Sea, 41, 43, 58, 204
Dead Sea Scrolls, 55, 58, 65
Death of Moses, 253
Debra Bizen, 250
Debra Damo, 141
Delilah, 148
Demographic change, 3, 6,
34, 37, 39, 80, 81, 88,
130, 153, 169, 171, 176,
236
Demon, Queen of Sheba as,
51, 150
Denmark, 205
Der Judenstaat, 26
Deuteronomist (Old
Testament writers), 39,
54
Deuteronomy, Book of, 2, 16,
48, 54-57, 65, 110, 115,
142, 227, 235
Dhat Ba’adan, 134
Dhat Himyam, 134
Dhofar, 85
Dhu Nuwas (Yusuf As’ar
Yuth’ar), 86, 139-141,
145, 149, 152, 154, 155,
175, 208, 233, 234, 243
Dhu Sharkh ibn Hudad, 89,
98
Diaspora (Jews), 25, 174, 178
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Diaspora (Palestinians), 49
Dibon, 43
Dietary laws, 8, 25, 56, 59,
133, 237, 238, 241
Dillmann, August, 116
Djibouti, 73, 156
DNA, 12, 39, 88, 194, 241,
243
Domitius, 157
Dozy, Reinhart, 184, 187,
188
Dragon princess (So Chieluo),
107
Dreyfus case, 27
Dutch, 127, 189
Dynastic marriages, 12, 180,
187
Eagle, 213, 214
East Africa, 74, 85, 127, 163,
189
Eban, Abba, 29
Eben, 230
Ecclesiasticus, Book of, 56,
110
Edras, Book of, 19
Egypt/Egyptians/Ancient
Egyptian
language/Egyptian Coptic
Church, 4-10, 12-15, 17,
22, 25, 36-40, 42, 44-46,
49, 53, 56, 62, 65, 70, 74,
81, 84, 86, 93, 108, 11,
123, 125, 127, 132, 135-
138, 141, 150, 153, 156,
162, 164, 165, 168-172,
176, 185, 194, 195, 198,
201-203, 206, 207, 210-
212, 214-216, 218, 223,
226, 227, 235, 237, 238,
240, 243
Ekeye Azeb, 88
Ekron, 230
El Elyon, 208
El Sabaoth, 208
El Shaddai, 208
El Shalom, 208
El, 9, 13
Elephantine (Aswan), 134,
223
Elijah, 66, 98, 104
Ella Amida, 135
Ella Atsbeha (Caleb of
Aksum), 143
Elmeyas, 123, 127
Elohist (Old Testament
writers), 54
Emerton, John, 197
England, 109, 205
English, 4, 50, 64, 67, 127,
165, 188, 189, 198
Enoch, Book of, 55, 115, 253
Environment, 74, 165, 178
Eritrea/Eritrean Orthodox
Church, 5, 55, 73, 77, 78,
82, 87,112,115, 117, 125,
128, 131, 133-135, 159,
160, 192, 209, 212, 214,
215, 220, 221, 224, 235,
236, 240, 244, 248-252
Error analysis, 189
Esau, 148, 177
Esperanto, 68
Esther, Book of, 96, 97, 102,
105, 107,
Esther, Queen, 65, 195
Estifanos, 240
Ethiopia/Ethiopians, 5, 7, 8,
12, 14, 42, 47, 55, 56, 61,
62, 70, 72-78, 81, 82, 86,
87, 93. 96, 110-112, 114,
115, 117-121, 123-125,
127-134, 136, 144, 147,
152,153, 156-159, 172,
178, 83, 190, 192, 195,
196, 200, 206, 207, 209-
213, 215-217, 220, 222-
224, 226, 227, 231-141,
243-247, 249, 251-254
Judaic/Hebraic elements in
Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133,
136, 142, 178, 224, 226-
253
Ethiopian Orthodox Church,
55, 76, 129, 136, 226,
233-238, 246, 248, 249,
252
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Ethiopian Semitic speakers, 4,
75
Ethiopian traditions, 87, 110,
227, 245
Ethnic mysticism, 47
Ethnomusicology, 39, 245
Etruscans, 40
Euphrates, 21, 207
Europe/Europeans, 3, 26-28,
46, 47, 50, 63, 68, 129,
130, 165-167, 237, 239,
241, 245
Evagrius Scholasticus, 153
Eve, tomb of, 205
Ewostatewos, 240, 249
Exilarchs, 60
Exodus, Book of, 2, 48, 55,
56, 65, 100, 204
Exodus, The, 6, 7, 9, 15, 40-
42, 49, 56, 62, 81, 115,
171, 194. 202-204,221,
239
Ezana, 135, 136, 143
Ezekiel, 17, 18, 20
Ezekiel, Book of, 17, 55
Ezra, 2, 10, 20-23, 48, 54-56,
61, 65, 69-71, 109, 131-
133, 136, 142, 143, 163,
174, 177, 186, 187, 208,
242, 245, 248, 251
Fadak, 175
Faisal, Hashemite prince
(later king), 28
Faisal, Saudi prince (later
king), 193
Falasha (see Beta Israel),
Famine, 5, 6, 9, 38
Farasan, 220
Fatimid Egypt, 156
Fattovich, Rodolfo, 112, 128,
159
Fertile crescent, 177
Festivals, 112, 128, 159
Fetha Nagast, 238
Finkelstein, Israel, 49, 50
First temple, 3, 11, 40, 41, 43,
57, 100, 176, 186, 230,
231, 243
Flad, Martin, 244
Flemish, 189
Forced labor, 11, 13, 14, 176
Fourth cataract, 207
Frankincense, 74, 85, 91
French, 2, 28, 127, 167
Frumentius/Abba Salama,
135, 136, 241, 246, 251
Fulani, 167
Fundamentalism, 3, 50, 73
Gadd, C.J., 172, 224
Gafat, 190
Galilee, 24, 63, 66, 69, 140,
141, 174, 247
Gamst, Frederick, 244, 254,
263
Garden of Eden, 195`
Gash delta, 74-76
Gath, 230
Gaul, 153
Gaza, 119, 125, 127, 210,
211, 213-216, 220
Gazette of Place Names, 193,
205, 207, 224
Gdrt (Gadarat), 139
Ge’ez (Ethiopic) 32, 55, 65,
75, 79, 93, 112, 114,116,
124, 131, 136, 157, 189,
190, 209, 210, 216, 217,
220, 225, 231, 232, 236,
251,-253, Appendices
Gebes, 210-218
Gender blurring, 107, 108,
224
Genetic mutation, 74
Genetics, 12, 30, 49, 50, 74,
186
Genfel river, 128
Gentiles (Goyim/non-Jews),
20, 59, 148
German/Germanic
tribes/Germans, 4, 28, 32,
50, 54, 61, 63, 198, 231,
244
Gezer, 35-37
Ghana, 230
Gibeah, 230
Gibeon, 36
Gilbert, Martin, 171, 176
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Glanzman, Bill, 87
Glock, Al, 112, 113
Glory of the Kings (see
Kebra Nagast),
Gnostics/Gnostic Gospels, 62,
107
Gob (Somali caste), 130
Gobedra, 75, 76
God the Father, 60
Gog Magog hills, 205
Gojjam, 135
Gold, 11, 37, 42, 65, 74, 85,
86, 92, -95, 100, 111, 134,
135, 164, 166, 167, 179,
222, 227, 234, 235, 250,
255
Golden altar, 100
Golden Calf, 9, 104, 106, 227
Goliath, 40
Gomorrah, 42, 195
Gondar, 244, 247
Goren, 230
Gorillas, 74
Great Famine, 247
Great Zimbabwe, 242
Greece, 5, 23
Greek Orthodox Church, 136
Greeks and Greek language,
4, 23, 39, 40, 59, 65, 74,
87, 93, 135, 136, 174,
175, 217, 253
Greenfield, Jonas, 199
Gregory of Nyssa, 115
Gregory Thaumaturgus, 157
Gregory the Illuminator, 144,
146
Grendel, 88
Grierson, Roderick, 130, 233
Guidi, I., 116
Gulo Makeda, 79, 87
Gurage, 5, 128
Habas, 134
Hadiyya, 196
Hadramawt, 140, 242
Hadrian, 25
Hagar (Ge’ez word), 216
Hagar, 5, 80, 226
Haile Selaisse, 76, 78, 115,
151, 235, 249, 251, 252
Haiti, 109
Hajar, 229
Hamasien, 192, 248, 249
Hamdani, 88, 118
Hammond, Philip, 197, 199-
201
Hancock, Graham 129, 222,
223
Handmaiden of Queen of
Sheba, 110, 111, 244
Hapiru, 44
Hasel, Michael, 44
Hashim (Meccan clan), 178
Hasmoneans, 24, 50, 72, 174,
177
Hassan (Tubba king), 140
Hassidic sect, 8
Hayes, J., 46
Hazega, 249
Hazor, 35, 36
Hebraic groups, 8, 45, 112,
117, 131, 136, 221, 224,
226-251
Hebrew Scholars (Masoretes),
53, 63, 66-70, 195
Hebrew people, 2-12, 14, 15,
22, 44, 46, 53, 56, 62, 64,
75, 81, 86, 95, 102, 117,
120, 129-131, 156, 176,
185-187, 189, 190, 194,
200-203, 206, 221, 225-
227, 229, 244, 256
Hebrew, Ancient/archaic, 22,
49, 200, 232
Hebrew, Biblical, 8, 47, 67,
68, 112, 189, 198
Hebrew, Modern, 62, 67, 68
Hebron, 5, 36, 197
Helena, Queen of Adiabene,
59
Hellenism, 23-25
Hellenized Jews, 59
Henotican doctrine, 138
Herod the Great, 25, 69, 71,
177
Herod, House of, 24, 177
Herod, son of Antipater, 24
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Herodotus, 146, 174, 207 House of Zadok, 11, 16, 58,

Hertzog, Ze’ev, 49 242
Herzl, Theodore, 26, 27, 29, Hubbard, David, 159, 252
51 Hudhail dialect, 189, 192
Hezekiah, 15, 16, 42, 43 Hudhud, 98
High priesthood, Hungary, 109
disappearance of, 124, Hussein, 229
131 Hyksos, 203
Hijaz, 42, 81, 99, 141, 162, Hyrcanus II, 24
163, 172, 173, 175,-177, Hyrdn (The Jordan), 69, 70,
183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 195, 204
194, 196, 202, 203, 205,
247 Ibrit, 62
Hilkiah, 16, 54, 241, 243 Ibro (Yibir), 130
Himbirti, 249 Idumeans, 177
Himyar/Himyarites, 61, 71, Ilmuqah, 134
86, 87, 89, 132, 135, 139- Immunity to disease, 7
142, 144-146, 152, 154, Inadan, 8
175, 189, 233, 234, 270 Incense, 1
Hinzat, 79, 87 India/Indians, 8, 12, 85, 88,
Hiram, 207 100, 109, 113, 133, 135,
Historiography, Islamic, 182 147, 154, 155, 161, 178,
Hittites, 3, 6, 15 180, 193, 196
Holiness Code (Leviticus), Indian Ocean, 181
109 Indo-European, 4, 15, 68,
Holocaust, 28, 33 190
Holocausts (Solomon), 36 Instructions for Merikare,
Holy Land, 33, 61, 113, 177 202
Holy Spirit, 59, 137, 182 Internet, 201, 254
Holy Writ, 1, 21, 22, 31, 57, Inuit, 4
60, 184 Iranians, 50
Homelands (proposed Iraq, 13, 28, 146, 229
Jewish), 173 Iron/Iron Age/ Iron working,
Hominids, 73 2, 3, 8, 10, 13-15, 34, 37,
Homo sapiens, 73 46, 47, 51, 72, 74, 75, 80,
Homoousios, 137 86, 90, 105, 132, 135,
Hood, Robin, 2 150
Hoopoe, 96-100 Isa, son of Virgin Miriam of
Horn of Africa, 76, 249, 250, Najran, 182, 248
253 Isaac Isaac of Aksum and
Horns of the Altar, 149 redactors of the Kebra
House of David, 45, 54, 58, Nagast, 157, 158
59, 136, 142, 148, 247, Isaiah, 16, 43
248 Isaiah, Book of, 18, 55, 140,
House of God, 236 237
House of Levi, 248 Ishmael, 5, 80, 226
House of the Forest of Islam/Islamic traditions and
Lebanon, 43, 94, 255 writing, 5, 7, 8, 26, 29, 61,
79, 81, 82, 85, 90, 96-100,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
112, 115, 130, 139, 153,
155, 156, 159, 163, 167,
168, 175, 177, 178, 180-
184, 187, 188, 199, 221,
224, 226, 228-231, 244,
245
Ismenie, 87
Israel
(concept)/Israelites/Israeli
te states, 1, 5-13, 15, 19-
21, 30, 35, 38, 39, 43-49,
51-54, 57, 58, 62, 63, 71,
78, 92, 93, 106, 108, 111,
113, 117, 119-121, 123,
127, 130, 132, 133, 139,
142, 143, 147, 148, 150,
152, 157, 162, 163, 177,
183, 184, 186-188, 194,
198, 201, 204-206, 208,
211, 212, 218, 222-224,
228-230, 235, 237, 241,
243, 244, 246-248, 250,
254
Israel, (northern kingdom),
12-15, 41, 43, 44, 54, 61,
63, 78, 125, 129, 133,
163, 164, 169-173, 176,
185, 196, 208, 224
Israel, State of, 2, 8, 28, 29,
31, 33, 34, 41, 45, 47, 53,
69, 133, 168, 197, 227,
236,
Israelis, 47, 49-51, 249, 253
Israelite religion, 7, 10-12,
108, 117, 121, 123, 132,
155, 176, 177, 184, 208
Italian/Italians, 77, 128, 249-
251
Italy, 153
Ithiopis, 75
Ivory, 43, 74, 100, 135, 164
Ivrit (see also Ibrit), 62, 68
Iyo’as, 247
Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of
Edessa, 138
Jacob, 5, 147
Jamaica, 109
James, brother of Christ, 240
Jane Eyre, 22
Japan, 109
Jashar, Book of, 55
Jebel al Nabi Shu’ayb, 221,
222
Jebel Fayfa, 162
Jebel Hadi, 209
Jebusites, 11, 54
Jeddah, 165, 170, 194, 205
Jedoiada, 102
Jehoichin, 17
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 60
Jeremiah, 45, 236
Jeremiah, Book of, 55
Jericho, 35, 36, 49, 227
Jeroboam, 13, 16
Jerusalem priesthood, 54, 70,
177, 248
Jerusalem, 1, 2, 10, 12-15,
17-25, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39,
42, 53, 45, 46, 48, 49, 54,
55, 57, 58, 65, 68-71, 84,
92, 94, 99, 113, 116-119,
121, 124, 125, 127, 131,
138, 147, 156, 170, 171,
173, 174, 177, 183, 184,
195, 197, 198, 201, 208,
210, 214, 218, 220, 224,
231, 232, 237, 245, 248
Jesus (see Christ),
Jethro/Shuyab, prophet, 8,
221, 225
Jewish sources/traditions, 1,
107, 115, 181
Jews, 12, 20, 22, 24-26, 28,
31, 33, 35, 39, 47, 48, 50,
51, 55, 59-63, 65, 68, 69,
71, 90, 93, 96, 114, 133,
143, 147, 149, 150, 162,
163, 171-174, 17-178,
180, 182-188, 208, 226,
232, 236, 239-241, 246,
249, 250, 254
Jihad, 167, 180
Jinn, 88-90
Jizan, 82, 162, 192, 193, 195,
201, 205, 220, 222
John Hyrcanus (see Hyrcanus
II),
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
John the Baptist, 59
Joint rule (D’mt/Aksum), 89,
128
Jordan (hyrdn = escarpment),
70, 204
Jordan (river), 70, 166, 195
Jordan, Kingdom of, 32, 50,
199, 200
Joseph /Yusuf, Ben
(Messiah), 140
Joseph tribe, 17
Joseph, father of Christ, 58,
248
Joseph, John, 200
Joseph, son of Jacob, 5, 6, 9,
40, 181, 205
Josephus, Flavius, 65, 70, 79,
87, 92, 93, 96, 100, 102,
108, 115, 116, 124, 144,
207, 208, 217, 255
Joshua, 8, 10, 12, 35, 36, 38,
40, 46-48, 53, 62, 69, 194,
228
Joshua, Book of, 55
Josiah, King, 16, 17, 54, 57,
141, 142, 223
Jubilees, Book of, 55, 253
Judaea/Judaeans, 17, 19, 39
Judah tribe, 10, 164, 194, 225
Judah, House of, 19
Judah, kingdom of, 1, 10-19,
21, 22, 40, 41, 45, 52, 54,
60, 63, 78, 90, 120, 125,
141, 163, 164, 169-173,
181, 185-187, 194. 196,
206, 208, 218, 224, 232,
242, 248
Judah, Persian province of,
19, 20
Judaic/Hebraic elements in
Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133,
136, 142, 178, 224, 226-
253
Judaism, 10, 20, 21, 23, 24,
26, 47, 49-51, 59-62, 80,
132, 133, 140, 142, 143,
155, 163, 168, 174-176,
181-183, 186, 224, 227,
237, 239-243, 245-247,
249, 251, 253
Judas Maccabeus, 23
JudeoArabic, 188
Judeo-Christianity, 240
Judges, 10, 21
Judges, Book of, 48, 55, 65
Judgment Day, 1, 147
Julian, 145
Julius Caesar, 24
Junipers, 165, 207
Jurhum, 228, 233, 241
Just Master, 150
Justin I, 138, 144, 145
Justin II, 138, 145
Justinian, 138, 145, 153
Ka’bah, 5, 228, 230, 233
Kansha, 249
Kaplan, Steven, 245, 246
Karaites, 62
Karnak, 170
Kassala, 74, 75
Keall, Edward, 203, 204
Kebra Nagast, 32, 79, 83, 91-
93, 96, 100, 102, 108,
109, 111, 112, 114-159,
161, 181, 209, 217, 218,
220, 222, 235, 252, 258
Keller, Werner, 42
Kenites, 225
Kenya, 27, 163, 173, 242
Kenyon, Kathleen, 35, 200,
227
Keren, 160
Keturah, 225
Khadijah, 178
Khamis Mushait, 81, 195,
202, 207, 217, 226
Khamtanga, 160
Khartoum, 165
Khaybar, 81, 175, 176, 184,
185
Khoury, Chris, 201
Kings, Book of, 12, 18, 42, 45,
55, 79, 92, 114, 255
Kitab al Aghani, 162
Kitor, 98
Knauf, Axel, 206, 224
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Knights Templar, 130 Linguistics/Linguistic

Kohenin, 241-243, evidence, 5, 32, 39, 48,
Korea, South, 91 76, 81, 117, 161, 162,
Korean, 190 188-190, 193, 197-200,
Krauthammer, Charles, 31 221, 253
Krbym/Cherubim, 195, 227, Linguists, 162
234, 235 Luke, Gospel of, 1, 79
Ksm, 134 Luxor, 6, 44, 170
Ku’bar, 156
Kubbe, 229 Maasai, 189
Kureishi, Hanif, 73 Madagascar, 74, 173, 242
Kush (person), 75 Mahmal, 230, 235
Kush/Cush (see Cush), Mahoza, 60, 61, 71, 145
Kushi (Samaritan/African), Mahrem, 134, 135, 137
12, 130, 176, 185 Mai Bela, 77-79
Kushm, 221 Maimonides, Moses, 8
Kuthah, 196 Makari, 123
Kws, 7, 70, 195, 196, 207, Makeda (see Queen of
217, 218, 231, 231, 237 Sheba), 75, 79, 86, 87,
116, 118
Lachish, 36 Makharam, 131
Ladino, 63 Malagasy, 242
Lake Hayq, 156 Malawi, 241
Lalibela (New Jerusalem in Malaysia, 88
Ethiopia), 156, 157, 216 Male dominated religions and
Lalibela, King (Gabra society, 90, 91, 106, 151
Maskal), 156, 157, 245 Mali, 166, 167
Land grants, 114 Manasseh, 16, 243
Latin, 65, 116, 136, 227 Mansa Musa, 167
Latos, 224, 248-250 Mapungubwe, 242
Law of Moses (Torah), 4, 53 Mar Zutra II, 60
Lbyn, 207 Marcian, 145
Lebanon, 28, 43, 50, 94, 194, Margoliouth, David S., 186
207 Marib/ Marib dam, 79-82, 84,
Lemba, 8, 133, 224, 241-243 85, 111, 154, 195
Lemche, N.P., 38, 51 Mark Antony, 24
Leslau, Wolf, 72, 190, 192 Markab, 230
Lesotho, 109 Marsden, Peter, 20, 30
Levant, 14, 37, 164, 168, 202 Marxist Ethiopia, 252
Levi (tribe), 7, 194, 222, 225, Mary, sister of Christ’s
248 mother, 183
Levites, 17, 94, 133, 222, 227, Mary, Virgin, 147, 163, 181,
229 182, 241, 154
Leviticus, Book of, 2, 55, 109 Mary/Miriam, Virgin
Liberals, 73 (Najran), 182, 222, 249
Libya/Libyans, 3, 138, 168, Masoretes/ Masoretic
170, 180 scholars, 53, 63, 66-70,
Lihyanic, 81 195
Liliths, 99 Masruq, 152, 233, 234
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Mattathias, 23
Matthew, Gospel of, 1, 79,
115
Maxentius, 60
May Qoho, 75
Mazar, Benjamin, 30
Mazber, 75
Mazrui, Ali, 246
McGovern, Patrick, 47, 165,
166
Mdyam, 212, 215
Mecca, 5, 99, 154, 155, 164,
167, 175, 178-180, 184,
185, 188, 192, 194, 218,
228, 229, 231-233
Medina/Yathrib, 85, 162, 172,
175, 176, 179, 180, 185,
188, 202, 218, 231
Mediterranean, 12, 15, 25, 30,
49, 50, 59, 84, 134, 153,
169, 174, 178, 193, 205,
207
Medyam, 148
Megaliths, 203, 204, 222
Megiddo, 35, 36, 45
Mekele, 89, 112, 118, 128,
189
Menelaus, 23
Menelik II, 249
Menelik, 78, 87, 118-123,
125, 127, 137, 143, 148,
209-211, 215-218, 220,
222, 223, 235-237, 241,
142
Merneptah stela, 44
Meroe, 40, 165, 172
Meroitic, 40
Mesopotamia, 4, 5, 10, 17, 18,
23, 25, 37, 38, 59, 70, 81,
85, 140, 141, 153, 164,
171, 172, 205
Mesr, 125, 214, 216-218
Mesrin, 125, 210, 211, 215,
216, 218
Messiah, 16, 19, 68, 104, 140,
142, 237
Metal working, 7, 242
Metathesis, 67, 193
Meteorites, 5, 228
Metera, 79, 134
Micah, Book of, 18, 55
Michael of Fuwa, 223
Michael, Archangel, 125
Midgan, 130, 159
Midianites, 225
Midrash ha Hefez, 102, 106
Midrash Mishle, 102, 106
Midrashim, 115
Miller, J.M., 46, 52
Milvian Bridge, Battle of, 60
Minaen and inscriptions, 161,
186
Minerals, 111
Minor prophets, Books of, 55
Miracles of the Virgin Mary,
253
Miriam, sister of Moses, 7
Missionaries, 32, 137, 141,
142, 150, 233, 244, 247
Mizpah, 20
Mkrb/Mkrbm, 83, 84, 128,
134, 195
Mlk, 83, 128, 134, 139
Moab/Moabites, 38, 43, 63,
148, 196
Moabite stone, 44
Modern Hebrew (Ivrit), 62,
67, 68
Monarchy and kingship, 1,
11, 19, 28, 43, 48, 51, 54,
56, 57, 89, 108, 115, 132,
133, 136, 137, 140, 142,
145, 148, 157, 158, 187,
202, 206-208, 223, 243,
244, 247
Monasticism, 58, 138, 141,
150, 152-154, 246, 247,
250, 251
Mondale, Walter, 31
Monophysites, 137-139, 141-
146, 150-152, 154, 155,
157, 158, 175, 181, 199,
223, 237
Monotheism, 7-9, 11, 166,
168, 179, 208
Mormah, 36
Mormons, 48
Morocco, 166
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Moses, 2, 4, 6-10, 21, 22, 29,
40, 45, 48, 53, 56, 57, 62,
65, 69, 71, 110, 149, 155,
156, 162, 171, 181, 185,
186, 194, 203, 204, 207,
208, 221, 225, 227, 238,
241, 244, 245, 253
Mot, 9
Motu, 205
Mount Gerezim, 24
Mount Horab, 208
Mount Nebo, 204
Mount Sinai and Sinai
peninsular, 4, 7, 37, 38,
42, 71, 125, 212, 215,
217, 220, 221, 227
Mount Zion, 18
Msrm, 7, 70, 195, 202, 207,
220, 226
Msrym, 202, 207
Muhammad, Prophet, 83, 99,
152, 175, 178-184, 186,
188, 221, 226, 228, 229
Munro-Hay, Stuart, 233, 234
Mycenaean civilisation, 38
Myrrh, 85
Nabodinus, 17, 171, 172
Nabopolassar, 16
Nadab, 104
Nabad (place), 230
Nadir, 176
Najran, 85, 86, 140, 152, 182,
207, 222, 233, 234, 248
Napata, 172
Napoleon, 39
Nashwan ibn Sa’id alHimyari,
89
Nasrani, 248
Nazarenes, 56, 136
Nazareth, 248
Nazarite, 56, 237
Nazis, 28
Nazret, 157
Neaderthals, 88
Nebuchadnezzar, 17, 40, 170
Necho, 243
Negev, 37
Negus (king) of Aksum, 37
Nehemiah, 19, 20
Nehemiah, Book of, 56
Nestorius/ Nestorian heresy,
149
New Jerusalem (Palestine),
21, 22, 24, 57, 58, 69-71,
173, 174, 184
New Kingdom (Egypt), 9
New technology, 203
New Testament, 31, 60, 79,
115, 136, 144, 150, 181,
183, 238, 247, 248, 253
New York Times, 42
Newby, Gordon D., 162
Nicaea, (see Council of
Nicaea)
Nicaean Creed, 60, 115
Nigeria, 167
Nikaule (see Queen of
Sheba), 87
Nile 4, 6, 14, 74, 125, 134,
153, 156, 168, 170, 172,
190, 192, 202, 207, 216-
218, 222, 223
Nine Saints, 137, 141, 143,
233, 243
Nisibis, 140, 149
Noah, 147
Nöldeke, Theodore, 116, 231,
232
North Africa, 61, 153, 155,
173, 178, 180, 241
North Yemen dialect, 189
Northern Arabia, 14, 81, 224
Noth, Martin, 54, 194
Noural Rouz, 87
Nubia, 6, 192, 202, 203, 207
Occupational castes, 130
Octavian (Augustus), 24
Ofer, Avi, 36
Ofte, 230
Old Testament, 1-30, 32, 34-
41, 43-46, 48-51, 53-56,
62-72, 79, 80, 82, 91, 96,
98, 100, 102, 106, 109-
112, 115-117, 127, 128,
131, 136, 142, 144, 147-
150, 158, 159, 161-164,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
168, 170, 172, 174, 181,
185-190, 192-196, 200,
202, 204-208, 217, 221,
224-233, 236, 237, 242-
246, 250-253
Oman, 85, 161
Omri, 14, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44,
163, 165, 171
One substance (humoousios),
137
One True God, 66, 83, 97, 98,
110, 221, 225, 229,
Oniads, 23
Oracles of Baarlam, 48, 65
Orangutans, 74
Origen, 115
Oromo, 128
Oxford Bible Atlas, 197
Oxus river, 180
Pagans/Paganism, 9, 16, 59,
60, 76, 86, 127, 132, 135,
143, 154, 156, 166, 167,
178, 179, 182, 186, 228,
232, 236, 237, 240, 241,
243, 244, 254
Palestine/Palestinians, 5, 6 ,
17, 18, 23-30, 32-34, 36-
38, 41, 43-46, 48-51, 58,
59, 66, 69, 71, 72, 111,
113, 129, 130, 132, 133,
138, 141, 153, 158, 159,
161, 162, 164, 165, 168-
178, 181, 182, 15, 186,
189, 193, 199, 202-204,
206, 208, 222, 224, 231-
234, 250
Palmyra’ 108, 149
Papua New Guinea, 88, 153,
205
Parfitt, Tudor, 197, 254
Parthians, 23
Paul/Saul of Tarsus, 25, 40,
59, 60, 70, 144, 178, 240,
248
Pemba Island, 163
People of the land
(Samaritans), 12
Perez, 148
Peri, 90
Persia/Persians, 17-21, 25, 48,
57, 59-61, 74, 90, 133,
135, 138-141, 145, 146,
148, 149, 153, 155, 156,
161, 171, 172, 174, 175,
180, 195, 196, 231
Petra, 85, 149
Pharaoh’s daughter
(Solomon’s wife), 43,
127, 148
Pharaohs, 5, 6, 9, 40, 41, 43,
44, 74, 127, 148, 170,
215, 216, 243
Pharisees, 24, 62, 174
Philby, H. St John, 81
Philippines, 88
Philistines, 7, 10, 104, 148,
207, 228, 230,
Phoenicia/Phoenicians, 9, 11,
14, 36, 38, 169, 174
Piracy, 69, 168
Pirenne, Jacqueline, 129
Plague of Justinian, 153-155
Plagues, 7, 15, 16, 171, 228,
244
Poem of Moses, 48, 65
Poles, 28
Polis, 22
Pompey, 24
Portuguese, 163, 246
Praetorius, F., 116
Precious stones, 85, 92-95,
100
Prester John, 245
Priests/priesthood, 1, 3, 6, 7,
10, 11, 15-17, 19-24, 48,
53-54. 56-58, 61, 62, 64,
68, 70, 71, 76, 80, 83, 87,
91, 94, 107, 108, 110,
120-124, 127, 128, 131,
133, 134, 141, 148, 152,
158, 163, 169, 173, 174,
176, 177, 182, 187, 195,
206, 222, 223, 230, 231,
237-239, 241-244, 248,
249
Pritchard, James, 35, 37, 38
Procopius of Caesarea, 153
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Promised Land, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12,
13, 16, 26, 29, 31, 36, 38,
40, 41, 46, 47, 53, 54, 56,
62, 68, 69, 71, 72, 204-
208, 227, 228
Psalm 68, 48, 65
Psamtik II, 172
Ptolemy I Soter, 22
Public works, 6, 7, 11, 34, 41,
43, 171, 207, 247
Punt, 74, 250
Pygmies, 74
Qaba’il, 88
Qades, 212, 215
Qarmatians, 229
Qebuta (ark), 233
Qemant, 159, 224, 237, 244,
249, 254
Qemanteney, 159
Qes, 249
Qosh, 87
Quaraiza, 176
Queen of Sheba, 1, 11, 14, 40,
51, 72-114, 116-121, 124,
125, 127-130, 132, 133,
136, 139, 147, 149-151,
158, 181, 184, 196, 194,
206, 207, 218, 224, 226,
241, 244, 250, 253,
Appendix
Queen of Sheba’s baths, 79,
151
Quiran, James, 245-247
Qumran, 58, 67
Qur’an, 97, 100, 107, 108,
115, 144, 165, 181, 183,
184, 188, 298, 209, 226,
230, 248
Qwarenya, 62, 72, 159
Rabaul, Papua New Guinea,
153
Rabbinical Judaism, 61, 62,
115, 162
Rabin, Chaim, 85, 112, 162,
189, 190, 192, 194, 199,
200, 218, 224, 232, 233
Race purity, 20, 23, 25, 155
Racial superiority, 27, 129,
249
Racism, 12, 129
Radium, 74
Radon gas, 74
Rahman, 83, 221, 222
Ramses I, 203
Ramses II, 6, 7, 9
Ramses III, 14, 15
Ravens, 66, 98
Raydan, 140
Rechabites, 225
Red Sea, 4, 42, 74, 76, 78, 80,
85-87, 125, 134, 135, 139,
154, 156, 165, 175, 176,
181, 195, 202, 203, 206,
212, 216, 217, 20, 221,
236, 243
Reds and Blacks, 128
Rehoboam, 13, 111, 120, 143,
148, 170
Reuben, 194
Revivalist Christianity, 205
Riddles, 90, 92, 101-106
Rift valley, 74
Ring of fire, 201, 206, 220,
227
River of Egypt, 127
River of Ethiopia, 125, 210
Robinson, Edward, 29, 231
Rod of Aaron, 149
Rod of Moses, 149
Rodinson, Maxime, 233, 245,
253
Roman Catholicism, 55, 249
Roman Empire, 25, 26, 60,
125, 137, 139, 140, 141,
143, 153, 178
Roman women, 62
Romans, 7, 23-26, 39, 55, 59,
60, 62, 69, 70, 72, 82,
108, 135-141, 143-145,
148, 149, 153, 174, 175,
177, 178, 182, 186, 206,
233, 239, 250
Rome, 24, 108, 135-138, 147
Rosetta Stone, 39
Ruah (Holy Spirit), 182
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Rub al Khali, 85
Russia/Russians, 27, 28
Ruth, 11, 40, 43, 55, 115
Rwala, 162
Saadiah Ben Joseph, 88
Sab, 129,-131
Saba (Sheba), 80, 84, 140
Sabaea/Sabaeans
(Sheba/Shebans), 14, 75,
76, 80-86, 89-91, 101,
106, 108, 111, 112, 117,
118, 120, 127-131, 134,
139, 151, 161, 169, 172,
173, 175, 186, 189, 190,
193, 195, 206, 218, 220,
223, 234
Sabaean alphabet, 82
Sabaean inscriptions 89, 117,
118, 120, 128, 131, 151,
206
Sabbath, 34, 57, 214, 232,
240
Sacred land, 99
Sadducees, 24
Saho, 129
Salibi, Kamal, 47, 158, 193-
209, 217, 218, 220-224,
231, 146
Salome, 24
Samaria/Samaritans, 4, 12,
14, 16, 19, 22 ,24, 41, 56,
63, 130, 163, 176, 185,
196, 243
Samson, 104, 106, 148, 237
Samuel, 10, 55
San (Bushmen), 77, 88
Sana’a, 88
Sarah/Serai, wife of Abraham,
5 Shar Habil, 88, 89
Sarwat (Tehama), 165, 195,
203, 204, 206,
Sasu, 134, 135
Satan, 150, 237
Saudi Arabia, 32, 81, 82, 165,
193, 194, 196-198, 202,
205, 224
Saudi Arabian government,
198, 205
Sauer, James, 197
Saul (Benjamite king), 10, 48,
162, 194
Saul of Tarsus (see Paul),
Savannah belt, 167, 168
Sayhut, 242
Sb, 83, 84, 128-131
Schneider, Roger, 127-129,
159
Scribes, 1, 3, 20, 62, 63, 125,
209, 216
Sea of Eritrea, 125, 212, 214,
215, 220
Sea Peoples, 13, 15, 168
Second cataract, 202
Second temple, 19, 72, 177
Seleucids, 23
Semien Mountains, 246, 247
Semites, 5, 80
Semitic languages/speakers,
2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 27, 32, 45,
53, 62, 67, 68, 75, 80-82,
89, 112, 128, 129, 148,
155, 157, 159, 181, 183,
189, 190, 192, 199, 202,
224, 225, 231, 236, 239,
241, 242, 244, 253
Senna, 242
Sennacherib, 15, 18, 79, 170
Sephardic Jews, 241
Septuagint, 65, 217
Sesostris I, 202
Sesostris III, 202
Seti I, 6
Sexual temptress, Queen of
Sheba as, 150
Shabako, 15, 79
Shahid, Irfan, 199, 200
Shams, 84
Sharahbil Yakkuf, 140
Sharakh ibn Sharahil, 89
Sharia, 183
Sheba, City of, 195
Sheba-Menelik Cycle of the
Kebra Nagast, 92, 93,
109-112, 115-118, 120,
122, 24, 125, 18, 128,
130-132, 137, 142, 144,
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
147, 149, 150, 157-159,
161-224, 231-236, 239,
241, 243-245, 250, 251,
253-255, Appendix
Sheban kings, 88, 89, 128,
152
Shelemay, Kay, 245, 246,
250, 254, 276
Sheshonk/Shishak, 13, 45,
170, 208
Shiloh, 218, 230, 231
Ships, 122, 207, 220, 230
Shurab el Gash, 75, 76
Sibley Towner, W., 198
Silberman, Neil, 49-51
Siloam, 42
Simeon of Taima, 183
Simeon tribe, 194, 206
Single divine nature, 137
Slm, 42
Snake cult and snakes, 86,
101
Socotra, 96, 88, 161
Sodom, 42, 195
Solomon, 1-3, 8, 10-14, 21,
34-38, 40-43, 45-46, 48,
49, 51, 53-55, 57, 63, 65,
69, 71, 78-81, 85, 92-102,
105-111, 114-125, 127,
131-133, 136, 139, 142,
143, 148, 150, 158, 163,
165, 168-171, 181, 186,
187, 195, 196, 204, 207,
209, 211-213, 215, 216,
218, 220, 222, 223, 226,
228, 230, 231, 234-237,
241, 244, 250, 252,
Appendix
Solomonid dynasty
(Ethiopia), 71, 156, 157,
235, 244, 246, 252
Somalia/Somalis, 8, 45, 85,
112, 117, 128, 130, 131,
134, 159, 176, 239, 244
Song of Deborah, 22, 48, 65
Song of Moses, 22, 48, 65,
110
Songhai, 166, 167
South Africa, 2, 241, 242
South Arabia/South Arabian,
5, 83, 85, 128, 186
South Korea, 91
Southern Africa, 8, 88, 133,
224, 226, 241
Southern Arabia, 1, 5, 14, 25,
61, 76, 80, 83, 85-87, 90,
111, 118, 120, 132, 133,
135, 137, 139, 140, 151,
154, 156, 171, 175, 190,
205, 221, 232, 240, 244,
246, 247
Spain, 61, 153-155
Station of Abraham, 228
Stelae, 43, 44, 86, 96, 250
Suakin, 74
Sudan, 70, 74, 75, 165, 207,
216, 217, 236
Suicide (early Christians),
182
Sumerian, 8, 190
Sun worship, 8, 83, 84, 86,
91, 135
Susa/Shusha, 196
Swadesh, Morris, 190
Swahili, 189, 205
Syncreticism, 15, 57, 132,
167, 244
Syria/Syrians, 4-6, 13, 14, 28,
37, 38, 50, 108, 120, 135,
137, 138, 141, 142, 153,
164, 178, 180
Syriac, 137, 146, 231, 233,
238
T’wy, 202
Tabot (ark), 131, 213, 231-
235, 253
Tabotat (arks), 235
Tabuh (ark), 232
Tabut (ark), 232, 251, 253,
274
Taif, 195, 203, 208
Taima, 14, 17, 81, 85, 169-
172, 175, 176, 183, 196
Takezze, 125, 216-218
Taliban, 20, 30
Talmud, 62, 115, 176
Tamar, 104,106, 107, 148
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Tamil, 85, 113
Tamrin, 117, 119, 123
Tanis, 169
Tanzania, 88, 163, 242
Targum, 96, 100
Targum Sheni, 96-100, 102,
105-108
Tarim, 242
Taxation, 11, 13, 14, 21, 61,
110, 138, 164, 166, 187
Tayyi’ dialect, 189, 192
Teacher of Righteousness, 24
Tebhah (ark), 231, 232
Tebhotha (arks), 232
Tehama/Sarwat (see Sarwat),
Tel Aviv, 34, 36, 49, 224
Tell Abu Hawan, 36
Tell Dan, 45
Tell el Kheleifeh (Ezion-
geber), 42
Tell Mor, 36
Temple of Ammon, 45, 170
Ten Commandments, 8, 53,
109, 123, 227
Ten tribes, 10, 12, 13, 176,
194
Tesfamariam, Tiberh, 250
The Bible came from Arabia,
158, 194, 201, 204
The Sign and the Seal, 222
Thebes, 44, 45, 169, 202
Theocracy, 10, 18, 19, 21, 48,
55, 58, 68, 69, 174
Theodora, Empress, 138
Thomas, Gospel of, 107
Thompson, Thomas, 48, 49,
69, 199, 206, 246, 251
Thutmose III, 6
Tiban Asad Abu Karib, 140
Tigre area of Ethiopia, 221,
240, 245, 249,
Tigré language (Eritrea), 5
Tigrinya, 5, 77, 128, 189, 236,
237, 244, 247, 250
Tizrah, 13
Tobiah clan, 23
Torah (see Law of Moses)
Torrey, Charles C., 83
Towner, W. Sibley (see
Sibley),
Trade/Trade routes, 1, 10,
12 ,14, 27, 35, 37, 41, 42,
45, 74, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90,
91, 100, 113, 117, 120,
134, 135, 139, 155, 161,
164-175, 178, 193-197,
202, 251
Trans-Jordan, 28, 37, 44, 47
Trimingham, J. Spencer, 185,
199
Trinity, 137, 149
Tsa’edakristyan, 77
Tse’azega, 249
Tubba, 140
Tuck, Friar, 2
Tumal, 130
Tunisia, 166
Turkey, 5, 15, 27, 70, 140,
146
Turkish Empire, 26, 28
Turks, 28, 31, 50
Tuscany, 15
Tuwa valley, 209
Tw, 209
Twelve tribes, 5, 9, 12, 17, 22,
187, 204
Twenty first dynasty, 169
Two natures, 137
Tyre, 207
Ugaritic civilisation, 38
Ullendorf, Edward, 217, 244,
254, 278
United Israelite kingdoms, 1,
10, 12, 35, 48, 170, 187
United Nations, 29, 34
United States of America, 8,
48, 64, 51, 173, 254
University of Asmara, 77
University of Pennsylvania,
47, 254
Unknown True God, 5, 11
Upper Nile, 6, 172
Ur, 4, 70, 231
Van der Graaf accelerator,
228
Vietnam, 173
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Vietnamese, 190
Vocalization, 7, 42, 45, 64,
66, 68-70, 98, 134, 193-
195, 208
Volcanoes/Volcanic activity,
6-8, 39, 41, 42, 153, 193-
195, 201, 204, 206, 209,
220, 221, 227, 242
Vowels, 2, 22, 53, 64, 65, 67-
69, 75
Vulcan, 7
Wadi Bishah, 194, 207, 217,
220
Wahb ibn Munabbihi, 90
Wahhabis, 230, 231
Wales, 88
Waraqah ibn Nawfal, 178
Ward, Bill, 199
Weizmann, Chaim, 28
Wellhausen, Julius, 54
West Africa, 167, 169, 188,
223
West Arabian language, 189,
192, 199, 224, 232, 251
West Bank settlement, 51
Western Arabia, 4, 12, 51, 69,
81, 132, 158, 161-226,
232, 233, 234, 242, 244,
252, 254
Western Arabian mountain
deities, 208
Whitelam, Keith, 39, 51
Wild Jews, 176
Wilkens, Iman J., 205
Winckler, Hugo, 188
Wisdom, 1, 12, 86, 91-95, 97,
100-102, 106, 110, 117,
151, 186, 214, 231, 255
Women, 19-21, 51, 62, 80,
87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95,
106, 107, 108, 110, 117,
130, 148, 150, 151, 158,
178, 183, 184, 229, 230,
238 247
World War, First, 28
World War, Second, 33, 77,
251
Writing on the Wall, 17
Wuqro, 128
Xi Wang Mu, 90
Y chromosome, 241, 254
Ya’fur, 99
Yabika Egzi, 157
Yadin, Yigael, 35
Yadir, 175
Yahweh, 208
Yahwist (Old Testament
writers), 54
Yanuf Dhu Shanatir, 139
Yeha, 76, 78, 87, 129, 239
Yehud, Persian province of,
174
Yekunno Amlak, 157, 235
Yemen, 4, 7, 10, 79-82, 84-
85, 88-90, 96, 99-101,
111, 112, 118, 120, 139-
141, 145, 155, 161, 162,
172, 175, 176, 178, 180,
182, 186-189, 192-195,
201, 203, 206, 207, 217,
220-222, 227, 233, 242,
248, 252
Yersina pestis (plague
bacterium), 153
Yeshu (Son of Joseph), 248
Yhwh, 7, 9, 10, 13, 23, 92, 93
Yibir, 8, 45, 130, 131, 159,
176, 221, 239, 244, 151
Yiddish, 63
Yudit, Queen, 156, 190, 244
Yurco, Frank, 44
Za Besi Angabo, 86
Za Sebado, 87
Zadok, 3, 11, 53, 54, 121,
123, 124
Zadok, House of (Priesthood),
11, 16, 58, 141, 242,
Zadokites, 3, 4, 11, 17, 21, 24,
54, 56-58, 62, 107, 141,
142, 173, 243
Zafar, 140, 152
Zagwe, 156-158, 223, 244,
245
 QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL

Zar’a Ya’eqob, 240

Zechariah, Book of, 18, 55
Zedekiah, 17
Zen Buddhism, 107
Zeno, 138
Zenobia, 108
Zephaniah, Book of, 55, 237
Zerah, 207
Zerubbabel, 19, 57, 58, 71
Zimbabwe, 241, 242
Zion (Ark and concept), 18,
27, 80, 121, 122, 143,
147, 212-214, 236, 242
Zionism/Zionist movement/
Zionists, 2, 26-28, 31, 34,
49-51,
Zipporah, 221
Zohar, 115
Zoltenberg, H., 116
Zoroastrianism, 90, 139, 140,
175