Plumbing Design Course Notes

PLUMBING DESIGN COURSE
Engineers House Course Note
Said Elshayeb
aymmhas@yahoo.com
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PLUMBING DESIGN COURSE

1 PURPOSE OF PLUMBING DESIGN SYSTEM
The purpose of plumbing design system, is to provide clean water supply with a suitable capacity &pressure to
water fixtures and to drain the result outside the building safely without affecting health.
1.1 BRIEF FOR PLUMBING SYSTEMS
1. Water Supply System.

2. Sewer Drainage System.
3. Grey Water System.
4. Chemical Waste Drainage System.
5. Storm (Rain) Water Drainage System.
6. Air Conditioning Condensate System.
7. Oil & Grease Drainage System.
8. Basement Floor Drainage.
9. Irrigation System.
10. Swimming Pool System.
1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS FOR PLUMBING SYSTEM
1. UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC).

2. NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE (NPC).
3. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE (IPC).
4. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLUMBING ENGINEERS (ASPE).
5. .‫الكود المصري لتصميم وتنفيذ خطوط المواسير لشبكات مياه الشرب والصرف الصحي‬
6. ‫الكود المصري ألسس تصميم وشروط التنفيذ لهندسة التركيبات الصحية للمباني‬.
7. ‫الكود المصري ألعمال التغذية بالمياه الساخنة وحمامات السباحة‬.
8. .‫الكود المصري لمحطات الرفع‬
1.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
1. Sources of Water.
2. Estimation of Water Demand for a Certain Project.
3. Water Supply Network Component.
1.4 SOURCES OF WATER
The water network of a building/project is being supplied by using one or more of the following sources:
1. Municipal (City-Potable) Water Network.

2. Underground Water Tank.
3. Roof Water Tank.
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1.4.1 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY NETWORK

 Water is supplied from water station after
filtration/treatment to fill Elevated Water Tanks, the
water then supply buildings by the action of gravity.
 Elevated Water Tank is re-filled by using water pumps
located near to the elevated tank.
 Elevated Tanks helps to avoid the intermittent operation
of pumps and thus decrease operating duration of pump
and increase its life time.
Figure 1 Elevated Water Tank
Figure 2 Elevated Water Tank Details

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1.4.1.1 FIXTURES MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
1.4.1.2 FLUSH TANK / FLUSH VALVE
1.4.2 UNDERGROUND WATER TANK

 Underground water tanks are used when a continuous supply of water is needed (Hospitals-Hotels-Office
Buildings…etc.).
 Also water tanks is needed if the project has high water demand and thus has huge pumps which couldn’t
be obtained directly from the municipal water network.
 The underground water tank is filled by municipal water network, then a pumping station is used to
elevate water to the buildings fixtures with the minimum required operating pressure.
 Underground water tanks are being sized according to the desired storage duration and project
application.
 Underground water tanks are commonly made of concrete.

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 Water filters maybe used before filling tanks, if the municipal water network is contaminated.(or at
Hospitals)
Figure 3 Underground Water Tank

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1.4.3 ROOF WATER TANK

 Roof water tanks are used to minimize the capacity of underground water tank and also decreases the
operating time of ground water pumps (LIFTING PUMP).
 Roof water tanks are used to supply the project by gravity so it decreases and minimizes the load on the
ground water pump (regardless of the highest floors which need small capacity pumps due to low static
pressure of water due to low water head).
 Roof water tanks are made of (polyethylene-polypropylene-stainless steel-GRP)
 Roof water tanks are placed at the highest point at roof floor to increase the static head as much as
possible, increasing static pressure would avoid installing an additional roof water network to supply last
floors by additional pumps.
 Civil engineer should be revised for roof tank location and capacities (weight).
 Underground tank supplies the roof tanks by using a lifting pump, and then roof tanks supply the system
directly by a gravity roof water network and a Booster pump for highest floors(if needed).

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Figure 4 Plastic tanks
Figure 5 Stainless steel

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1.4.3.1 GRP TANK

 Corrosion resistant tanks made of composite materials (Glass Reinforced Plastic).
 Used when a specific capacity of water storage tank is needed (a capacity not found in plastic tanks).
 Concrete Roof tanks also may be also used for very hot areas to avoid excessive heating of water or tank
damage.
 If GRP tanks with large capacities will be installed at roof floor, it should be installed on columns to avoid
excessive load on roof floor which would damage roof slab.
Figure 6 GRP above-ground tank

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1.4.3.2 INTERMEDIATE TANK

 For high rise buildings where the static head is very high, an intermediate tank would be added at an
intermediate floor of the building to supply upper floors.
 Two series connected pumps would be used instead of the intermediate tank.

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2 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND

FOR A CERTAIN PROJECT
 Water demand (Capacity and storage duration) for a project should be well estimated to ensure a
continuous supply of water whenever needed by project occupants or equipment.
 The water demands varies from one project to another, also storage duration varies according to project
location and municipal water supply conditions :( 1day storage for a residential building – 2 days for
hospitals etc.)
 Amount of stored water should be well estimated to avoid:
 (Huge capacity & high cost) if overestimation of stored water occurred, OR
 Shortage of water if underestimation had occurred.
 To estimate the required water capacity the following factors should be known:
1. Number of project occupants and equipment.
2. Required water demand for occupants according to the application.
3. Water Storage Duration.
2.1 NUMBER OF PROJECT OCCUPANTS& EQUIPMENTS
The water demand depends basically on the number of project occupants and equipment need to be supplied with
water (if required) such data should be known from one of the following sources:
 Data from project Architect.

 Furniture of drawing plans (number of rooms for hotels /hospitals – number of offices for office buildings,
etc.).
 By estimating occupants number according to the total gross area of the project. (1 person occupies about
100ft2 at office building).

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2.2 REQUIRED WATER DEMAN D ACCORDING TO APPLI CATION

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Example: Estimation of water Tank size
Estimation of water supply requirements for a hotel building (5 Stars) consists of 150 room
Solution
Number of rooms=150
Required water capacity per room=1500 lpd (liter per day including all services and staff).
Total water demand per day=150*1500=225 m3
Water demand for (2) days=225*2=450 m3
2.3 TANKS ARRANGEMENT
OPTION (1):
 Install an underground tank of 2 compartments each of 225m3.
OPTION (2):
 Install an underground tank of 2 compartments each of 200m 3 and a roof top tanks of the remaining
50m3.
3 WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS
1. Outer Water Supply Network.

2. Water Supply Pipes& Accessories.
3. Connection of Water Supply Pipes.
4. Valves Used for Water Supply Network.
3.1 OUTER WATER SUPPLY N ETWORKS

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Main Network:
 Water is being supplied to the project by a buried

municipal network which fills water tanks or
supplies the project directly.
 Water meter and a stop valve Installed inside a
valve pit or another suitable location should be
provided.

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 Water supply network is being buried at a safe underground level surrounded by clean sand layers to
avoid mechanical loads.
 A 15 cm clean sand bedding should be prepared below water pipe, and a minimum of 30 cm bedding
above water pipe should also be prepared.
 The water supply network should be routed around the outer area of the project to supply each water
branch line.
 Water supply network should be routed away from any electrical rooms or hazardous spaces.
 If the water supply and drainage pipes are intersected, water supply pipes should be 30 cm above
drainage pipes.
 Water supply pipes should be 2 meters away from drainage pipes.
3.2 WATER SUPPLY PIPES & ACCESSORIES
 Potable water supply lines are designed to serve 30-50 years.

 The allowed pipe materials for water supply pipes shall be as follow:
 UPVC
 Polypropylene.
 High Density Polyethylene.
 CPVC.
 Copper.
 Galvanized steel.
 Ductile Iron.
 In general, the lead concentration for any pipes used for water supply purposes shouldn’t exceed 0.8%.
3.2.1 WATER SUPPLY PIPES

 Water supply pipe network inside the building is preferred to be at the basement floor to provide
isolating valves at the riser bases (easy accessible).
 If water supply network can’t be installed at basement floor, water network is highly preferred to be
installed at roof floor for a better control of water supply risers.
 Water supply riser is preferred to be routed inside a duct.
 Water supply pipes inside toilets is preferred to be at the high level of toilet (in case that false ceiling is
used).

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Figure 7 Underground water pipe
Figure 8 Clean sand bedding

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Figure 9 Underground P.P water pipe
Figure 10 Underground HD.PE water pipe
Figure 11 Backfilling above water line

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Figure 12 Pipe thrust block
Figure 13 Pipe sleeve

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3.3 CONNECTION OF POLYPROPYLENE& HD.PE PIPES
There are two ways for connecting polypropylene/High Density Polyethylene pipes:
 Welding
 Socket Welding.
 Butt Welding.
 Saddle Welding.
 Threaded Connectors
Figure 14 Butt Welding

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Figure 15 Polypropylene pipe data

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Figure 16 Welding saddle
4 PVC PIPES ADVANTAGES

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4.1 CONNECTION OF PVC PIPE
All pressurized pipes are preferred to be connected by the adhesive tapes.

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5 VALVES USED FOR WATER SUPPLY NETWORK
 Valves are used for water supply network to separate it for ease of maintenance.
 Valves should be made of (copper- stainless steel- plastic – bronze) and should be coated by nickel-
chrome.
 Valves should be installed at water network through a dismantling joint (Erection Joint).
 Types of used valves:
 Sectional Valves& valve pit/ house connection.
 Air valve.
 Drain Valve.
 Pressure reducing valve.
5.1 SECTIONAL VALVES& VALVE BOX
 Sectional valves/house connection should be installed at each branch line of the water supply network to
separate this branch when needed for maintenance.
 Valves should be installed inside an accessible valve pit.
 Most common sectional valves are Gate Valves- Butterfly Valves(light weight-less volume).
 Sectional valves are installed for:
 Each building.
 Between water meter gauge.
 Each home water inlet.
 Each riser and branch.

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Figure 17 House connection

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Figure 18 Valves inside a valve pit

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5.2 AIR VALVE
Used to release the air from water supply network during the filling of network.

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5.3 DRAIN VALVE
 Drain valves are installed to drain the network whenever needed for maintenance or any other reason.
 Drain valves should be installed inside a valve pit.

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5.4 PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE
 Used to decrease the pressure to operate the lines and fixtures below maximum pressure.
 Should be installed inside a valve pit.
 Maximum operating pressure for plumbing fixtures is 4 Bar.
6 TESTING OF WATER SUPPLY PIPES

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PLUMBING DESIGN COURSE

Engineers House Course Note

PLUMBING DESIGN COURSE

1.1 BRIEF FOR PLUMBING SYSTEMS

1. Water Supply System.

1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS FOR PLUMBING SYSTEM

1. UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC).

1.3 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

1.4 SOURCES OF WATER

1. Municipal (City-Potable) Water Network.

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1.4.1 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY NETWORK

Figure 1 Elevated Water Tank

Figure 2 Elevated Water Tank Details

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1.4.1.1 FIXTURES MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE

1.4.1.2 FLUSH TANK / FLUSH VALVE

1.4.2 UNDERGROUND WATER TANK

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Figure 3 Underground Water Tank

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1.4.3 ROOF WATER TANK

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Figure 4 Plastic tanks

Figure 5 Stainless steel

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1.4.3.1 GRP TANK

Figure 6 GRP above-ground tank

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1.4.3.2 INTERMEDIATE TANK

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2 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND

 (Huge capacity & high cost) if overestimation of stored water occurred, OR

 Shortage of water if underestimation had occurred.

2.1 NUMBER OF PROJECT OCCUPANTS& EQUIPMENTS

 Data from project Architect.

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2.2 REQUIRED WATER DEMAN D ACCORDING TO APPLI CATION

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Example: Estimation of water Tank size

Total water demand per day=150*1500=225 m3

Water demand for (2) days=225*2=450 m3

2.3 TANKS ARRANGEMENT

 Install an underground tank of 2 compartments each of 225m3.

3 WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS

1. Outer Water Supply Network.

3.1 OUTER WATER SUPPLY N ETWORKS

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 Water is being supplied to the project by a buried

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3.2 WATER SUPPLY PIPES & ACCESSORIES

 Potable water supply lines are designed to serve 30-50 years.

3.2.1 WATER SUPPLY PIPES

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Figure 7 Underground water pipe

Figure 8 Clean sand bedding

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Figure 9 Underground P.P water pipe

Figure 10 Underground HD.PE water pipe

Figure 11 Backfilling above water line