roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting The caleviation is designed for geometric and strenath design and check of epicylic gearing with straight and helical toothing. The ‘application provides solutions forthe following tasks. Calculation of helical and straight toothing Automatic design of a transmission with the minimum number of input requirements. Design for entered coefficients of safety. Claulation of complete geometric parameters (including corrected toothing). Optimization of toothing by use of proper correction (balancing specific sligs, minimizing speaifc slips, strencth...). Calculation of strength parameters, safety check. Supplementary calculations (calculation of parameters of the existing gear, design of shafts, check dimensions). ‘Support of 2D and 3D CAD systems. Drawings of an accurate tooth shape including data (X,Y coordinates). The calculations use procedures, algorithms and data from standards ANSI, ISO, DIN, BS and specialized Iterature, Ust of standards: 1SO 6336, 1SO 1328, DIN 867, DIN 3960, DIN 3990, ISO 6336-5 and others. Hint: The comparative document Choices of transmission can be helpful when selecting @ suitable transmission type Information on the syntax and control of the calculation can be found in the document "Control, structure and syntax of calculation Information on the purpose, use and control of the paragraph “Information on the project" can be found in the document “Information on the project" Planetary gearings consist of @ system of gearwheels and a carrier. The so-called suns are aligned with the carrier and the central axis of the gear mechanism. The planets are the gearwheels mounted ina pivoting way on the carrier and they mesh with the suns or with each other. The planets may have one, two or more gearings. Two ar multi-speed planets have more constructional variants with wider possibilities; however, they are more complex and expensive to manufacture, You can see an example of a simple planetary gearing with single-speed toothing of the planet below. This basic type of planetary gearing is also handled in complex inthis program. iz 1 ye ‘Simple planetary gearing (differential): (0 Sun; 1 - Carrier; 2- Ring gear; 3 - Planet If all three members of a simple planetary gearing (0, 1, 2) are free, the system is called a differential (2 degrees of freedom), which enables it to compose / decompose two moves into one. That is used e.g. for machine tools (composition) or for 2 car diferential (move decomposition). Ione of the basic members (0 or 2) is connected to the frame, the system is called planetary gearing (1 degree of freedom), specifically a reductor in case of a drive outwards from the sun or a multiplcator in case of a drive outwards from the carrier. The system withthe carrier connected to the frame Is called @ normal transmission or helical gearing. Planetary gearings may be arranged in various ways. The most frequent way includes the serial arrangement, where the total transmission ratio (efficency) is determined by the product of partial transmission ratios (efficiency). The composed gearings often use the possibilty to brake individual members, .e. gear changing, Advantage: ‘Saving of space using an aligned arrangement of the driving and driven shafts Lower weight compared to a normal transmission fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim weeroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting High efficiency even at high transmitted outputs Low radial loading of centre member bearings Compact design Disadvantages: ‘+ Complicated construction, higher requirements for production and assembly accuracy ‘Higher production costs + Some limiting conditions (complex assembly) Use: With respect tothe above-specified advantages, the use of planetary gearings is popular in a wide range of applications (e.9. motor vehicle transmissions, building machinery, lifting equipment, marine transmissions, turbine reducers, etc.) The combination of planetary gearing with hydraulic or friction gearing is also common Applied formulas (calculation of gearing geometry). ‘Some of the most important formulas for calculation of the gearing geometry are specified below. In the formulas, indexes t and 2 are used for @ pinion and a wheel (which is a pair: a sun and a planet, or a planet and a ring gear). For the internal gearing (ring gear), a negative \elue for the number of internal gear teeth is used, ie, also a negative value for the centre distance and diameters Inthe case of planetary gearing, the individual gears are dependent on each other and the gearing must be handled as a whole, incucing the respective constraining conditions (see below). Basic profile parameters: mn (module, DP for inch calculation), o (pressure angle), ha*, c*, -* (cutting tool parameters) Pinion and wheel parameters: 21, 22 (number of teeth of pinion and wheel), x1, x2 (addendum medication), [ (helix angle), b (width of gearing) Transmission ratio j=2/at Bi Module imt = mn j cos([).. Transverse i Grreular pitch p= + mn. Circular pitch pt =p /cos(B) . Transverse circular pitch pth = pt + cos(t) .. Base circular pitch Hi Pressure angle cat = arct(ta(c)/ cos()) .. Transverse pressure angle dawn = arciny(2 © (et +32) / (21 +22) « to(cr) + inv.) .. Pressure angle atthe pitch cylinder cuwt = arciny(2 « (x1 +2) / (21 + 22) + ta(a) + inv(at)).. Transverse pressure angle at the pitch cylinder i Base helix angle b = arcsin(sin(B) + cos(a)) Moore ‘mt «. Reference diameter db = d + cos(at) .. Base diameter dw = d+ cos(at /cos(cLwt) ... Operating pitcn diameter da = mn (z/cos(f) +2 + (ha* +X- AY). Tip ameter df = d~ hf... Root ameter Hi conter distance {21 +22) © mn / (2 + cos(B)) .. Center distance (pitch) av=a+(x1 +32) + mn... Center distance (production) aw =a + cos(at) / cos(ctt) .. Center distance (working) AY = (a aw) / mn + (xl +x2) «Unit correction Hi contact ratio Bq = ((6a1™2 = dbL™Z)AD.S + (6422 ~ d02A2)0.5 + 2+ aw « sin(cwt)) / (2m + cos(att / cOs(B)) . Transverse contact ratio p= b/ mn/ x « sin(B) «. Transverse overlap ratio = €q +p.» Total overlap ratio Principle of corrections, use of corrections. ‘Approaching and withdravial of the production tool from the gear center changes the shapes and therefore also properties ofthe Involute toothing, This creates corrected toothing, The illustration shows: 1 Production tool Produced gear fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 22roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting eh paces ply Correction (addendum mocification) of toothing enables: Achieve the exact axis distance. Prevent undercutting of teeth (roots of 2 small number of teeth might be undercut; tis decreases the coefficient of duration of the meshing and reduces loading capacty of the teeth) iminate sharpness of teeth Prevent creation of production and operational interference of tes Improve the contact ratio (achieve a contact ratio >1) Reduce noise and viorations of the gearing Improve efficiency Increase loading capacity of the gearing (contact, bend, seizure, wear) Sif OQ x=0,25° xe041 x= Example of a tooth profile (2=10, a.=20;p. Hint: Itis recommended to look for more detailed information on possibilities and methods of corrections in specialized literature, Recommended values - optimization. When determining values of corrections, first itis necessary to full functional requirements for toothing, where the most important items include 7 |, where at X=0 the teeth are undercut and the value x=0.7 causes sharpness of teeth. Desired axis distance (given sum of both corrections) lmination of teeth undercutting Alimination of teeth sharpness ‘ter securing function requirements, (t's possible to further optimize corrections In order to improve one of more important toothing parameters, From the frequently used optmizing methods, it possible to optimize the toothing in order to balance specific slips [5.14 - 5.17] and minimize specific sins [5.18]. For other optimizing processes there is a wide range of recommendations in professional literature, Namely the so-called diagrams (charts) of limit corrections, providing a clear view of possibilities and selection of corrections {02} Designing and geometrical relations. The formulas below use the following indexes. For: Sun-0 Planet =1 Ring gear - 2 With respect to the possibilities of assembly and functioning of planetary gears, the geometry ofthe geerwheels cannot be chosen at random. In order to provide proper functioning, the fllowing several conditions must be followed and observed Condition of alignment. The planets ofthe planetary gearings gear with the suns, possibly with other planets, This calculation apples to the joint mesh of a planet with suns (planet, ring gear). AS the planet and the ring gear have the same axis, the centre distance between the planet and both suns must be the same. It applies for the generally corrected wheels thet: aw (0,0 ) with awe (0,L}=mt « (20421)/2 « COs alfat/COS alfawt(o,1)) with aw (1,2)=mt » (21472)/2 « COS (alfat)/COS(alfawt,2)) Note: Inthe program, a violation ofthis condition is indicated by the cells with calculated centre distance highlighted in rec Condition of assembly. For simple planets and unform planet cstribution, the following condition must be compiled wit fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim szroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting 9 = (abs (20) + abs (22))/P With: g- must be a random integer P- number of planets z- number of teeth ‘Note: This concition need not always be achievable (e.9, if speci transmission ratio is required), This condition may be bypassed by tneven distribution ofthe planets, which may result in greater demands on praduction, imbalance of the planet carrer, imbalance of inner forces and increased stress, Condition of backlash between neighbouring planets. This condition provides minimum backlash between the planets vin (1-2 mm, 0.05 ia). Maximum planets P = int{asin((dat-4min)/(aw « 2))) Note: In the program, a violation ofthis condition is indicated by the cells with number of planets highlighted in red. Applied formulas (calculation of stress and safety). The calculations of stress and surface and bending safety are performed in accordance with the ISO 6336 standard. The basic formulas are specified below. Information on calculations of individual coefficients in tne applied formulas can be found in the ISO 6336-1, 6336-2, 6336-3, standard, Contact stress GHO = ZH» ZE Ze 6 Zp + (Ft/ (dL + b) + (U +1) / )O.S... Nominal contact stress (GH = ZB OHO (KA « KV © KH « KHa)0.5 < HP .. Contact stress (GHG = Hlim + ZNT + ZL ZV + ZR» ZW » ZX....Pting stress mit Safety coefficient for surface durability SH=GHG/ GH Tooth-root stress FO = YFa + YSa + Ys + YB + Ft/(b* mn) .. Nominal toath-root stress GF = GFO + KA * KV « KFB © KFa < GFP ... Tooth-root stress GFG = oFlim « YST + YNT « Y5e YR YX + YA« YT .. Tootheroot stress limit Safety coefficient for bending durability SF = OFG/ oF ‘Note: The AGMA standard was not used for the strength calculation as its simpler compared to ISO and includes fewer influences and Input parameters (gearing is usually over designed for ANSY/AGMA). However, ifthe strenath control according to ANSY/AGMA is required, It ‘may be performed in the calculation module for internal anc external spur toothing. Efficiency and losses. The lesses in planetary gearing can be divided into losses due to idle run and losses due to loading. The losses due to idle run (lubrication, Lnioaded mesh, bearings) are dificult to specity analytically and in geneva, they are significantly lower than losses due to loading. The losses due to loading arise during power transmission and include: Losses in gearing The loss coefficient can be approximately described accorcing to the formula: Spur gearing: Cz =0.5 «fe mee + (Wzl + 1/22) Helical gearing: Cz = 0.25 / cos(B) « fe me € « (1/21 + 1/22) with: 21, 22 ~ number of teeth f fiction coefficient (0.04 - 0.08) = mesh ratio. B - helix angle Plus sign (+) for external gearing, (-) for internal gearing Losses in bearings The loss output can be determined from the relation: PVL=weFefer wits W- angular velocity F - resultng bearing loading (carrier, centrifugal force) f friction coefficient (0.004 - 0,005) mean bearing radius Note: The fiction coefficient (or both gearing and bearing) is estimated inthe calculation based onthe selected accuracy level (gearing roughness) and used lubricant. For the calculation of oss (eficency) ofthe planet gearing, we will use the losses inthe helical gearing (carrier stopped) with with: fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 422toa Panto gear with sagt andlical ting 20/21 oss coecient sun - planet a2 loss coefficient planet ring gear 20,22 - number ofteth ofthe sun and ring gear For individual cases of output flow, it epplis forthe loss calulation Geir ore) ‘Sun => Planet (carrier) Cao Sun => Ring gear Ge ire Grr or) Planet (carrier) => Sun oa ors (ir 3) Planet (carrier) => Ring gear Gas Eri ine tire op) Ring gear => Planet (carrier) bao Ring gear => Sun ‘Note: Detailed and accurate identification of losses in the planetary mechanism is demanding and depends on a detailed knowledge of constructon, the used materials and operating conditions. Therefore, itis necessary to consider the values from the calculation as informative The gearwheel transmissions are divided into: Force gears - The gear designed mainly for output transfer and transformation, requires strength desigaycontral (e.g. machinery drives, industrial gear boxes.) Non-force gears - The gear with transferred torsional moment minimum compared to the gearwheel dimension does not require strength design/contral (e.g. devices, control engineering.) Design of force gear. The task to design planetary gearing allows significant freedom in the choice of clameter and width parameters of gearwheels on the one hand, while on the other hand itis necessary to comply with 2 number of conditions (alignment, assembly.) in order to guarantee the gear functions. That is why itis appropriate to proceed in an iterative way and refine the solution and fine-tune the respective parameters ‘gradually Fast (Informative) design: This procedure provides a quick view of the parameters ofthe designed gear. Although such designed gear is normally usable, you can Improve its properties significantly by gradually optimizing the range of parameters. Use the following procecure in designing: 1. Set the performance parameters of the gearing (Wansferred output and speed). [1] 2. Choose the material for all gears, choose the load mode, operating and production parameters and the required safety coefficients. [2] 3. Perform automatic design -> Press the "Spur gearing’/"Helical gearing” button. [2.11] 4, Check the results. Parameter optimizing: Before optimizing the parameters, perform the "Fast (informative) design’ described above first. Then proceed as follows: 1. IF you want to use non-standard parameters of the tooth profile, set them in paragraph [3]. 2. Set the gearwheel parameters (number of teeth, pressure angle and helix angle). (4.1-4.6] 3. Use the slider [4.7] to set the ratio of the sun width to Its diameter, press the "Design gearing” button. 4. Check the dimensions of the designed gear in the schematic drawing. Ifthe cimensions do not sult you, adjust the ratio of the pinion width and diameter and recalculate the gear [4.4] 5. In paragraph [5], fine-tune the centre distance, possibly siding properties by changing the corrections, 6. Check and assess (compare with the Help) the dimensional and qualitative incicators. (6; 7; 8] 7. Check the safety coefficients, (9, 10] Hint: You can change the gearing dimensions by the proper choice of material (possibly is finish). Design of non-force gear. The strength parameters do not require handling or controling when designing a non-force gear. Therefore, choose the proper qumber of Planets [4.1], teeth [4.3] and module [4.9] directly and check the dimensions of the designed gearing. Hint: When designing the non-force gear, choose appropriately low transferred power. In this paragraph, set the basic input parameters of the designed gearing 4,1 Calculation units, Use the drop-down menu to choose the required system of units for calculation. After the units are switched, all values will mediately be re-caloulated automatically 1.2 Transmission type (input/output), Choose the transmission type. The first parton the drop-down menu line specifies which member ofthe planetary gearing willbe the input (you can choose the input power and speed). The second part (after the arrow) specifies the output member, After switching, the speed inputs are also adjusted [1.4] so that the input member speed is non-zero. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim szrots Planete goar wih straight and helical toting 1.3 Transferred power. Set the power on the input gearing member, The normal velues range from 0.1 - 3000 KW / 0.14-4200 HP, and up to 65000 kW /100000 HP in extreme cases. Press the button on the right to perform the calculation for the maximum possible power for the current gearing parameters. 1.4 Speed. Set the speed ofthe gearing input member. The highest speed may be up to 150,000 rpm. The checked checkbox after the input cells indicates locking ofthe respective planetary gearing member. After unchecking, the mechanism acts as a differential => The speed for two gearing members can be selected. ‘The output member speed (in bold) is @ function ofthe number of teeth of individual gearwheels. However, as the number of teeth cannot be designed randomly, itis aporopriate to handle the required output speed in detail in paragraph [4.0 [Note: Use the following line [1.5] to perform the preliminary design of the number of teeth in order to achieve the requested speed of the output member. 1.5 Requested speed. Set the requested output member speed. It must be within the range specified inthe green cel. After pressing the button on the right, the ‘number of teeth will be designed and selected in order to achieve the requested speed. The number of teeth and speed can be handled in detail n paragraph [14.0] Note: The speed range is spectfed for the commonly used number of teeth, A more accurate calculation enabling you to use extreme Values is provided in chapter [14.0]. 1.6 Torsional moment, Tis a result ofthe celculation and cannot be set. 17 Speed (planet in planet carrier). Itspecifes the planet speed in the carrier. Its important for calculating the capacity ofthe planet bearing, which is often a citical place of the gearing 1.8 Transmission ratio 21/20, 22/21, (22/20). Tis the transmission ratio between individual gearing memivers. The third value is important - the transmission ratio (22/20), which indicates the value ofthe helical gearing used in furtner calculations. When designing power gearing, enter other supplementary operational and production input parameters in this paragraph. Try to be as accurate as possible when selecting and entering these parameters as each of them may dramatically affect the properties of the designed gearing. 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 Material of the pinion/ gear. The option is performed, above al, according to the following aspects: Strength Price ofthe material and its heat treatment Workabiity Hardenabilty Degree of loading Dimensions of the gear Serialty of production Usually the principle thatthe pinion has to be harder than the gear (20-60 H8) is followed, whilst the difference in hardnesses increases with increasing hardness of the gear and the transmission ratio. For quick orientation, the materials are cvided into 8 groups marked with the letters A to H, Perform selection of the material in the pop-up list separately for the pinion and for the gear. In case you need more detailed Information on the chosen material, proceed to the sheet "Material", Low-loaded gears, piece production, small-lt production, smaller dimensions Low-leaded gears, piece production, small-lt production, greater dimensions Medium-loaded gears, small-it production, smaller dimensions Medium-loaded gears, siall-lot production, great dimensions Considerably loaded gears, lot production, smaller dimensions Heavily-loaded gears, lot production, greater dimensions Extremely loaded gears High speed gears Materials A,B,C and D, so-called. soft gears - The toothing is produced after heat treatment; these gears are characterized by good running-in, do not have any special requirements for accuracy ar stiiness of support if atleast one gear 's mae of the chasen material Materials E/F,G and H, so-called. hard gears - Higher production costs (hardening +100%, case hardening 4200%, ritrding +150%). Heat treatment is performed after production of toothing, Complicated achievement of the necessary accuracy. Costly completion operations (Grinding, lapping) are often necessary after heat treatment. ‘Own material valies - In case you wish to use a material for production of toothing that isnot included in the delivered table of materials, itis necessary to enter some data on this material. Proceed to the sheet "Materials. The frst 5 rows in the table of materials ae reserved for definition of your own materials. Enter the name of the material in the column designed for names of materials (it will be displayed in the selection sheet) and fill n successively all parameters in the row (white fields). After filing in the fields, go back to the sheet "Calculation’ fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim ozroza3 Planeto gear wih straght and helical toting choose the newly defined material and continue in the calculation, Warning: The material table includes options for the used materials, As the strength values of the material depend very much on the sem- product dimensions, the method of eat treatment and particularly the supalier, itis necessary to consider the values in the material table as orientation ones. It's recommended to consult the particular and accurate values with your technologist and supplier or take them from particular material sheets, 2.5 Loading of the gearbox, driving machine - examples, Setting of these coefficients substantially affects the calculation of safety coefficients. Therefore, try to enter as accurate a specification as possible when selecting the type of loading, Examples of driving machines: Continuous: electric motor, steam turbine, gas turbine With light shocks: hydraulic motor, steam turbine, gas turbine With medium shocks: mult-cylinder internal combustion engine With heavy shocks: single-cylinder internal combustion engine 2.6 Loading of gearbox, driven machine - examples: Setting these parameters substantially affects the calculation of safety coefficients. Therefore, try to enter as accurate a specification as possible when selecting the type of loading, Examples of driven machines: ‘Mi continuous: generator, conveyor (belt, plate, worm), light lit, gearing of machine tool traverse, fan, turbocharger, turbo compressor, mixer for materials with a constant density With light shocks: generator, gear pump, rotary pump With medium shocks: main drive of a machine tool, heavy lf, crane swivel, mine fan, mixer for materials with variable density, rmutt-cylinder piston pump, feed pump I With big shocks: press, shears, rubber calendar, rolling mil, vane excavator, heavy centrifuge, heavy feeding pump, drilling set, briquetting press, kneading machine 2.7 Type of gearing mounting. Selting this parameter affects the calculation ofthe safety coefficient, The type of mounting defines the load unevenness coefficient resulting mainly from the shaft deflections. Use the folowing definition and picture to choose/estimate the type of mounting ‘A. Double-sided symmetrically supported gearing: It's gearing with the gearwheels mounted symmetrically between the bearings (the aistances between the bearings and wheel edge are the same). BB. Double-sided non-symmetrically supported gearing: Is gearing with the wheels mounted asymmetrically between the bearings (the cistances between the bearing and wheel edge are different) , Overhung gearing: Its gearing with the wheels overhung, The shaft is attached (fixed) from only one side of the gearwhee!, Type 1: Rigid box, rigid shafts, robust, roller or tapered roller bearings. Type 2: Less rigid box, longer shafts, ball bearings. A [Note: The construction variants of planetary gearing are significantly richer than for normal spun gearing. In addition, in case of planetary gearing, the forces are composed and act on the sun as well as the ting gear more favourably so the choice of type of mounting willbe most affected by the planet mounting (see the picture), 2.8 Accuracy grade. When choosing the degree of accuracy of the designed gearing, Its necessary to take into account the operating conditions, functionality and production feasibility. The design should be based on: Peripheral speed, transferred power. Operating conditions, desired service Ife and reliability. requirements for kinematics accuracy, noise, vibrations, The accuracy of toothing is chosen to the necessary extent only, because achievernent of a high degree of accuracy is costy, dificult and conditioned by higher demands for technological equipment. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 122roza3 Planete gear wih staght and helical toting Table of surface roughness and maximum peripheral speed Degree of accuracy | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6|7|8|9| s0| a 150 1328 Degree of accuracy legen 3] 2] mu} wle|s|7] 6] 5 Max, surface roughness) O.- Ra max (nm o2 | 04 | 08 | 16 63| 125] 25 Max. peripheral speed Irwis] straight teeth soy emp sys] sy es} ae Max. peripheral speed [m/s] helical teeth 100] a0 | so) 30] 12] 8| s| 3] 3 Orientation values for options ofthe degree of accuracy according to the specication, Degree of | Degree of Specification accuracy | accuracy 150 AGMA Control gears 2-4 Tee Measuring instruments i310 “Turbine reducers 3 3 ‘Aviation reducers 3 Machine tools - 5 5 6 7 ‘Aviation engines High speed gearboxes: Passenger cars Tndustrial gearboxes Light ship engines 7 Rolling mils, locomotives Heavy ship engines, tractors Building and agricultural machines Textile machines e7 =10 e6 =3 27 2.9 Desired service Ife. The parameter species the desired service life in hours. Orientation values in hours are given inthe table. Specification Durability Household machines, seldom used devices 2000 Electric hand tools, machines for short-term Funs 5000 Machines for 8-hour operation 20000) Machines for 16-hour operation 40000) ‘Machines for continuous operation 0000) Machines for continuous operation with log service life 150000 2,40 Coefficient of safety (contact/bend). The recommenced values of the safety coefficient vary within the range: Coefficient of safety in contact SH = 1.1 - 1.3 Coefficient of safety in bend SF = 1.3- 1.6 Hint: Use recommendations in the help to estimate the safety coefficient. 2.41 Automatic design. Decide whether you wish to design straight or helical toothing. The following recommendations can be used for your option: ‘Straight teeth - Suitable for slow speed and heavily loaded gearing, zero axial forces, higher weight. Helical toothing - Suitable for high speed gearing; characterized by lower noise, higher loading capacity, necessity to catch axial forces, \With the "Automatic design’ the setting of parameters of the gearing 's based on the entered power and operational parameters (1.0; 2.0] and on generally applicable recommendations. Manual optimizing can mostly provide toothing with better parameters (welght ‘dimensions) or enable modifications ofthe dimensions based on your own constructional requirements. Warning: "Automatic design’ can modify the parameters which were mocified already in other paragraphs, Therefore, use the "Automatic design’, above all, for preliminary determination of gearing parameters, fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim zeroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting Set the parameters of machining tool and tooth tip relief in this paragraph. The parameters affect most of dimensions ofthe toathing, tooth shape and the following strength parameters, stiffness, durabilly, noise, efficiency and others. IF you don't know the accurate parameters of the production tool, use the standardized type from thelist box online [3.1], namely 1. DIN 867 (a=20deg, ha0=1.25, hf0=1.0, ra0=0.38, d0=0, anp=ddeg, c@=0.25) for calculation in ST units and 3. ANST6.1 (a=20deq, ha0=1.25, hfO=1.0, ra0=0.3, d0=deg, anp=0, ca=0.35) for calculation in inches. External toothing. You can define two types of the tool in the form, with protuberance (A) and without protuberance (8). If you define a tool without protuberance, set the protuberance cimersion d0=0, Set the tool dimensions according to the dimensions in the picture in the modulus ‘multiples "Valve" x “modulus” (calculation in ST units) or as a quotient of "value"/"Diametral Pitch" (inch calculation). Choose a pressure angle in paragraph [4]. The base of tooth can be either bevelled or rounded. Therefore choose only one way. The diagram shows the shape of a tool tooth for wheel/pinion. IF you change tool cimensions, press the respective button which will provide redrawing In accordance with the current set values, cha A ot An accurate shape of tooth and toothed wheel, check of interferences, etc. is described in the paragraph dealing with graphic output and CAD systems. Internal toothing. Internal toathing is mace, in overwhelming majority of cases, by cutting using a circular tool, For the purposes of this calculation we will consider a tool with basic parameters identical withthe designed toathing (an0=an, bO=b, mnd=mn). However, angle b cannot be chosen at random when manufacturing the internal toothing, as itis necessary to proceed from the properties of the machine tool and available tools and itis appropriate to consult this selection with a technologist, You can see an example of such tool in the picture. The current status of tool sharpening equates its unit correction x0. Resharpening of the tool results in the change of correction and subsequently in te change of tool hub diameter. Ifthe value for correction x0 is unknown, just ‘measure the current hub diameter and use the change of correction x0 [3.13] to adjust the hub diameter da0 [3.14] to a required value. X0=0 xO>0 XO<0 3.41 Unit tooth ti Unit tooth tip relief elif. affects the dlameter of addendum circle, Normally c .25 is chosen which guarantees preventing interference for fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim azroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting ‘normally used corrections. Ifthe accurate tool parameters are known, its possible to choose smaller c*, namely 0.15 100.1, and thus achieve increase of pratle bite coefficient. Interference can and should be checked on a detalled drawing, see the paragraph dealing with ‘graphic output and CAD systems, Line [3.10] glves minimum tooth tip relief which can be achieved using the selected tool, The selection of smaller tooltip relieis indicated by red Color of input field. Butzon "<" will transfer the minimum value into the input field, Minimum unit tooth tip reef can be reduced by increasing the height of the tool base. [Note:The planet has two unit head clearances (sun => planet and plank may be specified. That can be done by checking the option on the right, ring gear) while both are dependent and only one of them The geometry ofthe gearing can be designed in this paragraph. The design of the geometry substantially affects @ number of other parameters such as functionality, safety, durability or price, 4.1 Number of planets. Choose the number of planets. Usually 2 to 6 planets are used; 3 planets are used most often. The green bex shows the maximum number (of planets possible for the respective numer of teeth ofthe sun and ring gear. Ifthe assembly condition is not complied with, the cell rhumber turns red, 4.2, 4.3 Number of teeth. Use line [4.3] to set the number of sun and ring gear teeth. The number of planet teeth is calculated automatically. As the number of teeth Inthe planetary gearing cannot be chosen at random (see the theoretical part), erroneous or improper combinations of the number of teet are signalized by a red number. For the sake of simplifying, line [4.2] contains the buttons that enable you to increase/decrease the number of teeth while the number of teeth and addendum modifications are calculated in order to keep the assembly conditions. Hint: Ifthe red numbers signal a problem in assembly, use the buttons on line [4.2] to fine-tune the number of teeth in order to maintain the assemaly. The number of planet teeth can be changed in @ narrow range from the optimum value (4-2). Perform the change by selecting from the list on tine [4.2]. After the change, the values of the addendum modification are calculated automaticaly In order to comply with the condition of alignment. Note: The change in the number of planet teeth is important e.g. if we want to avoid a commensurable number of teeth forthe sun and planet, or to improve the qualitative indicators (change in unt correction) Jn general, the principle applies that increasing the number of teeth (in case ofthe same distance of axes) result in: + increase in surface capacity (contact, sticking, wear) + improvement in mesh ratio + reduction in bending capacity ‘reduction in production costs Recommended values: In general, @ higher number of teeth is recommended for helical gearing and higher performances. 4.5 Normal pressure angle, This angle determines parameters of the basic profile and Is standardized to an angle of 20°. Changes in the pressure angle a/@ affect functional and strength properties. Changes in the meshing angle, however, require non-standard production tools. In case there is no special need to use another meshing angle, use the value of 20°. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 022roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting The letter "X" marks the basic circle Increasing the meshing angle allows: reduction in the danger of undercutting and interference to reduce slipping speeds increased loading capacity in contact, seizure and wear Increased rigidity ofthe toothing increased noise and radial forces Option of values ‘Straight toothing with increased loading capacity requirement - 25 to 28 degrees Helical toothing ~ up to 25 degrees Gearing with a special requirement for quietness - 15 to 17.5 degrees Recommended values: In case you do not have any special requirements for the designed gearing, itis recommended to use 20°, 4.6 Helix angle, The gearing with helix angle = 0 (spur gearing) is used for stow-motion and heavily stressed gearings. The gearing with helix angle > 0 (helical gearing) is used for fast-motion gearings, it has lower noisiness and better load capacity, and enables a lower number of teeth without undercutting. Recommended values The beta angle is usually chosen from the following line of 6,8,10,12,15,20, 25,30,35,40 decrees. ‘Note: In the production of internal toothing (ofthe ring gear) its impossible to choose the angle b randomly. Itis necessary to apply the properties of the machine tool and the tools available and it is best to consult the choice with the technologist. 4.7 Setting the ratio of the width of the sun to its diameter. Use the sider to set the value for the dimensionless coefficient, which defines the ratio of the width of the sun to its diameter [4.8]. 4.8 Ratio of the width of the sun to its diameter. This parameter is used to design the size of the module as well as the gearwheel's basic geometrical parameters (width, ameter). The recommended maximum value is given in the right column and depends on the selected gearwheel material, on the method of gearwheel ‘mounting and on the gearing transmission ratio. Use the slider located on line [4.7] to set ths parameter. After setting the parameter, press the "Design gearing” button. That way you will design the gearing conforming to the required safety [2.10] and other input parameters. After the "Gearing design” is over, check the dimensions (gearwheel widths and diameters, weight). If you are nat satisfied with the result, adjust the parameter ofthe pinion width to diameter [4.7, 4.8] and repeat the "Gearing design’ Upon the start of "Gearing design’ the modules (DP) are gradually placed into the calculation from the table, the width of the gearing is ‘ealculated and the minimum module (DP), which stl conforms to the strength conditions, is defined. Recommended values: fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim searoza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting Lower values - narrower gearwheel design, larger module, spur gearing Higher values - wider gearwheel design, lower module, helical gearing Note: Exceeding the recommended range is indicated by a change in number colour. It's possible to use values lower than the recommended ones without problem. Values higher than the recommended ones should be consulted with @ specialist. Hint: Ifyou cannot approach the required gearwheel dimensions using the change in this parameter, try to change the number of teeth, helix angle or choose a cifferent material, 4.9, 4.10 Module / Diametral Pitch. This is the most important parameter that defines the size ofthe tooth, i.e. ofthe gearing. In general, it applies that for a higher number of teeth, a smaller module can be used (higher P value for inch version of calculation) and vice versa, In the right drop-down menu, there are standardized module values / Diametral Pitch and the value selecte¢ from this menu is added automatically to the Box on the lft, Use the selection on the right to switch between the option to set the module or Diametral Pitch Note: Designing the correct size of module is a rather complicated task. Therefore, we recommend using the procedure for the design of ‘gearing based on the ratio of the pinion width to diameter [4.5]. 4.13 Face width. The width of the gearing of indivicual gearwheels is measured using a pitch cylinder. After the button on the rights pressed, the values conforming tothe selected ratio yd from line [4,7, 4.8] are completed, Recommended values: Depend on the selected material and type of gearing construction (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5]. See the previous line for the recommended value range, 4.14 Working face width. This is 2 common width of both gears on rolling cylinders. Ifthe gears are not in offset positions (Fig. 4.1), itis mostly the width ofthe gear This width is used for strength checks of tasthing. In case the check box inthis row is enabled, the "Working width of toothing” i filled out automatically withthe lower value ofthe width of toothing from the previous row [4.9] 4.17 Approximate weight of the gearing. This is calculated as the weicht of fll cylinders (without weight removal and holes). It serves for quick orientation during the desion ‘Note: For internal toothing, the weight of wheel is counted as a tube with thickness equal to tooth depth, 4.18 Minimum coefficient of safety. The line always gives the lowest ofthe coefficients for individual gearwheels. The first column specifies the safety coefficient for surface durability, the second column gives the safety cocfficient for bending durability 4.19 Movement of gears (step and current angle). As itis not always easy to imagine the mutual movement of all gearwheels (especially for 2 differential movement), it is possible to simulate the movement of individual gearing members. Specify the step which the input member is to use to move and use the slider to change the input member gear angle. 4.20 Normal backlash, This is the perpendicular (shortest) distance between non-working sides of teeth. A backlash is necessary to create a continuous layer of lubricant on sides of teeth and to overcome production inaccuracies, deformations and thermal expansion of individual elements of the ‘mechanism. Very small clearances are required in gearing of cantrel systems and instruments and if it is not possible to eliminate it, gearing with automatic take up of backlash is usually used. Great backlash must be chosen with heavily loaded gearing (thermal expansion) and high-speed gearing (nydraulc resistance and shocks with pushing of oll off the inter-tooth gaps. Recommended values: In practice, the recommended values are chosen empirically and you can follow the recommended values in row [4.21]. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim eeroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting After entering the backlash, the working axis distance [6.10] is modified so that the entered backlash is created. ‘Note: After the change in requested normal backlash, the condition of mutual alignment is violated, therefore, its necessary to recakulate the coefficients of the addendum modification, see [5.0], The correction of external gearing or internal gearing proper may be used to affect a range of parameters. First of all itis necessary to ensure functioning, and then the performance or strength parameters may be Improved. In case of planetary gearing, the situation is more complicated, The correction of indvicuel wheels cannot be changed "randomiy", First ofall the alignment must be povided, which means that the centre distance of the sun and the planet must be the same as the centre distance of the planet and the ring gear. That means that the corrections depend on each other and if e.g. the correction of the planet is changed, the correction of the sun and ring gear must also be changed in order to maintain the condition of alignment. In this paragraph, you can choose/change the correction of individual gearviheels while the program controls the gearing parameters and informs you in case of an erroneous o° out-ofline setting, \While changing the correction, you can also check the most important qualitative parameters, e.g. mesh ratio, specfic slip and safety Pictures in the calculation, On the left there is a detal of a machine tool (the machining process may be simulated), The accurate shape of the tooth is black and the accurate shape of the machine tool is green. On the right there isa detail ofthe mutual positon of a pitch, tp, raot and base diameter in the ‘mesh point (dashed - root diameter, dot-and dash - pitch diameter, soli tip ciameter). oy Refresh 00 “180 20.0 200 “30.0 5.4 Types of corrections. Line [5.2-5.4] specifies some minimum values of corrections in order to achieve the selected parameters of individual gears. 5.2 Permissible undercutting of teeth. In practice, a slight undercutting of teeth is acceptable. The given value is the minimum (limit) value which leads to a slight undercutting of teeth, The value of the correction should not be lower except in some special cases. This is the minimum value of a correction which can be used without admissible (minor, tolerable) undercutting of teeth, 5.3 Preventing undercutting of teeth. This is te minimum value of a correction which can be used without undercutting of teeth, 5.4 Prevents tapering of teeth. This isthe minimum value of a correction which can be used without tapering of teeth, 5,5, 5.6 Planet addendum modification coefficient setting, order to maintain the alignment condition, only one correction value can be changed - the planet in this specific case. Other corrections are calculated. You can use the slider to change the addendum modification coefficient for the planet, the current value is displayed on line [5.6]. The change is in steps of 0.1/0.01 of module; you can set the more accurate (own) value on line [5.6] fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 1922roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting 5.7, 5.8 Sum of addendum modification coefficients. On ine 5.8 you can set the sum of addendum modification coefficients for the sun and the planet and forthe ring gear and the planet. Unfortunately, these values cannot be selected randomly, the condition of mutual aligament must be observed (see the theoretical part). The two buttons on the right provide setting ofthe values in order to keep one of the sums zero, and the other is calculated in order to maintain the alignment condition (aw0l +awi2 = 0). [Note: In order to provide the existence of the gearing (resp. its functioning) there are certain minimu/maximum values of sums of ‘addendum modifications thet may be applied. Line [5.7] specifies the values. More frequently, however, the task includes the setting ofthese values in order to achieve the required ax’s distance, which is handled on line (5.10) 5.9 Centre distance. There is a centre distance for the sun and planet and for the ring gear and planet, Both values (or their absolute value) must be the same, If the values differ, the condition of alignment is not maintained and the gearing cannot function properly. In such case, select the centre distance and calculate the addendum modifications see [5.10] 5.10 Required axis distance. Probably the most frequent geometrical task will apaly to the design of addendum modification coefficients in order to achieve the required axis distance, While keeping a reasonable tooth shape, the axis distance for the specific module and numbers of teeth can be achieved from the interval given in the green cel. For a diferent axis distance, you must change the number of teeth, possibly the gearing module (CP). Set the required axis distance in the input cell (it must be from the range of permissible values) and press the "=aw' button on the right. ‘That will perform the calculation and the values of the sums of adéencum modification coefficients are completed in order to achieve the required axis distance. Qualitative indices, ter a change in corrections, itis advisable to watch the behavior of these indices. Exceeding citical values is indicated by a change in the umber. 5.11, 5,12 Total contact ratio, Detailed description [8.1] 2 [8.2] 5.13 Unit tooth thickness on the tip diameter, This is 2 dimensionless parameter (proportion ofthe tooth thickness and the module) and depends, above all, on the tooth shape. The following parameters also have certain effects: higher number of teeth [4.31 lower addendum modification coefficient [5.6] smaller meshing angle [4.5] = greater sa* ‘greater helix angle [4.6] = greater sa* Recommended values Usually is 0.25 - 0.4, Higher for low values ofthe addendum mocification coefficients and hardened gears. A smaller value than the recommended is indicated by a red text, exceeding the limit of tooth sharpness by a red field, 5.14-5.17 Specific sliding on tooth root/tip. One of the most frequent optimizing tasks applies to finding such addendum modification coefficients x0, x1 and x2 in order to balance the specific siding on tooth tips / roots ofthe sun and planet and the planet and ring gear. The principe is described in professional Iterature, In this calculation, line [5.14, 5.15] speci the specific sliding on the tooth root (tip) of the sun and planet and line [5.16, 5.17] the specie sliding on the tooth roat (tip) of the planet and ring gear. Press the button on the right to set such value of addendum modification cnefficient x1 In order to achieve the balancing of specific sliding for the palr sur/planet o planet/ring gear. Ifthe recommenced values of addendum modification coefficients x0, x1 are to be exceeded, the limit recommended values are used => the required balancing of specific sliding cannot be achieved This optimization method is suitable for gears with approximately the sarme number of teeth and made from the same material, In case the ‘number of teeth differs, the teeth of one gear mesh more frequently than the teeth of the other gear and with balanced specific sliding, the root of the more stressed gear is more prone to pitting. 5.18 Sum of all specific stings. Therefore, the more appropriate method than using a correction to balance the specific slidings may use the correction in order to achieve the minimum sum of absolute values for all specific sidings. In such case, ts also advantageous that the transmission efficiency increases (losses due to friction are reduce). Press the button on the right to set the value of addendum modification coefficient x1 in order to ‘minimize the sum ofall specific sidings, 5.19, 5.20 Safety coefficients for bending surface and bending durability. Detailed information [10] 5,21 Display of tooth and tool turn for: Use this Ine to specify which detailed tooth and tool prafile is to be displayed, Use the slider on the right to set the tool turn in cut This paragraph includes a well-arranged Isting of al basic dimensional parameters of taathing. An informational lustration ofthe most important dimensional parameters is civen here. Itis recommended to use specialized literature for 2 more detailed description of individual parameters. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim wearoza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting Specification of dimensions according to 1S0 (DIN) This paragraph includes the minimum numbers of teeth which can be used with zero correction without undercutting or tapering of teeth. This includes the parameters which inform us ofthe quality of the designed toothing. values, 8.1 Transverse contact ratio. For smooth meshing of gears, itis necessary that the other pair of teeth enters in meshing before the first pair is released. The contact ratio inthe face plane says how many teeth are in meshing simultaneously, With the value € q-=1 this corresponds toa limit case when only one Pair of teeth is in meshing atthe given moment. With the value &¢ tis advisable to compare them with the recommended there are two teeth in meshing simultaneously. In case the value is between 1< £q,<2, the meshing wil include partly one pair of teeth and party two pairs. The parameter depends on a number of effects. (Increases with the number of teeth, decreases with the pressure angle atthe pitch cylinder yy). Recommended value: According tothe complexity ofthe gearing this parameter should not be lower than 1.1 to 1.2 8.2 Transverse overlap ratio. ‘The transverse overlap ratio is applicable in the case of helical gearing (angle B>0) and then the meshing angle is evaluated £4 [8.21(sum £0.8&B). 8.3 Total contact ratio. This isthe sum of transverse contact and overlap ratios. Recommended value: This is specified using the same recommendations as Ect incase of spur gearing, This means tra 8.4 Coefficient of gear unloading. This parameter gives the ratio between the root diameter and the inner diameter ofthe toothed rim d/df. It is characterized with values in 2 range from 0 to 1. In case the evaluated gear willbe produced as a solid disc (without weight recuction), the parameter = 0. This parameter affects calculations of critical speed of the gearing. Warning: For internal toothing the parameter expresses the thickness of toothed rim x as a multiple of tooth depth, 3 il 'y must always be higher than 1.2. a ieceeed a > | lV. 8.5, 8.6 Resonance speed. This is the speed at which the angle speed is the same as the proper angle vibration frequency of the gearing. This causes undesired fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim 1922roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting resonance effects. 87 Resonance ratio. This isthe ratio of pinion speed and "Critical speed". Sub artical range: N<0.85 Range of main resonance: 0,851.i5 Incase the designed gearing works inthe range of ertical speed (N ~ 1), the resonance ratio Ni incicated by @ red number. In such cases, modificatons ofthe designed gearing (changes of numbers af teth) or consultations with a specialist are recommended 8.8 Approximate weight of the gearing. This is calculated as the weight of solid cinders (without weight reduction or holes) It can be use for quick orientation during the design works. 8.9 Losses in the gearing. The approximate calculation given in the theoretical part of the Help is used for the calculation 8.10 Losses (gearing, bearings, total). There are performance losses in the gearing, losses in bearings and their sum. Cakulation according to 150, The standard 150 6336 defines 5 levels (A,8,C,D and &) of complexity of determination of the coefficients used for calculation of safety coefficients, When determining the coefficients inthis calculation the most frequently methodologies B and C (exceptionally D) are used. ‘Note: Most coefficients id are calculated adkitionally and retrieved using the information defined in paragraphs [1,2,4 and 5] so that no Unnecessary questions are asked ofthe user which he cannot answer, In case you ere an expert inthe field of strenath checks of gears, you can directly overwrite the formulas for determination of individual coecien with your own numerical values, Hint: A detailed description of functions of individual coefficients, the method of ther calculation and limitation can be found in the respective standard ISO/AGMA or in specialized iterature, 9.15 Lubricant factor. Use the drop-down menu to choose the type of ol. For less stressed gearings, you can use mineral ol for higher speeds, higher transmitted power and higher efficiency requirements, its more appropriate to use synthetic ol, Some advantages of synthetic ols + Reduction of total losses of 30% and more + Reduction in ol working temperature + Increasing the interval for oil repiacement by 3-5x (reduction in maintenance costs) On the other hand, the price is higher, there may be problems with plastic or rubber parts, andthe mixing with mineral oli imited 9,17 Roughness factor affecting surface durabilty. If the firstitem in the “Automatic lists selected, the applied surface roughness will be derived from the selected degree of accuracy. However, a diferent value may be se, ifit is known 9.31 Stress correction factor. If the strength values ofthe used material are set in accordance withthe ISO 6336-5 standard, the stress correction factor is YST = 2. In case the strength values speciid for the test sample without a natch are used, the stress correction factor is YST = 1 (for materials from the material database for this calculation). Note: Detaled information can be found 180 633655 standard, Two basic strength calculations are usualy carried out, namely for bend and for contact. The fllowing safety coefficients are calculated in this caleulation: For fatigue in contact. SH For fatigue in bend SF A inital values of the safety coefficient you can use: Coefficient of contact safety SH = 1.3 Coefficient of bending safety SF = 1.6 Safety coefficients can then be modified according to general recommendations for options of safety coefficients and according to your awn experience. This paragraph specities two basic check dimensions of toothing. They are the dimension across the teeth W [11.3] and cimension across the rolls and balls M (11.6). After checkng the check box tothe right of the value of number of teeth that the measurement applies to [11.2] and the diameter of rollfball [11.5] you can set your own values, Other check dimensions required for production of toothng are ted to fitting of toothed wheels and manufacturing method and therefore clase cooperation of a designer and a technologist is appropriate. fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim wearoza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting Ww In loaded gearing, forces which are transferred to the machine structure arise, In order to ensure proper dimensioning of the equipment, knowledge of these forces is essential. The orientation of the forces is described inthe picture, the size of forces and loads is specific in this paragraph (12.1 - 12.10). ba SA Hew PRE tis the force that results from the effects of the planet carrier on the planet (or vice versa). 12.6 Centrifugal force on the planet. The rotation ofthe carrier results in suficent force caused by the rotation ofthe planets around the central axis, This force must be retained by the planet bearing (bearings) and must be considered in the bearing design, This force may be critical for higher speeds and its precise value should be found from the accurate model of the planet. The force in the calculation is derived from the estimated planet weight, including the unloading, see [8.4]. 12.7 Radial force on the bearing in planet. Iisa vector sum of forces Fo-p and Fe [12.5, 12.6]. 12.8 Rated torque. The value of torque used for strength checks. 12,9 Rated rotational speed. The speed used for strength checks, 12.10 Bending moment (planet). In case of helical gearing, there is an additional bending moment which affects the planet and which must be considered in the design of planet bearings and shaft. There is no additional bending moment in the case ofthe suns (sun and ring gear), FE Fn Fr fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim sea.roza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting 12.11 Peripheral speed on the pitch diameter. This is another important qualitative parameter which affects the required gearing accuracy [2.6] and the method of lubrication (Gear lubrication), The maximum recommended speed for the selected accuracy degree is shown in the green cell on the right. 12.12, 12.13 Specific / unit load. tis another qualitative factor used in the calculation of "Tooth load unevenness coefficient’. This paragraph specifies the material characteristics ofthe chosen material for all gears. Hint: The material values proper may be set in the sheet "Materia The constuction requirements may also apply in achieving the accurate output speed, The procedure in this paragraph may be used to do this. In the calculation, the respective number of teeth forthe ring gear is calculated for all combinations ofthe teeth of the sun and planet from the range defined on line [14.3, 14.4]. Next, the speed of the output member is calculated for each combination. The results are cdsplayed in table [14.5] Press the button on line [14.6] to start the calculation. When it finishes, the best result is transferred automatically back into the main ‘elution, After you have chosen a different solution from the table, the respective number of teeth is transferred into the main calculation again, This paragraph gives desions of shaft diameters (steel) which correspond to the desired loading (transferred power, speed). These values are orientation values only; itis advisable to use 2 more exact calculation forthe final design. In practice, you face quite frequently a situation where the toothing is unknown and itis necessary to calculate its parameters (competition comparison, production ofa spare gear, ete). Therefore, this provides a simple tool to facitate the primary calculation ofthe basic parameter - module. The procedure with identification, Hi calculate, measure end enter parameters for rows 16.1 to 16.4, Ifthe number of teeth is even (gear A), the parameter with [16.3] is, equal to zero; in case of an odd number of teeth (gear B), measure the distance between the edges of two neighboring teeth with [16.3]. You obtain a nomal module. IIo back to the basic calculation, enter these values in paragraph [4] and examine the calculation. Then measure as many values on the real gearing as possible and compare trem with the calculation results. In case the parameters ofthe calculated and measured gear are different, change inputs of the calculation including corrections [5]. List of possible compared and measured parameters fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim weeroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting Axis distance [6] Head and root clameters (6) Thickness ofthe teeth on the pitch diameter [6] Check dimensions of gearing [11] Iti obvious that the mentioned procedure needs certain skills and experience, nevertheless, in case of common gearing, where production Using common standardized tools and procedures can be assumed, this procedure leads to quite reasonable results, Use the folowing table for your decision on the manner of lubrication of the gearing “Type of lubrication Peripheral speed in [rvs] [feenia) (Oi-bath lubrication <2 -< 2400 Pressure spray lubrication >i > 2400 (Ol: mist lubrication > 60 > 12000 TT Gitbath lubrication... Exceptionally Ifor higher speeds, At higher speeds, certain construcional modifications (holes, channel, et.) are necessary to ensure supplies of oll othe lubricated points, Height ofthe level - the gear is immersed in an oll bath 0.5 to 3 multpes of the teeth height. I Pressure spray lubrication .. Atte speed v=20~A0m/s (4000 to 8000 f/min) oi fs brought tothe enty of gears into meshing; at higher speeds 2so ta the ext from meshing (cssipation of heat). Supples of cil using nzzles. I Using ofl mist .. choose forthe highest peripheral speces, Information on options of 20 and 30 graphic outputs and information on cooperation with 2D and 30 CAD systems can be found in the document “Graphic output, CAD systems". ‘Supplements - This calculatior Angle (3, beveling of the gearing. These parameters set beveling of the gear according to the illustration. 17.4 Detailed drawing of tooth and wheel Besides standard cisplay which is used in drawings of assemblies and details, its also possible to draw a detailed image of the tooth, detail of entire wheel, drawing of whee! engagement and drawing of the tool. Tooth flank is calculated from the simulation ofthe tool bite with the ‘machined wheel which enables determining the exact tooth shape including the tooth flank. A detailed drawing of the whole wheel can be sed as @ document for manufacturing an accurate model in 3D CAD system, or as input data for manufacturing the whee! The table on sheet "Coordinates" cives the coordinates of points on the right side of the tooth line in the system of X,Y coordinates with point 0,0 in the wheel centre, In order to recalculate and generate the current coordinates according to the settings from paragraph [17] press button "Refresh’ Principle of cakculation (generation) of tooth ine: Production tool (B) with dimensions defined in paragraph [3] Is gradually rolled away along the circle (C) with step of angle W and thus creates the tooth line (A) in individual points (2). fe Program FilesiMIT Calg earSetplnigearshim saaroza3 Planeto gear wih staght and helical toting 17.5 Number of drawn teeth. Specify the number of teeth which shall be drawn in partial drafting, 17.6 Number of points of tooth tip. Define the number of points (sections) on the tooth tip, see picture [19.4], reference (1). Range of permitted values: <2 - 50>, recommended: § 17.7 Number of points of tooth flank. Define the number of points (sections) which form a complete tooth flank, see picture [19.4], reference (2) Range of permitted values: <10 - 500>, recommended: 30 and more Warning: I a lerger number of teeth is crosen, the drawing of complete toothing may be quite big and generation may even take several dozens of seconds, 17,8 Roling (turning) of a tool between the bite, It defines the increment of angle for rolling (turning) of the tool during machining of the tooth flank see picture [19.4], angle W. Extent of permitted values: <0.02 = 10>, recommended: 0.5 17.9 Number of tooth copies during bite check. ae e:tiCzProgeam FilesmMITCalelgoarSepien/gearS Himroza3 Pranete goar wit straight ad hata tocthing External toothing. Defines how many positions during the drawing of tocth engagement will be displayed. Extent of permitted values: <3 - 100>, recommended: 20 Internal toothing. As Its necessary and appropriate to check tooth engagement as well 2s potential collisions of teeth for internal toothing, the drawing of complete engagement of outer as well as inner gear is generated for internal toothing. In this case, number of copies of teeth during the check of engagement [19.9] specifies number of pinion copies. ‘Note: Drawving ofthe detail is controled by the settings on line [17.3] 117.10 Turning of pinion during engagement check. Gives turning of the pinion between individual copies of the pinion which ere generated during the check of engagement. Switch "Drawing without axes" defines ifthe axes will be removed in the inserted drawing, 417.11 Gear angie. You can set the angle to affect the fist tooth angle (the tooth gap forthe internal gearing) towards the respective gear centre, For the zero ‘gear angle, the first tooth is drawn upwards on the vertical axis. The positive angle turns the respective gear in the counter-clockwise direction. In order to simplify the setting ofthe position (gear angle) of individual gearwheels or their parts, the four buttons on this line are used, “o'..sets the zero engle "180/2" .. turning the gearwheel by half a pitch "]\ +» turing the tooth (gap) upwards (deta centering) "V'" . turning the tooth (gap) downwards (detail centering) ‘Note: Each change in the detall selection [17.3] requires new setting ofthe gear angle. Accurate model, Tf you need to create an accurate madel of toothing in 3D CAD system, proceed as follows: Hi cenerate complete toothing profile in cf fle, Use the dx fleas a base for toothing profile (different pracedure for individual CAD systems). Stretch the profile to required size. e:tiCzProgeam FilesmMITCalelgoarSepien/gearS Him aesom Pranete goar wit straight ad hata tocthing Example of 3D mode! Warning: I you want to simulate helical toothing ( b > 0), it's necessary to set the respective angle and stretch the generated prafile in CCAD system together with setting the lead angle. Setting calculations, change the language. Information on setting of calculation parameters and setting ofthe language can be found in the document "Setting calculations, change the language”. Workbook modifications (calculation). General information on how to modify and extend calculation workbooks is mentioned in the document "Woskboo (calculation) modifications" Supplements - This calculation: Material list - Method of heat treatment 1L...Non-treated thermally, annealed normalizationaly escProgram FilesMTCalelgoarSrepenigear Him mane