roza3 ‘Spur goaring with straight and tical ooting The calculation is designed for geometric and strength design and check of spur gearing with straight and helical toothing, The application provides solutions for the following tasks. 1, Calculation of helical and straight toothing (external / internal). 2, Automatic design of a transmission with the minimum number of input requirements. 3. Design for entered coefficients of safety (static, dynamic). 4, Calculation of complete geometric parameters (including corrected toothing).. 5, Optimization of toothing by use of proper correction (balancing specific slips, miminizing specific slips, strenath...). 6. Calculation of strength parameters, safety check. 7. Design of gearing for exact axis distance, 8, Supplementary calculations (calculation of parameters of the existing gear, temperature rise, design of shafts, check dimensions), 9. Support of 2D and 3D CAD systems. 10, Drawings of an accurate tooth shape including data (X,Y coordinates). The calculations use procedures, algorithms and data from standards ANSI, ISO, DIN, BS and specialized literature. List of standards: ISO 6336, ISO 1328, DIN 3990, ANSI B6.1-1968, AGMA 2001-C95, AGMA 2001-D04, AGMA 908- 889/95 and others. Hint: The comparative document Choices of transmission can be helpful when selecting a suitable transmission type. Note: The documentation is identical for the calculation of external as well as internal toothing. Differences in the method of calculation are specified in the text. Information on the syntax and control of the calculation can be found in the document "Control, structure and syntax of calculations", Information on the purpose, use and control of the paragraph "Information on the project” can be found in the document "Information on the project”. Geared transmissions can be divided into: Power gearing - In case of gearing designed, above all, for a power transmission and transformation, it is necessary to perform a strength design/check (for example, drives of machines, industrial gearboxes, etc.). Non-power gearing - In case of gearing with minimum transferred torsional moment with respect to the size of the gears, itis not necessary to perform any strength design/check (for example, instruments, regulation devices, etc.). Design of power gearing. The task of a spur gearing design cannot be solved directly and allows considerable freedom as far as options of diameter and width parameters of gears. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed iteratively and successively specify the solution and fine-tune the monitored parameters. Quick (orientation) desigr This procedure provides a quick preview of parameters of the designed gearing. Although this designed gearing is normally usable, successive optimizing of a series of parameters may quite considerably improve the properties of the designed gearing. Proceed in the design as follows: 1, Enter the power parameters of the gearing (transferred power, speed, desired transmission ratio). [1] 2. Choose the material of the pinion and gear, loading conditions, operational and production parameters and coefficients of safety. [2] 3. Use the button for "Automatic design’ (choose helical or straight toothing). [2] 4, Check the results. Optimizing parameters: Before optimizing parameters, first carry out the "Quick (orientation) design described above, Then proceed as follows: letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 282a Sour goarng wih staight ant atcltoohing 1, In case you wish to use some non-standard parameters of the tooth profile, preset them in paragraph [3]. 2. Perform presetting of parameters of the gears (number of teeth, gear mesh angle and helix angle). (4.1,4.2,4.3] Use the slider [4.4] for setting the ratio between the width and diameter of the pinion, then press the button "Design gearing’. 4, Check dimensions of the designed gearing in the schematic illustration. In case the dimensions do not fit, modify the ratio of the width and diameter of the pinion and re-calculate the gearing [4.4]. 5. Parameters of the gearing can be further improved in paragraph [5] using changes of corrections. 6. Check and consider (compare with the help) the dimensional and qualitative indices. (6; 7; 8] 7. Check safety coefficients. [9, 10] Design of gearing for exact axis distance: The design of gearing with a given axis distance is the most frequent task when designing spur gearing. Proceed in such a design as follows: 1, Perform a "Quick (orientation) design’, 2. Try to reasonably bring closer the desired axis distances through changes in the number of teeth, helix angle, and the pinion width and diameter ratio [4.1, 4.3, 4.4]. Ih paragraph [14.0] perform a calculation of parameters and transfer their values to the main calculation. If necessary, check or fine-tune the distribution of corrections for individual gears. [5] Check and consider (compare with the help) the dimensional and qualitative indices. [6; 7; 8] Check safety coefficients. [9, 10] ena Hint: Dimensions of the gearing can be changed considerably using a suitable change in the material (or its surface treatment) Note: For calculation of internal toothing, the following are given with negative value: ~ all wheel diameters ~ all centre distances ~ number of wheel teeth Design of non-power gearing. When designing non-power gearing, it is not necessary to solve and check any strength parameters. Directly choose, therefore, a suitable number of teeth and the module [4.1, 4.7] and check dimensions of the designed gearing. #: When designing non-power gearing, choose a suitably low transferred power. Enter basic input parameters of the designed gearing in this paragraph. 1.1 Transferred power. Enter the power to the driven gear. Usual values are in the range 0.1-3000 KW / 0.14-4200 HP, in extreme cases up to 65.000 KW /100 000 HP. 1.2 Speed. Enter the speed of the driven gear. Extreme speed can reach 150 000 rpm. The speed of the driven gear is calculated Using the number of teeth of both gears. Hint In case you need to calculate the transmission ratio and know input and output speeds, press the button to the right of the input field and perform the respective calculation in the chapter (section) of supplements. 1.3 Torsional moment. This is the result of the calculation and cannot be entered. Hint: In case you need to obtain the transferred power from the torsional moment and speed, press the button on the right and perform the respective calculation in the chapter of supplements. 1.4 Transmission ratio. The optimum transmission ratio varies in the range 2-8. In extreme cases this ratio can reach up to 20. The transmission ratio can be entered in the left input field using the keyboard, The right pop-up list contains recommended values of the transmission ratio and when selecting a value from this list, the chosen value is added to the field on the left automatically. 1,5 Actual transmission ratio, letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 208torts ‘Sur gearing wit straight ane tical toting ‘As the actual transmission ratio is the ratio of the number of teeth of both gears (integers), the actual transmission ratio will be mostly different from the desired (entered) one. The value of the “Actual transmission ratio” is displayed on the left; the percentage deviation from the desired transmission ratio is displayed on the right. This deviation for the transmission ratio should be in the range: T= 11045 srcrerne 2.5% iis greater than 4.5... 4.0% Hint:In case you need to design gearing with a transmission ratio as accurate as possible or need to distribute the ‘transmission ratio among more gears in the gearbox, use "Calculation of the transmission ratio". ‘When designing power gearing, enter other supplementary operational and production input parameters in this paragraph. Try to be as accurate as possible when selecting and entering these parameters as each of them may dramatically affect the properties of the designed gearing, 2.1, 2.2 Material of the pinion/gear. The option is performed, above all, according to the following aspects: Strength Price of the material and its heat treatment Workabilty Hardenability Degree of loading Dimensions of the gear Serialty of production Nowaune Usually the principle that the pinion has to be harder than the gear (20-60 HB) is followed, whilst the difference in hardnesses increases creasing hardness of the gear and the transmission ratio. For quick orientation, the materials are divided into 8 groups marked with the letters A to H, Perform selection of the material in the pop-up list separately for the pinion and for the gear. In case you need more detailed information on the chosen material, proceed to the sheet "Material", Low-loaded gears, piece production, small-lot production, smaller dimensions Low-loaded gears, piece production, small-lot production, greater dimensions Medium-loaded gears, small-lot production, smaller dimensions Medium-loaded gears, small-lot production, great dimensions Considerably loaded gears, lot production, smaller dimensions Heavily-loaded gears, lot production, greater dimensions Extremely loaded gears High speed gears zommoog> Materials A,B,C and D, so-called. soft gears - The toothing is produced after heat treatment; these gears are characterized by good running-in, do not have any special requirements for accuracy or stiffness of support if at least one gear is made of the chosen material Materials E,F,Gand H, so-called. hard gears - Higher production costs (hardening +100%, case hardening +200%, nitriding +150%). Heat treatment is performed after production of toothing. Complicated achievement of the necessary accuracy. Costly completion operations (grinding, lapping) are often necessary after heat treatment. (Own material values - In case you wish to use a material for production of toothing that is not included in the delivered table of materials, it is necessary to enter some data on this material. Proceed to the sheet "Materials". The first 5 rows in the table of materials are reserved for definition of your own materials. Enter the name of the material in the column designed for names of materials (it will be displayed in the selection sheet) and fill in successively all parameters in the row (white fields). After filing in the fields, go back to the sheet "Calculation", choose the newly defined material and continue in the calculation ‘Warning: The material table includes options for the used materials. As the strength values of the material depend very much on the semi-product dimensions, the method of heat treatment and particularly the supplier, itis necessary to consider the values in the material table as orientation ones. It is recommended to consult the particular and accurate values with your technologist and supplier or take them from particular material sheets. letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 328torts ‘Sour gearing with straight an tical toting 2.3 Loading of the gearbox, driving machine - examples, Setting of these coefficients substantially affects the calculation of safety coefficients. Therefore, try to enter as accurate a specification as possible when selecting the type of loading. Examples of driving machines: ‘A, Continuous: electric motor, steam turbine, gas turbine 8, With ight shocks: hydraulic motor, steam turbine, gas turbine C. With medium shocks: multi-cylinder internal combustion engine D, With heavy shocks: single-cylinder internal combustion engine 2.4 Loading of gearbox, driven machine - examples: Setting these parameters substantially affects the calculation of safety coefficients. Therefore, try to enter as accurate a specification as possible when selecting the type of loading. Examples of driven machines: ‘A, Continuous: generator, conveyor (belt, plate, worm), light lft, gearing of a machine tool traverse, fan, turbocharger, turbo compressor, mixer for materials with a constant density B. With light shocks: generator, geer pump, rotary pump C. With medium shocks: main drive of a machine tool, heavy lft, crane swivel, mine fan, mixer for materials with variable density, multi-cylinder piston pump, feed pump D. With big shocks: press, shears, rubber calendar, rolling mill, vane excavator, heavy centrifuge, heavy feeding pump, drilling set, briquetting press, kneading machine 2.5 Type of gearing mounting, Setting this parameter affects the calculation of the safety coefficient. The type of support defines the coefficient of Unevenness of the loading caused, above all, by deflections of the shafts. Choose the type of support according to the following definition and illustration, A. Double-sided symmetrically supported gearing: This is gearing whose gears are mounted symmetrically between the bearings. (the distances between the bearings and edges of the gears are the same) 8, Double-sided non-symmetrically supported gearing: This is gearing whose gears are mounted non- symmetrically between the bearings, (the distances between the bearings and edges of the gears are different). In case one gear or pinion is supported non-symmetrically only, choose support A-Type2. C. Overhung gearing: This is gearing whose gears are overhung. The shaft is fixed (built-in) on one side of the gear only igid box, rigid shafts, robust, roller or tapered roller bearings. 85 rigid box, longer shafts, ball bearings. ft A tHe 2.6 Accuracy grade. ‘When choosing the degree of accuracy of the designed gearing, itis necessary to take into account the operating conditions, functionality and production feasibility. The design should be based on: + Peripheral speed, transferred power. ‘+ Operating conditions, desired service life and reliability. ‘+ requirements for kinematic accuracy, noise, vibrations. The accuracy of toothing is chosen to the necessary extent only, because achievement of a high degree of accuracy is costly, dificult and conditioned by higher demands for technological equipment. Table of surface roughness and maximum peripheral speed letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCelclgearUhalpenigeer.tm 48rozw3 ‘Spur goaring with straight and tical oohing Degree of accuracy 3] 4 | 5] 6)/7] 8] 9] 10} 41 Iso 1328 Degree of accuracy laGaa 23] 12) |i) 9) 8] 7) 6] 5 Max, surface roughness| 0.1- Ra max [rm] 2 | 04 | 08) 1.6] 1.6] 32] 63) 125] 25 Max. peripheral speed [m/s] straight teeth Max, peripheral speed [m/s] helical teeth so} 6) 35] 15/8] 5] 3] 3] 3 too} so | so} 30/12) 8} 5] 3] 3 Orientation values for options of the degree of accuracy according to the specification, Degree of | Degree of Specification accuracy | accuracy Iso ‘AGMA Control gears 2-4 13-12 Measuring instruments 3-6 13-10 Turbine reducers 3-5 13-11 ‘Aviation reducers 3-6 13-10 Machine tools 3-7 13-9 Aviation engines 5-6 11-10 High speed gearboxes 5-6 11-10 Passenger cars 6-7 10-9 Industrial gearboxes 7-8 98 Light ship engines 7 9 Rolling mills, locomotives 8-9 87 Heavy ship engines, tractors 8-9 87 Building and agricultural machines 8-10 86 Textile machines 7-9 97 2.7 Coefficient of one-off overloading, The coefficient gives the ratio between the maximum (start-up) and nominal torque of the driving machine. The Coefficient substantially affects the calculation of the safety coefficient with one-off overloading (start-up) of the gearing. The coefficient can be found in the catalogue of the producer of the driving unit. Recommended values: Three-phase asynchronous electric motor .., 2-3, 2.8 Desired service Ife. ‘The parameter specifies the desired service life in hours. Orientation values in hours are given in the table. Specification Durability Household machines, seldom used devices 2000 Electric hand tools, machines for short-term runs 5000 Machines for 8-hour operation 20000 Machines for 16-hour operation 40000 Machines for continuous operation 80000 Machines for continuous operation with log service life 150000 2.9 Coefficient of safety (contact/bend). The recommended values of the safety coefficient vary within the range: letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tmroza3 ‘Spur goaring with straight and tical ooting + Coefficient of safety in contact SH = 1.1 = 1.3 + Coefficient of safety in bend SF = 13-16 Hint: Use recommendations in the help to estimate the safety coefficient, 2.10 Automatic design. Decide whether you wish to design straight or helical toothing, The following recommendations can be used for your option: + Straight teeth - Suitable for slow speed and heavily loaded gearing, zero axial forces, higher weight. ‘+ Helical toothing - Suitable for high speed gearing; characterized by lower noise, higher loading capacity, necessity to catch axial forces, With the "Automatic design" the setting of parameters of the gearing is based on the entered power and operational parameters [1,0; 2.0] and on generally applicable recommendations. Manual optimizing can mostly provide toothing with better parameters (weight, dimensions) or enable modifications of the dimensions based on your own constructional requirements, Warning: "Automatic design” can modify the parameters which were modified already in other paragraphs. Therefore, use the "Automatic design’, above all, for preliminary determination of gearing parameters. Set the parameters of machining tool and tooth tip relief in this paragraph. The parameters affect most of dimensions of the toothing, tooth shape and the following strength parameters, stiffness, durability, noise, efficiency and others. IF you don't know the acurate parameters of the production tool, use the standardized type from the list box on line [3.1], namely: 1. DIN 867 ( 3. ANSI B6.1 ( External toothing. ‘You can define two types of the tool in the form, with protuberance (A) and without protuberance (B). If you define a tool without protuberance, set the protuberance dimension d0=0. Set the tool dimensions according to the dimensions in the picture in the modulus multiples "value"x’modulus" (calculation in ST units) or as a quotient of "value"/"Diametral Pitch’ (inch calculation), Choose a pressure angle in paragraph [4]. The base of tooth can be either bevelled or rounded. Therefore choose only one way. The diagram shows the shape of a tool tooth for wheel/pinion. If you change tool dimensions, press the respective button which will provide redrawing in accordance with the current set values. cha | B | hfo cho} | } cn | | | hao 39 | | t Ginp rao | ‘An accurate shape of tooth and toothed wheel, check of interferences, etc, is described in the paragraph dealing with graphic output and CAD systems. Internal toothing. letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm a8roza3 ‘Spur goaring with straight and tical ooting Internal toothing is made, in overwhelming majority of cases, by cutting using a circular tool, For the purposes of this calculation we will consider a tool with basic parameters identical with the designed toathing (and=an, bO=b, mn0=mn). However, angle b cannot be chosen at random when manufacturing the internal toothing, as it is necessary to proceed from the properties of the machine tool and available tools and it is appropriate to consult this selection with a technologist. You can see an example of such tool in the picture, The current status of tool sharpening equates its unit correction x0. Resharpening of the tool results in the change of correction and subsequently in the change of too! hub diameter. If the value for correction x0 is unknown, just measure the current hub diameter and use the change of correction x0 [3-13] to adjust the hub diameter da0 [3,14] to a required value, x( x0>0 X0<0 | A 3.11 Unit tooth tip relief. Unit tooth tip relief "ca” affects the diameter of addendum circle, Normally ca=0.25 is chosen which guarantees preventing interference for normally used corrections. If the accurate tool parameters are known, itis possible to choose smaller c*, namely 0.15 to 0.1, and thus achieve increase of profile bite coefficient. Interference can and should be checked on a detailed drawing, see the paragraph dealing with graphic output and CAD systems. Line [3.10] gives minimum tooth tip relief which can be achieved using the selected tool. The selection of smaller tool tip relief is indicated by red colour of input field, Button "<" will transfer the minimum value into the input field. Minimum unit tooth tip relief can be reduced by increasing the height of the tool base. ‘The geometry of the gearing can be designed in this paragraph. The design of the geometry substantially affects a number of other parameters such as functionality, safety, durability or price. 4.1 Number of teeth, letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 128torts ‘Sur gearing wit straight an tical toting Enter the number of teeth of the pinion, Additional calculation of the number of teeth of the gear is based on the desired transmission ratio, Determination of the optimal number of teeth is not an unambiguous task and cannot be solved directly. Numbers of teeth affect mesh conditions, noise, efficiency and production costs. Therefore, the number of teeth is chosen and specified according to qualitative and strength indices A generally applicable rule states that increasing the number of teeth (with the same axis distance) leads to: + increase in loading capacity of the surface (contact, seizure, wearing) + improvement in the gearing coefficient + decrease in loading capacity in bend ‘+ reduction in production costs Recommended values: A) For both gears annealed normalizationally/improved by heat - soft gears + Straight toothing, helical toothing, lower output power, 15 to 30 teeth, ‘+ Helical toothing, higher output powers, 20 to 40 teeth. 8) For a hardened pinion and non-hardened gear (or both gears nitrided) ‘+ Straight toothing, helical toothing, lower output powers, 15 to 35 teeth. ‘+ Helical toothing, higher output powers, 18 to 40 teeth. C) Both gears surface hardened ‘+ Straight toothing, helical toothing, lower output power, 10 to 30 teeth. ‘+ Helical toothing, higher output powers, 15 to 30 teeth. The rule is that higher numbers of teeth are chosen for higher output powers and lower transmission ratios. The red highlighted text indicates commensurable numbers of teeth, which should be avoided, Hint: In case you know numbers of teeth of the pinion and gear and need to also calculate the transmission ration, press the button to the right of the input field and perform the respective calculation in the chapter of supplements. 4.2 Normal pressure angle. This angle determines parameters of the basic profile and is standardized to an angle of 20°, Changes in the pressure angle a/® affect functional and strength properties. Changes in the meshing angle, however, require non-standard roduction tools. In case there is no special need to use another meshing angle, use the value of 20°. letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 828ro2w3 ‘Spur goaring wih straight and tical ooting The letter marks the basic circle. Increasing the meshing angle allows: + reduction in the danger of undercutting and interference + to reduce slipping speeds + increased loading capacity in contact, seizure and wear + increased rigidity of the toothing + increased noise and radial forces Option of values + Straight toothing with increased loading capacity requirement - 25 to 28 degrees + Helical toothing - up to 25 degrees + Gearing with a special requirement for quietness - 15 to 17.5 degrees Recommended values: In case you do not have any special requirements for the designed gearing, it is recommended to use 20°. 4.3 Base helix angle. Toothing with the slope of teeth = 0 (straight toothing) is used with slow speed and highly loaded gearing. With high speed gearing, where catching of axial forces could be difficult and where increased noise does not cause any problems. Toothing with the slope of teeth > 0 (helical toothing) is used with high speed gearing; itis characterized by lower noise and higher loading capacity, enabling the use of a lower number of teeth without undercutting. Recommended values The angle beta is chosen from the sequence 6,8,10,12,15,20 degrees (Fig. A). In case of a double or herringbone gear (Fig. 8), values 25,30,35,40 degrees can also be used. AB i b -| Note: When manufacturing internal toothing, it is not possible to choose randomly Angle b. Itis necessary to proceed from the properties of the machine tool and available tools and it is appropriate to consult the selection with a technologist. 4.4 Setting of the ratio of the width of the pinion to its diameter. Using the slider, perform setting of a value of the dimensionless coefficient, which specifies the ratio between the letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 28roza3 ‘Spur goaring with straight and tical ooting pinion width and diameter [4.5] 4.5 The ratio of the pinion width to its diameter. This parameter can be used to design dimensions of the module, thereby basic geometric parameters of the gear (width, diameter), The recommended maximum value is given in the right column and depends on the chosen material of the gears, their support and transmission ratio of the gearing. Setting this parameter can be done using the slider in row [4.4]. After setting this parameter press the button "Design of toothing’. This procedure enables you to design meeting of desired safety level [2.9] and other input parameter requirements. ‘After processing the "Design of toothing" check the dimensions (widths and diameters of the gears, weight). In case the result is not satisfactory, modify the parameter of the ratio pinion width vs, diameter (4.4, 4.5] and repeat the "Design of toothing’. Recommended values: Lower values - design of a narrower gear, larger module, straight toothing Higher values - design of a wider gear, smaller module, helical toothing Note: Exceeding the recommended range is indicated by a change in the color of the number. It is possible to use lower values than recommended ones without any problems, Higher values than recommended ones should be consulted with a specialist. Tip1:In case you cannot approximate the desired dimensions of the gearing by changing this parameter, try to modify the number of teeth of the pinion, the helix angle or choose another material. 4.6 Toothing module / Diametral Pitch. This is the most important parameter, which determines the size of the tooth and thereby the gearing itself. Itis generally applicable that for a higher number of teeth itis possible to use a smaller module (higher value P with a calculation in imperial units) and vice versa, The right pop-up list includes standardized values of the module / (Diametral Pitch with a calculation in imperial units) and in case of a selection from this list, the chosen value is added to the field on the left automatically Design of correct dimensions of the module is quite a complex task. Therefore, it is recommended to use a procedure for the design of toothing based on the ratio of the width of the pinion to its diameter [4.5]. 4.9 Width of the pinion / gear. Wiath of toothing b of individual gears is measured on a pitch cylinder. Width of toothing of the pinion is usually greater than the width of the gear by the size of one module. Recommended values: These values depend on the chosen material and the type of gearing [2.1,2.2,2.5]. The recommended range of values is given in the previous row, 4.10 Working face width. This is a common width of both gears on rolling cylinders. If the gears are not in offset positions (Fig. 4.1), itis mostly the width of the gear. This width is used for strength checks of toothing. In case the check box in this row is enabled, the "Working width of toothing" is filled out automatically with the lower value of the width of toothing from the previous row [4.9] letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm 0282a Spur goarng wih straight and atcl toting 4.11 Ratio of the width of the pinion to its diameter. This parameter gives the ratio between the entered width of the pinion and its calculated pitch diameter. The maximum value is given in the green field on the right. 4.13 Approximate weight of the gearing, This is calculated as the weight of full cylinders (without weight removal and holes). It serves for quick orientation during the design. ‘Note: For internal toothing, the weight of wheel is counted as a tube with thickness equal to tooth depth. 4.14 Minimum coefficient of safety. The row always gives the lower of the coefficients for the pinion and the gear, The first column contains the coefficient of safety for the contact fatigue; the second column then contains coefficients of safety nand fatigue in bend, 4.15 Normal backtash. This is the perpendicular (shortest) distance between non-working sides of teeth. A backlash is necessary to create a Continuous layer of lubricant on sides of teeth and to overcome production inaccuracies, deformations and thermal expansion of individual elements of the mechanism. Very small clearances are required in gearing of control systems and instruments and if itis not possible to eliminate it, gearing with automatic take up of backlash is usually used. Great backlash must be chosen with heavily loaded gearing (thermal expansion) and high-speed gearing (hydraulic resistance and shocks with pushing of oil off the inter-tooth gaps. Recommended values: Ih practice, the recommended values are chosen empirically and you can follow the recommended values in row 14.16). After entering the backlash, the working axis distance [6.10] is modified so that the entered backlash is created. On the other hand, in the course of calculation of toothing for an exact axis distance [14] the toothing is corrected [5.6] so that the entered backlash is achieved, Option of coefficients of shifts x1 and x2 is the basic task when designing gearing, above all, in case of gears with straight teeth. The shift affects geometric and kinematic and strength characteristics as well. When designing corrections, first itis necessary to fulfill functional requirements and then optimize the corrections to improve some of the other parameters of the gearing. Principle of corrections, use of corrections. ‘Approaching and withdrawal of the production tool from the gear center changes the shapes and therefore also properties of the involute toothing. This creates corrected toothing. The illustration shows: ‘A. Production tool B, Produced gear letiCzProgeamFilesIMITCalelgearUhalpen'geer. tm v8