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CHAPTER 9 : DIFFERENTIATION (PEMBEZAAN)

1 Idea of limit

y x , from left y x , from right y

y  x2  3
1.9 6.61 2.01 7.0401
1.99 6.9601 2.001 7.004001
1.999 6.996001 2.0001 7.00040001
1.9999 6.99960001 2.00001 7.00004
7
1.99999 6.99996 2.000001 7.000004
1.999999 6.999996 2.0000001 7.0000004

lim x 2  3  7
0 2 x x 2

Type 1
a. lim 3x  4
x2
b. lim 7  x 2
x  3
Type 2
x2  4
a. lim
x2 x  2
n 2  25
b. lim
n  5 n  5
x 2  4 x  21
c. lim
x 3 x 3

Type 3
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a. lim
x  2 x
2  3x
b. lim
x   5x
7  2x
c. lim
x   3x  8

2 dy y
First derivative by first principle ;  lim
dx x  0 x
a. y  3x  7
b. y  7x 2  5
8
c. y
x
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3 d
y  6x 2 f ( x)  6 x 2 (6 x 2 )  12 x
dx
First derivative :
dy
 12 x f ' ( x)  12 x
dx

 anx n 1
3.1 dy
y  ax n ;
dx
a. y  2 x 3  5x  7
2 3
b. y  x 3   8
x 3 4x 2
c. y  x 2 ( x  6)
d . y  ( x  3( x  4)

e y  ( x  5) 2
x 5  3x 4
f. y 
x2

 an(ax  b) n 1 (b)
3.2 dy
y  a(bx  c) n ;
dx
Differentiate between y  ( x  3) 2 and y  ( x  3) 7
a. y  ( x  5) 8
b. y  2(7  2 x) 6
2
c. y 
(3x  1) 7
d . y  4(3  x) 5

3.3 dy dv du
y  uv ; u v
dx dx dx
Differentiate between y  x 3 (5  x) and y  x 3 ( x  5) 6
a. y  x 3 ( x  5) 4
b. y  2 x(7  2 x) 5

c. y  ( x  4)( 2 x  1)6
d . y  ( x  3) 2 ( x  6) 3
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3.4 du dv
v u
u dy dx dx
y ; 
v dx v 2

3x 2  x 5 x 2 2x
Differentiate between y  and y  AND y  and y 
x 2
3x  x 5 (3  x) 5 (3  x) 5
2x
a. y 
( x  1) 3
x3
b. y 
5 x
2x  1
c. y 
( x  1) 2
3.5 Tangent and Normal mT m N  1

Paper 1, SPM 2012

The gradient of the tangent to the curve y  x 2 (2  px) at x  2 is 7. Find the value of p.

Paper 1, SPM 2013

The point P(1,5) lies on the curve y  3x 2  8x . Find
(a) the gradient of the tangent to the curve at point P.
(b) the equation of the normal to the curve at point P.
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Paper 1,SPM 2016

2x  6
Diagram shows a part of curve y  and a straight line.
x2
y
y=2qx

•
O P x

It is given that the straight line is parallel to the tangent of the curve at point P.
Find the value of q.

3.5 d2y
Second derivative ,
dx 2

Paper 2, SPM 2003

dy
(a) Given that  2 x  2 and y  6 when x  1 , find y in terms of x.
dx
d2y dy
(b) Hence, find the value of x if x 2 2  ( x  1)  y  8.
dx dx

3.6 dy d2y d2y

Maximum and minimum. At turning point, 0 ;  0 (max imum)  0(min imum)
dx dx 2 dx 2
Paper 1, SPM 2014
Due to high living cost, Siva planted several types of vegetables for his own consumption on a rectangular
shape empty plot of land behind his house. He plans to fence the land which has a dimension of 6x m and (4 –
x) m.
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Paper 2, SPM 2016

Diagram below shows a front view of a window.

y metre

2x metre
The arc of the window is semicircle. The perimeter of the window is 4 metre.
(a) Express the front surface area of the window in terms of x and .
(b) By using =3.142, find the width, in metre, of the window when the front surface area is maximum.

3.7 Rates of change.

dx
(a) x increases at the rate of 3unit s-1 ,  3 unit s 1
dt
dx
(b) The volume, V decreases at the rate of 6 unit3 s-1,  6 unit 3 s 1 .
dt

Paper 1, SPM 2010

The volume of a sphere is increasing at a constant rate of 1.28cm3 s-1.

Find the radius of the sphere at the instant of 0when the radius is increasing at a rate of 0.2 cm s-1 .
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[Volume of sphere , V  r 3 ] .
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Paper 1, SPM 2016

The surface area of a cube increases at a constant rate of 15 cm 2 s-1.. Find the rate of change of side lenght, in
cm s-1, when the volume of the cube -s 125 cm3.
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3.8 Small changes and approximation.

(a) x increases from 3 to 3.02 , x  0.02
(b) The radius of a sphere decreases from 2.9 to 2.4 , r  0.5

Paper 1, SPM 2011

12
It is given that y  10  . Find the small change in x , in terms of p, when the value of y changes from
x
4 to 4 + p.

SPM PAPER 1

1. Differentiate 3x2 (2x – 5)4 with respect to x.

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2. Given that h( x)  , find the value of h  (1)
3x  52
3. Given that y = 14x (5 – x), calculate
(a) the value of x when y is maximum,
(b) the maximum value of y.

4. The curve y = x2 – 32x + 64 has a minimum point at x = p, where p is a constant.

Find the vaue of p.

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5. Two variables , x and y, are related by the equation y  3x  . Given y increases at the rate of
x
4 unit s-1 ., find the rate of x when x = 2.
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6. The volume of water, V cm3, in the container is given by the equation V  h  8h , where h cm
3
is the height of the water in the container. Water was poured into the container with the rate of
10 cm3 s-1.
Find the rate of change of the height of the water , in cm s-1, when the height is 2 cm.

3
7. Given u = 5x – 2 and y  . Find
u2
(a) the rate of change of x , given u changes at the rate of 4 units s-1 ,
dy
(b) in terms of x,
dx
(c) small change of y , given x increases from 2 to 2.02

8. Find the equation of the normal of the curve y  x 4  5 x at the point (3,7).
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SPM PAPER 2

1. (a) Given that y  x 2  2 x  7

Cari

dy
(i) ,
dx

2 d2y dy
(ii) the range of the values of x if x  ( x 1)  y  8.
dx 2 dx

(b) Diagram 1(b) shows a conical container with the diameter 0.6 m and the height 0.5 m.
Water is poured into the container with at a rate of 0.2 m3 s-1.

0.6 m

0.5 m
water

Diameter 1(b)

Calculate the rate of the height when the water level 0.4 m.

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(Use   3  142; Volume of the cone = r2 h )
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2
2. A curve with the gradient function 2 x  has a turning point (k, 8).
x2

(a) Find
(i) the value of k,
(ii) the equation of the normal at point (k,8) ,
(b) Determine whether the turning point is a maximum point or minimum point.

END OF THE DIFFERENTIATION MODULE