Project Report: Energy Efficiency in

Heterogeneous network Using Femtocells

Submitted by: Sana Ullah
Submitted to: Col Adnan Ahmad Khan
Subject: Advanced Digital Communication
Semester: 1st
Dated: 23/12/2017
Energy Efficiency in Heterogeneous network using Femto cells

FEMTOCELLS

Femtocell is a low power wireless access point that works within a licensed
bandwidth to connect standard mobile equipment to mobile network operators
using an existing ADSL connections offloading the cellular backhauling system
[8]. It is a licensed indoor coverage solution provided by a living access point
called as Femto Access Point (FAP). It insures to address the expanse and
coverage issue of networks and enhance the capacity of mobile cellular network
by increasing above the effect of building attenuation on the installing macrocell.
The Femto Forum defines femtocell as a cheap access point influenced on mobile
technology that works on a licensed bandwidth and uses an IP as backhaul.
WHY FEMTOCELLS?

The working of Femto cell to the mobile operators is to minimize the cost and
improves quality of signal in indoor coverage. It expands the coverage area and
QoS within a living building. It covers users from 4 to 16 while in some cases its
coverage is from 16 to 32 users. It divides number of mobile subscribers in a
cellular mobile network.
BENEFITS OF FEMTOCELLS

 EXPENCE:
Femtocells are very cost effective.
 POWER:
Transmission power of Femto cells varies up to 100 mille watts.
 BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY:
Broadband connectivity i.e., ADSL connection is used for
connecting Femto cells to macro BS.
 STANDARDS:
3G and 4G (Long-Term-Evolution)
BENEFITS FOR WIRELESS SERVICE PROVIDORS

 Femtocell network is a free wireless network having low traffic

 It decreases the cost of land for towers
BENEFITS FOR THE USERS
 Good network coverage area
 It operates in all types of mobile devices
CHALLENGES AND USER REQUIREMENTS
The large majority of cellular users have an ADSL connection in the houses.
Users are focusing on their mobile equipment for the access of internet. The users
are improving service capabilities from cellular network operators which includes
 Increasing coverage and voice quality
 Enhances the data rate
 Low costs for data and voice services
 Increase battery life

Figure 2, Concept of Femtocell

COVERAGE AND CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT OF FEMTOCELLS

The main objective of femtocells is to enhance the capacity of a system. It
expands the coverage area capacity of cellular system by enabling frequency
reuse in a broad range in indoor coverage environment which has a challenge for
mobile operators due to system losses at high frequencies. It increases the
efficiency of cellular system by getting a transmitter close to the receiver which
enhances the quality of wireless link as well as the signal receiving capability
within a building [9].

POWER SAVING
Femtocell BS is a short range indoor base station that uses low power BS. Its
transmission needs a coverage of small cell size and so its transmission power is
less than that of macro cellular BS in which there is an attenuation which vary
from rural areas to urban areas while that of indoor building walls have a few
attenuation loss in dB. Its transmission power enhances the battery life increasing
signal to noise ratio and thus improves the signal that is received.
The main focus of our research work is to miniaturize the cost of the cellular
network by deploying low power Femto Base Station (FBS) in already installed
macro cell scenario.