Urban Climate Maps

aspects of thermal stress and air pollution

(climate change)

Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner

University Kassel /Germany

March 2011
UCM
Mesoscale
In 3 D
2m

March 2011
March 2011
 4

Types of urban heat islands

islands, following energy
balance and heat fluxes

- Near surface UHI (2 m)

((urban climatic map;
p; ∆ PET))

- Surface UHI (0 m), surface temperatures

- Subsurface UHI (< 0 m), soil data
March 2011
I Urban Climate Map
Urban analysis map with different
climatopes , wich are defined as a
classification system following climatic
characteristics of ventilation
entilation and urban
rban
heat island

II Urban Climate Recommendation Map

Urban climate evaluations map for planning
reasons and pplanning
g hints

March 2011
Macroscale = global circulation pattern
Mesoscale = urban climate, regional circulation
Microscale = local conditions

March 2011
March 2011
Draft Urban Climatic Map HCMC

March 2011
► perspective: to reduce the income energy in cities
using adaptative matierials
using adaptative city structures

Urban strategies and urban design guidelines to reduce health risks in cities are
needed

March 2011
G
Green roofs,
f rooff colour
l

March 2011
 Objectives Strategies Planning actions time Scale spatial Scale

• Cool material-building
g&
Immediat
pavement; city Effect
Albedo e &
Material
• Cool roof & facade;
• Water retention paving; Surface
Level
UHI • Planting & greeneries; Intervention
Thermal Vegetation • Parks & open spaces;
Comfort
• Building geometric design;
• Shelter design;
Building
+ Shading
g • Street orientation;
Level
• H/W ratio;
Intervention
Trees;
Wind
•

Dynamic • Air paths;

Ai th
Potential • Building ground cover
& building bulks;
Ventilation • H/W ratio; Urban &
• Street orientation; Planning
Open spaces; Local Effect
•
Level
Long (neighbourhood
• Building
g disposition;
p ; Intervention scale)
term

March 2011
Gleiche Randbedingungen,
Links: Innenhof mit Gras + Bäume
Rechts: Versiegelt

March 2011
Urban climate maps is a
t l in
tool i different
diff t scales
l
↓
Planning recommendations
↓
Improvements
p of thermal
conditions

March 2011
Thermal and dynamic analysis

March 2011
Urban climate functions and geenery planning concepts

March 2011
HCMC
Building density layer as one indicator for the urban heat island

March 2011
March 2011
urban climatic analysis map
(climatopes)

March 2011
urban climatic analysis map ventilation condition
(climatopes) (wind aspect)

March 2011
Use of thermal calculations

building simulations microclimate conditions in 2009

facade
fwand kWh
Energieaufw

Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf

inside                                                                          outside

March 2011
AusveK
 building simulations calculated microlimate for 2030
ufwand kWh

facade
Energieau

Heizwärmebedarf Kühlkältebedarf

inside outside

March 2011
AusveK
U b Cli
Urban Climate
t Map
M Hong
H K
Kong

March 2011
Layer structure of UC-AnMap

March 2011
Legend für recommendations

Classific
name Description /PET C Evaluation
ation
minor
i roughness
h andd minor
i h t
heat
fresh air productions or very important for climate
1 capacity mainly agricultural
High protection
air path areas; PET 22
fresh air production on important for circulation to keep and
2 Forests and trees; PET 24
maintain
slopes
mixed climates with important linkage areas, forsee the
3 parks,, g
p gardens ; PET 26
orientation and denisty
l
local
l circulation
i l ti pattern
tt
Urban areas with roughness but thermal importance ; vegetation
4 heat island potentials vegetation links; PET 28 improvement
dense built up areas with thermal and air pollution prpblems;
5 heat island considerable roughness and mitigation through ventilation and
heat load; PET 30 vegetation; heat stress increasing
heavy thermal
h th l load
l d should
h ld beb
Extremly dense areas nor
6 heat island max vegetation (city centre); PET 32
mitigated, heat stress problems,
extremely increasing

March 2011
March 2011
Thank you
March 2011