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Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
kesempatan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan referat tentang “Apendisitis”
tepat pada waktunya. Adapun tujuan dalam pembuatan makalah ini adalah
sebagai tugas pada Kepanitraan Klinik Senior Ilmu Penyakit Bedah Rumah Sakit
Umum Daerah Solok.
Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dr. Abdul Razaq Jamil, Sp.B
selaku preseptor yang telah membimbing sehingga referat ini dapat
terselesaikan. Penulis menya dari bahwa referat ini masih banyak kekurangan dan
kelemahannya, baik dalam penulisan isi, maupun sistematikanya. Hal ini
disebabkan oleh keterbatasan pengetahuan dan wawasan penulis. Oleh sebab itu,
penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun untuk
menyempurnakan referat ini.
.
Solok, Oktober 2017
Penulis
i
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ v
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................ 1
1. 2 Tujuan........................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1 Tujuan Umum.......................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Tujuan Khusus......................................................................................... 2
1. 3 Manfaat...................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Manfaat Bagi Mahasiswa........................................................................ 2
1.3.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat........................................................................ 2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Apendiks.................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Anatomi.................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Histologi.................................................................................................. 4
2.1.3 Fisiologi................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Apendisitis.................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Defenisi ................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Epidemiologi............................................................................................ 6
2.2.3 Etiologi.................................................................................................... 6
2.2.4 Patofisiologi ............................................................................................ 7
2.2.5 Klasifikasi................................................................................................ 8
2.2.6 Manisfestasi klinis................................................................................... 10
2.2.7 Penegakan diagnosis................................................................................ 13
2.2.7.1 Pemeriksaan fisik.................................................................................. 13
2.2.7.2 Pemeriksaan penunjang........................................................................ 17
2.2.8 Diagnosa Banding.................................................................................... 18
ii
2.2.9 Penatalaksanaan....................................................................................... 20
2.2.10 Komplikasi............................................................................................. 26
2.2.11 Prognosis................................................................................................ 27
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.Anatomi Apendiks........................................................................... 3
Gambar 2.Perdarahan Apendiks....................................................................... 4
Gambar 3.Histologi Apendiks.......................................................................... 4
Gambar 4.Peradangan pada apendiks vermiformis.......................................... 5
Gambar 5.Alur pathogenesis apendisitis.......................................................... 8
Gambar 6.Klasifikasi Apendisitis..................................................................... 10
Gambar 7.Titik mc.burney................................................................................ 13
Gambar 8.Rovsing’s sign.................................................................................. 14
Gambar 9.Psoas sign......................................................................................... 14
Gambar 10.Obturator’s sign............................................................................. 15
Gambar 11.CT-Scan dan USG apendiks........................................................... 17
Gambar 12.Appendicogram.............................................................................. 18
Gambar 13.Teknik open appendictomy............................................................ 24
Gambar 14.Laparascopy appendictomy........................................................... 25
iv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Bakteri penyebab apendisitis.............................................................. 6
Tabel 2. Gambaran klinis apendisitis akut........................................................ 12
Tabel 3. Pemeriksaan fisik yang khas pada apendisitis.................................... 15
Tabel 4. Alvarado’s score.................................................................................. 16
Tabel 5. Macam-macam insisi untuk apendiktomi........................................... 23