Calmette Report P6, P7

DESIGN REPORT FOR TEMPORARY EXCAVATION WALL
AT CALMETTE BRIDGE
DOCUMENT No.: SH-DGN-110-A1
SAIGON EAST-WEST HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PACKAGE 1
PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

Rev. BY/DATE BY/DATE BY/DATE REMARKS
(Originator) (Const. Mgr.) (Project Mgr.)
A1 D.C.Trung K. Konishi T.Tsuboi 1st edition for the Engineer’s approval

10 July 2006 11 July 2006 12 July 2006
Design Report for Temporary

OBAYASHI – P.S. MITSUBISHI JV 12 July 2006
Excavation Wall at Calmette Bridge
SAIGON HIGHWAY PROJECT OFFICE
SH-DGN-110-A1 Rev: A1
Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Relevant Specifications, Standards, and Documents................................................3
1.2. Drawings.....................................................................................................................................3
2. Design Conditions...........................................................................................................................4
2.1. Ground Level and Groundwater Table........................................................................4
2.2. Soil Properties.............................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Loads............................................................................................................................. 5
2.4. Propping Calculation:...................................................................................................8
2.5. Material and Allowable Stresses..................................................................................9
3. Construction Sequence & Calculation Method......................................................................11
3.1. Construction Sequence:.............................................................................................11
3.2. Calculation Method:....................................................................................................12
4. Calculation result:.........................................................................................................................14
4.1. Pier P6 & P7.................................................................................................................14
Appendix A. Drawings
Appendix B. Boring logs
Appendix C. Guidelines Abstract
OBAYASHI -P.S.MITSUBISHI JV 2
1. Introduction
 This report shows retaining wall design for temporary excavation at P6, P7 piers in Calmette
Bridge.
1.1. Relevant Specifications, Standards, and Documents
 Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works – AASHTO 1995.

 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge 17th edition – AASHTO 2002.
 Guidelines for Temporary Structures, March 1999, Japan Road Association.
1.2. Drawings
 Drawings of temporary excavation walls are shown in Appendix-A.
2. Design Conditions
2.1. Ground Level and Groundwater Table

 Ground level: ND+1.60 m (Temporary construction stage)
 Groundwater table: ND+1.34 m (5 years)
(water unit weight: w=10kN/m3)
2.2. Soil Properties

 The design soil properties are determined based on the results of the soil investigation of
CAN2, CF3, CF4. (Refer to Boring logs attached in Appendix-B)
 Design soil property
* For Pier P6, P7:
Wet
Sub. Friction
Unit Cohesion
Level SPT Unit Weight Angle
No Soil Weight Co
ND(m) -value γ’ φ
γ kN/m2
kN/m3 deg
kN/m3
1 +1.60 to -0.80 Fill 10 18 10 28 0
2 -0.80 to -4.50 Soft Clay 1 1 15 5 0 15
3 -4.50 to -10.5 Soft Clay 2 1 17 7 0 30
4 -10.5 to -18.5 Sand 1 7 18 10 28 0
5 -18.5 to deeper Sand 2 12 18 10 30 0
2.3. Loads
 For earth, surcharge, and hydrostatic pressures base on “Guide Specifications for Bridge
Temporary Works – AASHTO 1995”.
2.3.1. Active Earth Pressure
 The following equations are used for calculation on embedded length for all systems and
stress of walls and bracing for cantilever retaining system and walls with a single layer of
bracing.
* Cohesionless Soils: Pa = Ka(γH + q)
sin 2 (  90)
Ka  2
 Ka: active earth pressure coefficient:  sin(   ) sin  
sin(90   ) 1  
 sin(90   ) 
 γ: unit weight of soil.
 H: depth below ground level.
  : angle of internal friction.
 δ: wall angle of friction: δ=  /3
* Cohesive Soils: Pa = (γH + q) – 2C
 C: cohesion C = qu / 2
 qu: undrained unconfined strength.
 Minimum active pressure shall not be less than a cohesionless soil with an active earth
pressure coefficient of 0.25.
Apparent earth pressure distribution (Figure 3) is used for calculation stress of wall and bracing for
walls with two layers of bracing.
 Apparent earth pressure shall be:
+ For Sand: Pa = 0.65Ka(γ’H + q)
sin 2 (  90)
Ka  2
- Ka: earth pressure coefficient:  sin(   ) sin  
sin(90   ) 1  
 sin(90   ) 
+ For Soft to Medium Clay Pa = Ka(γH + q)
- Ka: earth pressure coefficient: Ka = 1 – m(2qu/ γ H)
- m: reduction factor:
m = 1 for overconsolidated clay; m = 0.4 for normal consolidated clay.
- γ’: effective soil unit weight.
- H: final wall height.
-  ’: effective angle of internal friction.
EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

Ground level Ground level
Strut 1 Strut 1
0.25H
SHEET PILE SHEET PILE

H
Strut 2 Strut 2 0.75H
Fictitious hinge 1.2m Fictitious hinge

Model for structural Model for structural
0.65Kaγ’H calculation KaγH calculation
For Sand For Soft to Medium Clay

Fig-3 Apparent earth pressure distribution model
2.3.2. Passive Earth Pressure
* Cohesionless Soils: Pp = KpγH

sin 2 (  90)
Kp  2
 Kp: passive earth pressure coefficient:  sin(   ) sin  
sin(90   ) 1  
 sin(90   ) 
 δ: wall angle of friction: δ=  /3
* Cohesive Soils: Pa = γH + 2C
2.3.3. Hydrostatic Pressure

 Hydrostatic Pressure in this design is shown as follows.
Pw = γwH.
3
- γw: water unit weight (= 10kN/m ).
- H: depth below water level.
EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

Ground level
Water level
SHEET PILE
EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

Ground level
Strut 1 Equal Water level
Fig-4 Hydrostatic
SHEET PILE
pressure
Hydrostatic pressure for apparent earth
Strut 2 pressure distribution model (sandy layer only):
Fictitious hinge
Fig-5 Hydrostatic pressure for apparent earth pressure distribution model
2.3.4. Surcharge Load

 According to Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works (article 4.3.3), the
retaining structure shall be designed to include the effect of surcharge loads. There is no
clear instruction for evaluating and calculating of vertical pressure and distribution factor. The
surcharge of 10kPa (base on Japanese Standard) would be the appropriate value.
 Surcharge load should be 10kPa.
2.3.5. Thermal Load

 There is no description for thermal load in the Guide Design, in the case of lacking
information we suggest to use the Japanese Standard for this load type.
 For the shoring, the thermal load of 150kN/no. is applied.
2.4. Propping Calculation:
 The following equations are used for the checking of combined bending & compression:
fa C mx f bx C my f by
  1
Fa fa fa - Check (1).
(1  ) Fbx (1  ) Fby
F ' ex F ' ey
and at point of support:
fa f f by
 bx  1 - Check (2).
0.472 Fy Fbx Fby
Where
 2 Es
F 'e 
F .S  K b Lb / rb 
2
fa: computed axial stress;

fbx, fby: computed compressive bending stress about x axis and y axis, respectively;
Fa: allowable axial stress only (Table-1);
Fbx, Fby: allowable compressive bending stress about x axis and y axis, respectively (Table-1);
F’e: Euler buckling stress divided by a factor of safety;
Es: modulus of elasticity of steel;
Kb: effective length factor in plane of bending (Appendix);
rb: radius of gyration in the plane of bending;
Lb: actual unbraced length in the plane of bending;
Cmx, Cmy: coefficient about the x axis and y axis, respectively;
F.S: factor of safety = 2.12;
 Section forces:
To be calculated by the equations as follows:
 Waler:
+ Bending moment: M = q*s2 / 10.
+ Axial force: N = L*q + Nt.
+ Shear force: S = q*s / 2.
 Strut:
+ Propping
Bending moment: M = 0.
Axial force: N = L*q + Nt.
Shear force: S = 0.
+ Bracing:
Bending moment: M = 0.
Axial force: N = q*s*Sin450 + Nt.
Shear force: S = 0.
where:
s (m): pitch Maximum clear length for waler.
Maximum strut spacing.
L (m): responsible length for axial force for waler (at the corners).
q (kN/m): propping reaction (strut force per meter), uniformly acting on the waler.
Nt (kN): thermal load.
2.5. Material and Allowable Stresses
 The material properties are as the manufacturer’s specifications (Japanese Standard – JIS).
 Allowable stresses conform to the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 17 th
edition 2002.
2.5.1. Structural Steel for Shoring

 SS400 to JIS G 3101: Modulus of Elasticity Es = 2.00×108 kPa
Minimum specified tensile Strength Fy = 400 MPa
Table-1: Allowable Stress
Type SS400 (JIS G 3101)
Axial Tensile Stress (Gross Section) 0.55Fy = 220 MPa
Fy   KL / r  Fy 
2
KL/r ≤ Cc: Fa  1  
F .S  4 2 E s 
 2 Es
KL/r > Cc: Fa 
F .S  KL / r 
2
Axial Compression Stress
(Gross Section)

where: C c  2 2 E s / Fy  1/ 2
F.S = 2.12 – factor of safety

L: actual unbraced length (mm)
K: effective length factor (Appendix C)
r: radius of gyration (mm)
At Extreme Tension
0.55Fy = 220 MPa
Fiber
2
345000  I yc  J d 
Fb  C b   0.772  0.389  ≤ 0.55Fy
S xc  l  I yc l 
= 220 MPa
where:
Cb = 1.75 + 1.05(M1/M2) + 0.3(M1/M2)2 ≤ 2.3
M1 – smaller & M2 – larger end moment, M 1/M2 is positive
Flexural when moments cause reverse curvature and negative
Stress when bent in single curvature.
(Gross At Extreme Cb = 1.0 for unbraced cantilevers.
Section) Compression Fiber l: unsupported length of compression flange (mm)
J = [(bt3)c + (bt3)t + Dt3w] / 3.
Sxc: section modulus of compression flange.
Iyc: moment of inertia of compression flange about the
vertical axis.
b, t: flange width and thickness of compression and tension
flanges.
D, tw: clear unsupported distance between flanges, web
thickness.
Shear Stress (Gross Section) Fv = 0.33Fy = 132 MPa
Bearing Stress 0.8Fy = 320 MPa
Limiting length of member:

 The slenderness of ratio (KL/r) shall not exceed the below values for each type of structural
member:
- Compression members: + 120 for main member.
+ 140 for secondary member.
- Tension member: + 200 for main member.
+ 240 for bracing member.
+ 140 for main member subject to a reversal of stress.
2.5.2. Sheet Pile

 SY295 to JIS A 5528: Modulus of Elasticity Es = 2.00×108 kPa
Minimum specified tensile strength: Fy = 490 MPa
Flexural Stress (Compressive): 0.55Fy = 269.5 MPa
Flexural Stress (Tensile): 0.55Fy = 269.5 MPa
 Coefficient of efficiency for structural analysis:
Without welding of pile head:

- Moment of inertia: α = 0.45
- Section modulus: β = 0.60
 Sheet pile wall properties are as follows:

- Type: SP–III
- Moment of inertia: I’ = 16800x0.45 = 7560cm4/m
- Section modulus: Z’ = 1340x0.60 = 804cm3/m
2.5.3. Tremie concrete:

 Lean concrete: Specified compressive strength: f’c = 18 N/mm2.
Allowable bearing stress: 0.3 f’c*0.75 = 4.05 N/mm2.
3. Construction Sequence & Calculation Method
3.1. Construction Sequence:
3.1.1. Pier P6, P7:
Step1: Cantilever wall: Step2: Free-earth retaining wall:

∇+2.00 ∇+2.0m
∇+1.34m∇+1.6m ∇+1.34m∇+1.6m ∇+1.00m
∇+0.00m
Fill
∇-0.80m
∇-3.50m
Step3: Retaining wall with 2 layers of bracing

∇+2.0m
∇+1.34m ∇+1.6m ∇+1.00m
∇-2.50m
∇-5.2m
3.2. Calculation Method:

 Structural analysis: types of structures shall be considered for each construction step.
3.2.1. Cantilever retaining wall – calculated by equilibrium method.
* At the equilibrium state:

 Moments of forces F1, and F2 about C are in equilibrium.
 OC is the embedment (D), the design depth shall be at least 1.2D.
 The overturning Factor of Safety of structure shall be calculated by dividing the resisting
moment by the turning moment about the design toe. Minimum FOS shall be 1.0.
 At point O, shear in the wall is 0 and the bending moment is maximum.
 Maximum bending moment, shear force, and deflection are obtained by considering the
structure as the cantilever beam fixed at point C.
3.2.2. Free-earth retaining wall:

(Retaining wall with 1 level of bracing – calculated by equilibrium method).
* At the equilibrium state:

 Strut force is achieved by taking the equilibrium moments about O.
 Moments of forces F1, and F2 about S are in equilibrium.
 OC is the embedment (D), the design depth shall be at least 1.2D.
 The overturning Factor of Safety of structure shall be calculated by dividing the resisting
moment by the turning moment about the design toe. Minimum FOS shall be 1.0.
 Maximum bending moment, and deflection are obtained by considering the wall as the simple
beam supported at Strut and Point O.
 Maximum shear force could be at strut or Point O.
3.2.3. Retaining wall with 2 layers of bracing:

 Following article 4.3.2 – Guide Design Specification for Bridge Temporary Works – AASHTO
1995), forces of struts and walls are calculated as follows:
 Calculated by using the apparent earth pressure diagram presented in Figure 2.2.
 The strut forces, wall forces, and displacements are calculated by assuming simple hinges at
bracing points, and a fictitious hinge below the excavation level a depth of 1.2m. This point is
also assumed zero net pressure.
4. Calculation result:
4.1. Pier P6 & P7
4.1.1. Pressure Calculation:
Soil properties Water pressure (kN/m2)
2
Level H Density (kN/m3) Friction Wall Cohesion Surcharge 'H + Surcharge (kN/m ) 1st step 2nd step 3rd step
No. Description
(ND) (m) Moist Subm. ang.(deg) F.A.(deg) C (kPa) (kN/m2) Land 1st step 2nd step 3rd step Land Excav. Land Excav. Land Excav.
1 2.00 S.P top
2 1.60 Fill 0.00 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 10.00
3 1.34 Water Level 0.26 10.00 14.68
4 1.34 Land side 0.26 10.00 14.68 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 1.00 Strut 1 0.60 10.00 18.08 3.40 3.40 3.40
6 0.00 W.L Excav. 1.60 10.00 28.08 13.40 13.40 13.40
7 0.00 side 1ststep 1.60 10.00 28.08 0.00 13.40 0.00 13.40 13.40
8 -0.80 Fill 2.40 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 36.08 8.00 21.40 9.07 21.40 21.40
9 -0.80 Soft Clay 1 2.40 15.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 10.00 36.08 8.00 21.40 9.07 21.40 21.40
10 -2.50 Strut 2 4.10 10.00 44.58 16.50 38.40 28.35 38.40 38.40
11 -3.50 5.10 10.00 49.58 21.50 48.40 39.69 48.40 48.40
2nd step
12 -3.50 5.10 10.00 49.58 21.50 0.00 48.40 39.69 48.40 0.00 48.40
13 -4.50 Soft Clay 1 6.10 15.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 10.00 54.58 26.50 5.00 58.40 51.03 58.40 17.45 58.40
14 -4.50 Soft Clay 2 6.10 17.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 54.58 26.50 5.00 58.40 51.03 58.40 17.45 58.40
15 -5.05 Lean conc. 6.65 10.00 58.43 30.35 8.85 63.90 57.27 63.90 27.04 63.90
16 -5.20 3rd step 6.80 10.00 59.48 31.40 9.90 0.00 65.40 58.97 65.40 29.66 65.40 0.00
17 -10.0 SP tip 11.60 17.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 93.08 65.00 43.50 33.60 113.40 113.40 113.40 113.40 113.40 113.40
Continue :
2
Level H Pa Pp (kN/m2) 2
Pa (kN/m )
2
Pp (kN/m ) P (kN/m )
No. Description Ka 2 Kp
(ND) (m) (kN/m ) 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 1st step 2nd step 3rd step
1 2.00 S.P top
2 1.60 Fill 0.00 0.334 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34
3 1.34 Water Level 0.26 0.334 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91
4 1.34 Land side 0.26 0.334 4.91 1st STEP 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91 4.91
5 1.00 Strut 1 0.60 Passive6.05
0.334 9.45 9.45 9.45Active 9.45 9.45 9.45
6 0.00 W.L Excav. 1.60 0.334 9.39 22.79 22.79 22.79 22.79 22.79 22.79
st
7 0.00 side 1 step 1.60 0.334 9.39 3.688 0.00 22.79 22.79 22.79 0.00 22.79 22.79 22.79
8 -0.80 Fill 2.40 0.334 12.06 3.688 29.50 33.46 33.46 33.46 38.58 -5.11 33.46 33.46
9 -0.80 Soft Clay 1 2.40 9.02 38.00 30.42 30.42 30.42 47.07 -16.65 30.42 30.42
10 -2.50 Strut 2 4.10 14.58 46.50 1.00 52.98 52.98 52.98 74.85 -21.87 52.98 52.98
11 -3.50 5.10 19.58 51.50 67.98 67.98 67.98 91.19 -23.21 67.98 67.98
2nd step
12 -3.50 5.10 19.58 51.50 30.00 67.98 67.98 67.98 91.19 30.00 -23.21 37.98 67.98
13 -4.50 Soft Clay 1 6.10 24.58 56.50 35.00 82.98 82.98 82.98 107.53 52.45 -24.55 30.53 82.98
14 -4.50 Soft Clay 2 6.10 13.65 86.50 65.00 72.05 72.05 72.05 137.53 82.45 -65.49 -10.40 72.05
15 -5.05 6.65 14.61 90.35
-1.00
68.85 78.51 78.51
-400 Lean conc.
-340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 78.51200147.62 95.89
260 -69.11 -17.38 78.51
16 -5.20 3rd step 6.80 14.87 91.40 69.90 60.00 80.27 80.27 80.27 150.37 99.56 60.00 -70.10 -19.29 20.27
17 -10.0 SP tip 11.60 33.08 125.00 103.50 93.60 146.48 146.48 146.48 238.40 216.90 207.00 -91.92 -70.42 -60.52
-3.00
-5.05
-5.20
-5.00 -10.00
Active Pressure
-7.00
Water Land side
-9.00
Total Land side
-11.00 Passive Pressure
Water Excav. side

-13.00
OBAYASHI -P.S.MITSUBISHI JV 15 Total Excav. side

-15.00
3rd
2nd STEP
Passive Active
1.00
1.00
1.3
1.3
1.0
0.0
-1.00
-1.00
0.0
-0.8
-0.8
-2.5
-3.00
-3.00 -3.5
-3.5
-400 -340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 200 260 -4.5
-4.5
-5.00
-5.00 -5.0
-400 -340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 200 260 -5.2
Active
Active Pressure
Pressure -10.0
-7.00
-7.00
Water
Water Land
Land side
side
-9.00
-9.00
Total
Total Land
Land side
side
-11.00
-11.00 Passive
Passive Pressure
Pressure
Water
Water Excav.
Excav. side
side
-13.00
-13.00
OBAYASHI -P.S.MITSUBISHI JV 16 Total

Total Excav.
Excav. side
side
-15.00
-15.00
4.1.2. Wall computation:
Wall properties & Excavation data:
Sheet pile type: SP-III
Modulus of elasticity: E(kPa) = 2.0E+08
General dimensions (mm): Width: 400 Height: 125 Thickness: 13
Coefficient of efficiency for: Moment of inertia  = 0.45 Section modulus  = 0.6
2 4 3
Section properties per wall width: A(cm ) = 191 I(cm ) = 7560 Z(cm ) = 804
Sheet pile top level: htop (m) = 2.00
Sheet pile length: LSP (m) = 11.76
Excavation level: 1st Step h1st (m) = 0.00
2nd Step h2nd (m) = -3.50
3rd Step hlast (m) = -5.20
Strut & bracing level: Strut 1 hST1 (m) = 1.00
Strut 2 hST2 (m) = -2.50
1st Step: Cantilever retaining wall
Point O at: hO (m) = -0.65 Total Pressure (kN)
Active equivalent force: F1 (kN) = 27.08
at: Z1 (m) = 0.40 0.00
Passive equivalent force F2 are calculated from the -160 -120 -80 -40 0 40
equilibrium moments at the assumed fixity of the wall:
Point C at: hC (m) = -4.35 -5.00
2nd Step: and retaining wall =
F2 (kN) with 1-75.81
level of bracing
Point O at: at: Z2 (m) = -2.65hO (m) = -4.50
F1 (kN) = Total Pressure (kN)
-10.00
Active
Gross passive force equivalent
required force:
to fix the wall at 188.13
Point C: F3 (kN) = -48.73
at: Z1 (m) = -2.36
Required embedded length DSupport
Free-earth (m): Method: 4.35
-15.00 0.00
Design embeddedStrutdepth of sheet
force pile: by taking the equilibrium
is achieved
lateral forces: 1.2D (m) T+= F1 + F5.22
2 = 0
hT (m)=>= -5.22T (kN) = -96.42
-20.00
Sheet pile length:where: LSP (m) = 7.22 -240 -160 -80 -5.00 0 80
Equivalent passive force F2 are calculated by taking
Detailed calculation:
Level
the equilibrium
Totalmoments
pressure about strut
F1 point. Arm01 M01 F2 Arm02 M02
Point
1.60C: at 3.34 hC (m) = -7.70
-10.00
1.34 and 4.91 1.1
F2 (kN) = 1.5 -91.71 1.6
1.34 4.91 0.0 1.3 0.0
at: 2.4Z2 (m) =
1.00 9.45 1.2 -5.90 2.9
Required
0.00 embedded length: 22.79 16.1D (m) = 0.5 4.20 8.1 -15.00
Design
0.00 embedded depth of sheet pile:
22.79 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.80 -5.11 1.2D
7.4 (m) = -0.2 5.03 -1.6 -0.4 -0.8 0.3
-0.80 and -16.65 hT (m) = -8.53 0.0 -0.8 0.0
-2.50pile length:
Sheet -21.87 LSP (m) = 10.53 -32.7 -1.7 54.0-20.00
-3.50 -23.21 -22.5 -3.0 67.6
-3.50 -23.21
Detailed calculation: 0.0 -3.5 0.0
-4.50 -24.55 -20.2 -3.9 79.1
Level Total pressure F1 Arm01 M01 F2 Arm02 M02
-4.50 -65.49
-5.05 1.60-69.11 3.34
-5.20 1.34-70.10 4.91
-10.00 1.34-91.92 4.91
1.00 9.45
0.00 22.79
0.00 22.79
-0.80 33.46 22.5 -0.4 -9.0
-0.80 30.42 0.0 -0.8 0.0
-2.50 -0.65 52.98 p = 70.90.00 -1.7-4.35 -117.0 p = -24.35
At level (m):
-3.50 67.98 60.5 -3.0 -181.4
Total: 27.08 0.40 10.87 -75.81 -2.65 200.99
-3.50 37.98 0.0 -3.5 0.0
FOS of overturning (about sheet pile tip): -4.50 FOS = F 2x(Z2-hC)/{F34.3
30.53 1x(Z1-hC)} -4.0 = -137.01.00
Maximum bending moment of wall - about -4.50 O: Mmax-10.40
(kN.m) = 28.56 -4.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 -4.5 0.0
Maximum shear force - at O -5.05 Q-17.38
max (kN) = 27.08 -7.6 -4.8 36.5
Maximum deflection - at the top of wall -5.20
: -19.29
Dmax (mm) = 2.3 -2.8 -5.1 14.1
-10.00 -70.42 -81.3 -6.0 490.5
Cantilever length (m): 2.65 Load position (m): Active ba (m) = 1.05
At level (m): -4.50 p= 0.00 -7.70 p= -45.87
Total: 188.13 -2.36 -444.44 -91.71 -5.90 541.08
FOS of overturning (about strut 1): FOS = F2x(hST1 - Z2)/{F1x(hST1 - Z1)} = 1.00
Forces & Deflection:
Level Total pres. F11 F12 Assumptions:
1.60 3.34 - Wall is considered as simple beam supported at Strut 1 and point O.
1.34 4.91 - Pressure is simplified as a uniform load and two linearly varying loads.
1.34 4.91 from to
1.00 9.45 Span length: 5.50 m 1.00 -4.50
0.00 22.79 Uniform load 1: qu1 (kN/m) = 9.45 1.00 -3.50
0.00 22.79 Linearly varying load 1: ql1 (kN/m) = 49.50 1.00 -3.50
-0.80 33.46 22.50 Uniform load 2: qu2 (kN/m) = -17.38 -3.50 -4.50
-0.80 30.42 0.00 Linearly varying load 2: ql2 (kN/m) = 103.28 -3.50 -4.50
-2.50 52.98 70.89
-3.50 67.98 60.48
-3.50 37.98 0.00 0.00
-4.50 30.53 34.26
-4.50 -10.40 0.00
-5.05 -17.38
-5.20 -19.29
-10.00 -70.42
Total: 153.87 34.26

3rd Step: retaining
At level (m):wall with1.00
2 levels -4.50
of bracing
Pressure (kN): 9.45 0.00
Calculation
Point O at: result: hO (m) = -6.40 Total Pressure (kN) (kN.m,mm)
Uniform
ActiveZiequivalent force: load 1 Linear
F1 (kN) = load 1
196.98 Uniform load 2 Linear load 2 Total
Moment Defl. Moment Defl. Moment Defl. Moment Defl. Moment Defl.
at: Z1 (m) = -4.00
2.66 33.4 6.9 100.1 20.5 -4.2 -1.1 0.00
16.6 -0.5 146.0 25.9
Equivalent passive force F2 are calculated by taking
3.03 32.7 6.8 102.4 20.4 -4.8 -1.1 19.0 2.0 149.3 28.1
the equilibrium
4.59 moments
15.8 about strut
3.4 point 2.
55.2 7.5 -7.2 -0.7 28.3 2.7 92.2 12.9
Point C:4.56 at 16.3 hC (m) = -8.91
3.5 56.9 8.0 -7.2 -0.7 28.4 2.8 94.4 13.6
-5.00
4.50 and17.4 3.7 F2 (kN)60.7= -52.91
9.1 -7.1 -0.7 28.2 2.9 99.2 15.0
Maximum bending moment of wall: at: Z2 (m) = -8.08 -100 -50 Mmax0 (kN.m) = 50 149.31 100
Required
Maximum embedded
deflection: length: D (m) = 3.71 Dmax (mm) = 28.1
Design
Maximum embedded depth
shear force of sheet
could be: pile: At strut 1: QST (kN) = -96.42 -10.00
1.2D (m) = 4.45 => Qmax (kN) = -96.42
At O: QO (kN) = -91.71
and hT (m) = -9.65
Sheet pile length: LSP (m) = 11.65
-15.00
-20.00
Detailed calculation:
Level Total pres. F1 Arm01 M01 F2 Arm02 M02
1.60 3.34
1.34 4.91
1.34 4.91
1.00 9.45
0.00 22.79
0.00 22.79
-0.80 33.46
-0.80 30.42
-2.50 52.98
-3.50 67.98 60.5 -3.0 -181.4
-3.50 67.98 0.0 -3.5 0.0
-4.50 82.98 75.5 -4.0 -301.9
-4.50 72.05 0.0 -4.5 0.0
-5.05 78.51 41.4 -4.8 -197.7
-5.20 20.27 7.4 -5.1 -38.0
-10.00 -60.52 12.2 -5.6 -68.4 -52.9 -8.1 427.3
At level (m): -6.40 p= 0.00 -8.91 p= -42.20
Total: 196.98 -4.00 -787.39 -52.91 -8.08 427.31
FOS of overturning (about strut 2): FOS = F2x(hST2 - Z2)/{F1x(hST2 - Z1)} = 1.00
Earth pressure & surcharge:
Soil properties
'
Level H Density (kN/m3) Friction Wall Cohen. Sur. i hi ihi Water p. Ka
No. Description
(ND) (m) Moist Buoyant ang.(deg) F.A.(deg) C (kPa) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) Sand Clay
1 1.60 Fill 0.00 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
2 1.34 Water Level 0.26 10.00 4.68 4.68
3 1.34 Land side 0.26 10.00 4.68 4.68 0.0
4 1.00 Strut 1 0.60 10.00 8.08 10.80 3.4 0.334
5 0.00 W.L Excav. 1.60 10.00 18.08 28.80 13.4
st
6 0.00 side 1 step 1.60 10.00 18.08 28.80 13.4
7 -0.80 Fill 2.40 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 26.08 43.20 21.4
8 -0.80 Soft Clay 1 2.40 15.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 10.00 26.08 43.20 21.4
9 -2.50 Strut 2 4.10 10.00 34.58 68.70 38.4
10 -3.50 2nd step 5.10 10.00 39.58 83.70 48.4 0.757
11 -3.50 5.10 10.00 39.58 83.70 48.4
12 -4.50 Soft Clay 1 6.10 15.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 10.00 44.58 98.70 58.4
13 -4.50 Soft Clay 2 6.10 17.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 44.58 98.70 58.4
14 -5.05 Lean conc. 6.65 10.00 48.43 108.05 63.9 0.566
15 -5.20 3rd step 6.80 10.00 49.48 110.60 65.4
16 -6.40 Soft Clay 2 8.00 Fictitious hinge.
Average soil unit weight: 7.28 16.26
Maximum apparent earth pressure distribution (Figure 4.1 - Guide Design Specification for Bridge Temporary Works):
Model 1 - for sand: 0.65Ka'H = 10.8 kN/m
plus waterH = 65.4 kN/m
Model 2 - for soft to medium clay: KaH = 83.7 kN/m Use this model
Surcharge pressure: Max(Ka)S = 7.6 kN/m
Wall forces & deflection:
3rd Step:
Load & structural schemes:
Point H Pressure Assumptions:
Description Structural type
No. (m) (kN) - Wall is considered as simple beam supported at Strut 2 and point O.
1 0.00 Ground level 0.0 Overhang - Pressure is simplified as a uniform load and a linearly varying load.
2 0.60 Strut 1 32.2 Hinge from to
3 1.70 0.25H 91.3 Span 1: 3.5m long Span length: 3.90 m 4.10 8.00
4 4.10 Strut 2 91.3 Hinge Uniform load: qu (kN/m) = 91.27 4.10 6.80
5 6.80 Excav. Level 91.3 Span 2: 3.9 m long, calculated Linearly varying load : ql (kN/m) = 91.27 6.80 8.00
6 8.00 Fictitious H. 0.0 Hinge
Calculation result: (kN.m, mm)
Uniform load Linearly varying load Total Maximum
Hi
Moment Deflection Moment Deflection Moment Deflection Moment Deflection
5.87 142.2 14.3 19.8 1.8 162.1 16.08 162.06 16.08
6.93 91.3 10.5 31.0 2.2 122.3 12.70
6.70 110.9 12.1 28.7 2.4 139.6 14.51
Shear force on: Total
Strut 1: Overhang: Q10 (kN) = 9.7
143.72
Span 1 Q11 (kN) = 134.1
Strut 2: Span 1 Q21 (kN) = 152.9 => Qmax (kN) = 325.29
325.29
Span 2 Q22 (kN) = 172.4
* Check of wall stress:

-Property: sheet pile SP-III, Z’ = 1340x0.6 = 804(cm3)
Mmax Z Stress Allowable stress
(kNm) (cm3) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
162.06 804 201.57 269.5
4.1.3. Propping calculation
* Strut:
1st Propping
Items Symbol Unit
Waler Strut
Property H-350×350×12×19 H-300×300×10×15
Properties Modulus of elasticity Es Mpa 2.00E+05 2.00E+05
Minimum specified tensile strength Fy Mpa 400.00 400.00
Pitch s m (1) 3.650 (4) 3.650
Responsible length for Axial force L m (2) 2.400 ----
Forces Prop Reaction q kN/m 143.7 143.7
Thermal Load Nt kN 150.0 150.0
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3760.0
Unbraced Ly
Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3760.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3760.0
2
Bending Moment (waler = qs /10) Mx kNm 191.5 0.0
Section
Forces Axial Force (waler = Lq+Nt , strut = qs+Nt) N kN 494.9 674.6
Shear Force (waler = qs/2) S kN 262.3 0.0
2
Area A mm 17390.0 11980.0
2
Web Area Aw mm 3744.0 2700.0
Weight per Length w kg/m 136.5 94.0
Flange Width b mm 350.0 300.0
Flange Thickness t mm 19.0 15.0
Web Height D mm 312.0 270.0
Web Thickness tw mm 12.0 10.0
4
Section Inertia Moment (Strong Axis) Ix mm 403000000 204000000
4
Properties Inertia Moment (Weak Axis) Iy mm 136000000 67500000
Radius of Gyration (Strong Axis) rx mm 152.23 130.49
Radius of Gyration (Weak Axis) ry mm 88.43 75.06
3
Section Modulus (Strong Axis) Sxc mm 2302857 1360000
3
Section Modulus (Weak Axis) Syc mm 777143 450000
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (ver. axis) Iyc mm4 67885417 33750000
4
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (hor. axis) Ixc mm 182345217 91462500
Compression fa Mpa 28.46 56.31
fbx Mpa 83.1 0.0
Flexure
fby Mpa 0.0 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85 1.00
Interaction Coefficient
Cmy 0.85 1.00
Shear t Mpa 70.1 0.0
K 2.0 1.0
KLx/rx 47.95 28.81
Slenderness Ratio KLy/ry 82.55 50.09
KLb/b 20.86 12.53
Limit 120.00 120.00
Cc 99.35 99.35
Compression
Allowable Fa Mpa 123.5 164.7
Stresses Cb 1.0 1.0
4
J mm 1780145.3 765000.0
Flexure
Fbx Mpa 220.0 220.0
Fby Mpa 220.0 220.0
F'ex Mpa 404.9 1121.5
Euler Buckling
F'ey Mpa 136.6 371.1
Shear Fv Mpa 132.0 132.0
(1) 0.576 0.342
Flexural / Compressive Stress
Checking (2) 0.529 0.298
Shear 70.05 0.00
2nd Propping
Items Symbol Unit
Waler Strut
Property H-400×400×13×21 H-300×300×10×15
Pitch s m (1) 3.650 (4) 3.650
Forces Prop Reaction q kN/m 325.3 325.3
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3660.0
Unbraced Ly
Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3660.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (3) 3650.0 (5) 3660.0
2
Section
Axial Force (waler = Lq+Nt , strut = qs+Nt) N kN 930.7 1337.3
Forces
2
Area A mm 21870.0 11980.0
2
Web Area Aw mm 4654.0 2700.0
Weight per Length w kg/m 171.7 94.0
4
4
3
3
4
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (ver. axis) Iyc mm 112000000 33750000
4
fbx Mpa 130.1 0.0
Flexure
fby Mpa 0.0 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85 1.00
Cmy 0.85 1.00
K 2.0 1.0
KLx/rx 41.83 28.05
KLb/b 18.25 12.20
Limit 120.00 120.00
Cc 99.35 99.35
Compression
Stresses Cb 1.0 1.0
3
J mm 2731775.3 765000.0
Flexure
Fbx Mpa 220.0 220.0
Fby Mpa 220.0 220.0
F'ex Mpa 532.1 1183.6
Euler Buckling
F'ey Mpa 179.0 391.6
(1) 0.853 0.673
Checking (2) 0.817 0.591
Shear 127.56 0.00
* Brace:
1st Bracing
Items Symbol Unit
Waler Brace
Property H-300×300×10×15 H-300×300×10×15
Pitch s m (6) 2.025 (9) 2.838
Forces
Prop Reaction q kN/m 143.7 143.7
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (8) 2025 (10) 2860.0
Unbraced Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) Ly mm (8) 2025 (10) 2860.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (8) 2025 (10) 2860.0
2
Section o
Axial Force (waler=Lq+Nt , brace=qs*sin45 +Nt) N kN 558.2 438.4
Forces
2
Area A mm 11980.0 11980.0
2
Web Area Aw mm 2700.0 2700.0
Unit Mass w kg/m 94.0 94.0
4
4
3
3
4
4
fbx Mpa 43.3 0.0
Flexure
fby Mpa 0.0 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85 1.00
Cmy 0.85 1.00
K 2.0 1.0
KLx/rx 31.04 21.92
KLb/b 13.50 9.53
Limit 120.00 120.00
Cc 99.35 99.35
Compression
Fa Mpa 160.9 174.8
Allowable
Stresses Cb 1.0 1.0
3
J mm 765000.0 765000.0
Flexure Fbx Mpa 220.0 220.0
Fby Mpa 220.0 220.0
F'ex Mpa 966.6 1938.4
Euler Buckling
F'ey Mpa 319.8 641.4
(1) 0.466 0.209
Checking (2) 0.444 0.194
Shear 53.89 0.00
2nd Bracing
Items Symbol Unit
Waler Brace
Property H-350×350×12×19 H-300×300×10×15
Pitch s m (9) 2.025 (11) 2.838
Forces
Prop Reaction q kN/m 325.3 325.3
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (9) 2500 (12) 2860.0
Unbraced Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) Ly mm (9) 2500 (12) 2860.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (9) 2500 (12) 2860.0
2
Section o
Forces Axial Force (waler=Lq+Nt , brace=qs*sin45 +Nt) N kN 1073.8 802.8
2
Area A mm 17390.0 11980.0
2
Web Area Aw mm 3744.0 2700.0
Unit Mass w kg/m 136.5 94.0
4
4
3
3
4
4
fbx Mpa 58.0 0.0
Flexure
fby Mpa 0.0 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85 1.00
Cmy 0.85 1.00
K 2.0 1.0
KLx/rx 32.84 21.92
KLb/b 14.29 9.53
Limit 120.00 120.00
Cc 99.35 99.35
Compression
Stresses Cb 1.0 1.0
3
J mm 1780145.3 765000.0
Flexure
Fbx Mpa 220.0 220.0
Fby Mpa 220.0 220.0
F'ex Mpa 863.1 1938.4
Euler Buckling
F'ey Mpa 291.3 641.4
(1) 0.632 0.383
Checking (2) 0.591 0.355
Shear 87.97 0.00

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DESIGN REPORT FOR TEMPORARY EXCAVATION WALL

DOCUMENT No.: SH-DGN-110-A1

SAIGON EAST-WEST HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

A1 D.C.Trung K. Konishi T.Tsuboi 1st edition for the Engineer’s approval

Design Report for Temporary

1.1. Relevant Specifications, Standards, and Documents

 Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works – AASHTO 1995.

 Drawings of temporary excavation walls are shown in Appendix-A.

2.1. Ground Level and Groundwater Table

2.2. Soil Properties

* For Pier P6, P7:

2.3.1. Active Earth Pressure

EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

SHEET PILE SHEET PILE

Fictitious hinge 1.2m Fictitious hinge

For Sand For Soft to Medium Clay

2.3.2. Passive Earth Pressure

* Cohesionless Soils: Pp = KpγH

2.3.3. Hydrostatic Pressure

EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

EXCAVATION SIDE LAND SIDE

2.3.4. Surcharge Load

2.3.5. Thermal Load

and at point of support:

fa: computed axial stress;

2.5. Material and Allowable Stresses

2.5.1. Structural Steel for Shoring

F.S = 2.12 – factor of safety

Limiting length of member:

2.5.2. Sheet Pile

Without welding of pile head:

 Sheet pile wall properties are as follows:

2.5.3. Tremie concrete:

Step1: Cantilever wall: Step2: Free-earth retaining wall:

Step3: Retaining wall with 2 layers of bracing

3.2. Calculation Method:

* At the equilibrium state:

3.2.2. Free-earth retaining wall:

* At the equilibrium state:

3.2.3. Retaining wall with 2 layers of bracing:

-11.00 Passive Pressure

Water Excav. side

OBAYASHI -P.S.MITSUBISHI JV 15 Total Excav. side

OBAYASHI -P.S.MITSUBISHI JV 16 Total

Total: 153.87 34.26

* Check of wall stress:

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