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This guide provides information on high-efficacy lighting products, as well as key lighting principles and
best-practice recommendations for those working on zero net energy projects and sustainable building
designs. The products and practices described in it were selected at the time this guide was written;
they are not an exhaustive representation of the rapidly evolving global lighting market.
This guide was created as a supplement to CLTC’s “2013 Title 24, Part 6 Residential Lighting” guide,
which is designed to help builders and lighting industry professionals become more familiar with the
residential lighting portion of California’s 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6).
For more information, including code compliance requirements and information on lighting controls,
please consult the “2013 Title 24, Part 6 Residential Lighting" guide.
2013 TITLE 24, PART 6:
RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
ALL HIGH-EFFICACY
RESIDENTIAL
LIGHTING
Lighting designs that consist entirely of high-efficacy luminaires and lamps exceed current energy code
requirements and are increasingly attractive to home buyers as demand grows for energy-efficient
smart homes and zero net energy (ZNE) residences.
Last year, before the start date of the 2013 standards, the California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC)
at UC Davis collaborated with Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) and other stakeholders to
understand and quantify the load reduction that all high-efficacy lighting achieves in residential buildings.
Working with builders and practicing lighting designers in PG&E territory, initial calculations by CLTC
found that installing high-efficacy lighting packages in new single-family and multi-family homes
reduced lighting demand 40 – 6 2% below lighting packages that only met the minimum requirements of
the 2008 Title 24, Part 6 standards, which allowed for both high-efficacy and low-efficacy light sources.
Demonstrations of all-high efficacy lighting are currently underway and lighting energy use is being
collected in order to validate savings under real-world conditions.
In the course of this work, CLTC identified best practices for achieving cost-effective all high-efficacy
lighting designs. Sample lighting plans presented in this guide were created based on these efforts.
Each plan takes the following factors into consideration: illuminance recommendations for residential
applications, compliance requirements for current and anticipated building codes and standards, product
availability, lighting design trends, and cost effectiveness.
Under the 2013 Title 24, Part 6 standards, luminaires classified as high efficacy must be designed
to operate with only energy-efficient light sources. Luminaires with traditional screw-base
sockets are considered low-efficacy.
The following table, derived from Table 150.0-A, lists the types of lamps and luminaires
classified as high efficacy and those classified as low efficacy, regardless of measured
performance, under the 2013 Title 24, Part 6 standards.
HIGH-EFFICACY LOW-EFFICACY
∙∙ Luminaires using LED light sources ∙∙ Luminaires using LED light sources
exclusively that have been certified to the not certified to the California Energy
California Energy Commission Commission
Permanently installed luminaires not listed in Table 150.0-A must meet minimum efficacy
requirements to be classified as high efficacy. These requirements are based on the
luminaires’ power rating (watts) and initial rated luminous flux (lumens or lm) of the lamps or
luminaire, specified in lumens per watt (lm / W).
LUMINAIRE MINIMUM
POWER RATING EFFICACY
0 – 5 W 30 lm / W
The 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards require LED luminaires to be certified to the
California Energy Commission to qualify as high efficacy. Luminaires designed to use LED sources
or housings listed by the manufacturer as only for use with LEDs must meet the minimum
efficacy requirements and the criteria listed in the Joint Appendix 8 (JA8) in the Reference
Appendices. This appendix contains additional requirements, including color quality
criteria. The 2013 Reference Appendices can be found on the Energy Commission's
2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards page at energy.ca.gov / title24 / 2013standards.
Dimmers and occupancy sensors reduce lighting energy use and are a part of all high-efficacy
lighting design. Dimmers give occupants more control over their lighting, allowing for the reduction
of lighting and energy use when it is not needed. It is important to correctly match the dimmer
with the type of lighting load being dimmed. This prevents equipment failure, and it is especially
critical with LED lighting. A dimmer should be chosen according to the total wattage of the lighting
it will control and in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.
Application appropriate occupancy sensors reduce lighting energy use by turning lights off after
the space is vacant for a pre-determined period of time. Occupancy sensors can provide a broad
range of functions, but not all are suitable for residential spaces. Vacancy sensors are a specific
type of occupancy sensor. They require that occupants turn lights on manually but automatically
turn them off after a space has been vacated.
To ensure luminaire and control compatibility, refer to manufacturer specifications and
compatibility requirements before purchasing lighting system components.
Switches
Dimmers
Vacancy Sensors
Color Temperature
Correlated color temperature (CCT) indicates the warmth or coolness of the light
emitted by a given source and is measured in Kelvin (K). Light sources with a
low CCT (2,700 – 3,000 K) give off light that is warm in appearance. Sources with
higher CCT values (4,000 – 6 ,500 K) provide light with a cooler color appearance.
Neutral sources range between 3000 K and 4000 K.
Selecting light sources with consistent CCTs helps maintain consistency in the
Color Rendering
The color rendering index (CRI) is the current industry standard for measuring
how accurately a light source renders the colors of the objects it illuminates.
The maximum CRI value is 100. LED light sources with a CRI of 90 or higher
are mandated by the 2013 standards in residential new construction residences
with permanently installed LED luminaires.
Specifying lamps and luminaires with similar color rendering properties helps
ensure wall colors, carpeting and other materials have a consistent appearance,
especially in adjoining spaces. The full-color LED Lighting Facts ® label issued by
the U.S. Department of Energy lists CRI, but the black-and-white Federal Trade
Commission label does not. Most manufacturers can supply information on CRI if
it is not immediately available on product packaging or literature.
In addition to code compliance and lighting color characteristics, three basic design factors
should be considered when selecting lighting products:
∙∙ Recommended light levels per area and task type, provided in Floor Plan chapters of this guide
∙∙ Light output of the lighting product, rated in lumens on product packaging
∙∙ Number of lighting products, dependent on the geometry of the room being illuminated
If lighting design software is not available to you, the Lumen Method, described below, can
be used to calculate the total number of lumens (and associated number of lighting products)
that would be required to achieve a desired light level (illuminance) for the room. Using basic
reflectance assumptions, the coefficient of utilization (CU) factor can be obtained and used
to calculate the number of lighting products needed. CU is dependent on the room geometry
defined by its Room Cavity Ratio (RCR). To determine the RCR, input the room dimensions
into the following calculation:
Determine the Room Cavity Ratio using one of the following equations:
H = Vertical distance from the work plane to the center line of the lighting fixture
L = Room length W = Room width P = Room perimeter length A = Room Area
Coeffecient of
0.88 0.78 0.69 0.61 0.55 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.37 0.34
Utilization
Examples of surfaces with reflectance values used in the calculations are provided below:
∙∙ 20%: Medium color floor, such as light brown
∙∙ 80%: Ceiling with white acoustic ceiling tile
∙∙ 50%: Wall with pastel paint
Based on the assumed room reflectance values and the RCR just calculated, the CU can be
selected from the table above. Combine this information with information on the specific
lighting product being considered in order to calculate the total number of products necessary
to meet your design goals.
Understanding how many lighting products are needed in the room to achieve the desired
lighting levels will allow you to implement a well-designed lighting system. The spacing of
lighting products may already be defined by installed fixtures in the room, but if the lighting
products are being installed where spacing needs to be determined, the light distribution and
home owner preference are two key factors. Recommended spacing distance varies from
product to product dependent on the light distribution, but a good rule of thumb is to space
lighting products in the ceiling 1 to 1.5 times the distance from the lighting product’s height to
the main task plane in the room.
HIGH-EFFICACY LIGHTING
The standards allow designers and builders to choose from a variety of lighting
strategies and technologies. Options are available across a broad range of price
points and can suit a variety of aesthetics. The sample lighting designs presented
here are representations and include just a few of the many products available
on the market today.
KITCHEN
BATHROOM
OTHER ROOMS
PHOTO: CLTC, UC DAVIS
The whole house floor plan depicts a typical floor plan representative of a a newly constructed, one-story,
single family home. This lighting plan is compliant with 2013 energy-efficiency standards. The following pages
provide alternate lighting plans that exceed the standards instead of just meeting them. Each space type utilizes
all high-efficacy LED lighting paired with space-appropriate controls, including dimmers and motion sensing
technologies. Application appropriate fixture types are provided for each space type in the example lighting plans.
A sampling of code-compliant, residential LED fixtures are provided at the end of this guide.
Lighting Schedule
MASTER BEDROOM
VANITY LUMINAIRE 2 40 80
ROOM 1 – 3
BATHROOM
VANITY LUMINAIRE 1 40 40
ENTRY
HALLWAY
6" FLUORESCENT RECESSED DOWNLIGHT 5 13 65
CONTROLS Switch Switch with vacancy sensor Dimmer switch 3-way Dimmer switch
NOOK
LIVING ROOM
MASTER KITCHEN
BATHROOM
ROOM 1
ENTRY
HALLWAY
ROOM 2
GARAGE
BATHROOM
ROOM 3
LAUNDRY
ROOM
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
CONTROLS Switch Switch with vacancy sensor Dimmer switch 3-way dimmer switch
25'
KITCHEN
11' CEILING
4'- 7"
12'- 4"
NOOK
9' CEILING
Vanities
Casual inspection 20 @ 3' above finished floor 20 @ 5' above finished floor
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
25'
9'- 9" 9'- 9"
2'- 11"
4"
8'- 11"
BATHROOM
8'- 6"
3'
9' CEILING
2'- 8"
Garage
Vehicle Bay
Vehicle maintenance 20 @ 3' above finished floor 10 @ 3' above finished floor
Work bench
Laundry
Wash and dry 20 @ 3' above finished floor 5 @ 3' above finished floor
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
20'- 4"
20'- 6"
GARAGE
9' CEILING
LAUNDRY ROOM
6'- 8"
9' CEILING
5'- 11"
Bedrooms
Reading in Bed 20 @ 3' above finished floor 10 @ 3' above finished floor
Sitting Areas 20 @ 2.5' above finished floor 5 @ 2.5' above finished floor
Television Viewing 3 @ 4' above finished floor 1.5 @ 4' above finished floor
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
14'
14'- 11"
19'- 6"
LIVING ROOM
11' CEILING
4'- 7"
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
14'
BEDROOM
16'- 4"
9' CEILING
Total Efficacy
Symbol Luminaire Qty. Watts
Watts (Lumens / Watt)
4'
23'- 2"
HALLWAY
9' CEILING
CEILING-MOUNTED RECESSED
CEILING-MOUNTED SURFACE
CEILING-MOUNTED SUSPENDED
WALL MOUNTED
UNDERCABINET
PHOTO: HINKLEY LIGHTING
VANITY
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
dmf Lighting
Elite Lighting
Fahrenheit Lighting
Iris Products
Liton
MaxLite
Portfolio
Progress Lighting
Tech Lighting
Tech Lighting
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
Fredrick Ramond
Fredrick Ramond
Fredrick Ramond
Fredrick Ramond
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
Permlight
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
Aion LED
Diode LED
EcoSense
EcoSense
Nora Lighting
Tech Lighting
Tech Lighting
UNILUME LED MICRO CHANNEL 3000 K 90 13 W 63
700UMCD304930*
WAC Lighting
EFFICACY
PRODUCT CCT CRI WATTS
(Lumens / Watt)
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
Hinkley Lighting
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