Pseudohallucination

A pseudohallucination is an involuntary
sensory experience vivid enough to be
regarded as a hallucination, but
recognised by the patient not to be the
result of external stimuli. Unlike normal
hallucinations, which occurs when one
sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels
something that is not there, with a
compelling feeling or thought that it is real,
pseudohallucinations are recognised by
the person as unreal.

In other words, it is a hallucination that is

recognized as a hallucination, as opposed
to a "normal" hallucination which would be
perceived as real. An example used in
psychiatry is the hearing of voices which
are "inside the head" according to the
patient; in contrast, a hallucination would
be indistinguishable to the patient from a
real external stimulus, e.g. "people were
talking about me".

The term is not widely used in the

psychiatric and medical fields, as it is
considered ambiguous;[1] the term
nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred.[2]
Pseudohallucinations, then, are more likely
to happen with a hallucinogenic drug. But
"the current understanding of
pseudohallucinations is mostly based on
the work of Karl Jaspers".[3]

A further distinction is sometimes made

between pseudohallucinations and
parahallucinations, the latter being a result
of damage to the peripheral nervous
system.[4]

They are considered a feature of

conversion disorder, somatization
disorder, and dissociative disorders.[5]
Also, pseudohallucinations can occur in
people with visual/hearing loss, with the
typical such type being Charles Bonnet
syndrome.

See also
Anomalous experiences

References
1. Berrios, G. E.; Dening, T. R. (2009).
"Pseudohallucinations: A conceptual
history". Psychological Medicine. 26 (4):
753–63.
doi:10.1017/S0033291700037776 .
PMID 8817710 .
2. van der Zwaard, Roy; Polak, Machiel A.
(2001). "Pseudohallucinations: A
pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of
the concept, related to associate
symptomatology". Comprehensive
Psychiatry. 42 (1): 42–50.
doi:10.1053/comp.2001.19752 .
PMID 11154715 .
3. Sanati, Abdi (2012).
"Pseudohallucinations: a critical review"
(PDF). Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and
Neuro Sciences. 5 (2): 42–47.
4. El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L.
(2010). "Hallucinations,
pseudohallucinations, and
parahallucinations". Psychiatry. 73 (1): 34–
42. doi:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34 .
PMID 20235616 .
5. First, Michael B.; Frances, Allen; Pincus,
Harold Alan (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook
of Differential Diagnosis. American
Psychiatric Pub. p. 64.

Bibliography
В. Х. Кандинский. О
псевдогаллюцинациях (Victor
Kandinsky On Pseudohallucinations)

See also
Lucid dream
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