For a structural column, anchor bolt tensions should be determined by a method

which considers strain compatibility and equilibrium of forces and moments. One
such method, based on reinforced concrete working stress design procedures, has
been published by Blodgett.

Analysis of the anchorage as a reinforced concrete section should conform to the

following guidelines, in addition to the requirements of A CI 3 18:

a. Anchor bolts should be considered as reinforcement, with area equal to

anchor bolt tensile stress area. Tensile stress area is tabulated in the AISC
ASD Manual and AISC LRFD Manual for bolt diameters up to 6 inches (150
mm).

b. If there is shear on the anchorage, it may be carried by anchor bolts in the

compressive region of the section. If these bolts do not provide sufficient
shear resistance, then analysis of the section should use a reduced anchor bolt
area to account for reduced bolt tensile capacity. One expression for reduced
anchor bolt area is

(3.2)

where:

A'ff = effective anchor bolt area for resisting tension, in2 (mm 2 )
A, = anchor bolt tensile stress area, in 2 (mm 2 )
Vu = ultimate shear per bolt, kip (kN)
I/J = strength reduction factor = 0.85
Ii = friction coefficient from A CI 349, Appendix B
= 0.55 ....when the bottom of the base plate is raised above the
concrete surface, as on a grout bed
= 0.70 ....when the bottom of the base plate is on the concrete
surface
= 0.90 ....when the top of the base plate is at or below the concrete
surface
fy = anchor bolt yield stress, ksi (kPa)

c. The concrete cross-section should be the concrete area beneath the base plate.
j
For the analysis to be valid, two additional constraints must be present. First, the
anchorage must develop the yield strength of the anchor bolt. Second, the base plate
must be sufficiently thick (or stiffened) so that it does not form a mechanism with
s1
plastic hinges before the anchor bolts yield. One way to ensure adequate base plate

3-9