Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ABSTRACT
Titration is one of the famous techniques that one should master as it is the basic of
determine the concentration of another solution. Usually base will be added into the burette
while the acid was added into the Erlenmeyer flask. Then you can start titrating your solution.
Phenolphthalein is one of the main indicators used to indicate the colour changes during titration.
When colour of analyte turn into pale pink, it means that the solution achieved the neutralization
advantage that one actually monitors the change in pH at the equivalence point rather than just
observing the change in color of a visual indicator. This eliminates any indicator blank error.
At this equivalence point the Ph is neutral when the moles of acid and base are
equivalence. There are few types of titration, that is acid base titration, complexation titration,
precipitation titration, redox titration, titration of a weak acid and strong base and sort of it. Yet,
it consumes the same basic techniques of titration. In our experiment, we will titrate a strong
base with strong acid and weak acid to determine the concentration of acid, the pKA and KA
values.
OBJECTIVES
4.
Phenolphthalein indicator
Burette
Pipette
250ml beaker
Ph meter
White tile
PROCEDURES
1. The buret was filled with 0.1M NaOH. 25.00 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH were pipette into
a 250 mL beaker and 3–4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added. The beaker was
2. The solution was titrated by adding the NaOH titrant in 1–2 mL increments. we swirled
3. The colored form of the phenolphthalein will begin to stay for a while and then disappear.
At this point add the NaOH was added dropwise until the acetic acid is a very light color.
4. The pH of the solution in the beaker at this end point was measured and recorded. Then
the pH probe rinsed with distilled water and replace the probe tip into its vial.
5. Any color changed were observed during the titration. The pH and added NaOH volume
at that indicator’s endpoint should be used to estimate the target point when conducting
2 0 2 3.18
4 2 2 3.67
6 4 2 3.90
8 6 2 4.09
10 8 2 4.37
12 10 2 4.53
14 12 2 4.73
16 14 2 4.90
18 16 2 5.08
20 18 2 5.38
22 20 2 6.06
24 22 2 6.58
26 24 2 6.89
28 26 2 11.27
30 28 2 11.70
32 30 2 11.90
34 32 2 12.04
CALCULATION FOR ACETIC ACID
From the graph shown we know that 27 ml is the volume of equivalence point
Convert ml to l
24 ml
= 0.027𝑙 (volume of equivalence point)
1000
moles of analyte
⁄original volume of analyte (l)
Pka = 4.5
= 3.2 × 10 -5
Polyprotic acid (phosphoric acid)
2 0 2 1.46
4 2 2 1.52
6 4 2 1.58
8 6 2 1.64
10 8 2 1.78
12 10 2 1.81
14 12 2 1.91
16 14 2 2.00
18 16 2 2.02
20 18 2 2.12
22 20 2 2.19
24 22 2 2.27
26 24 2 2.37
28 26 2 2.46
30 28 2 2.59
32 30 2 2.73
34 32 2 2.94
36 34 2 3.22
38 36 2 3.92
40 38 2 5.52
42 40 2 5.80
44 42 2 6.04
46 44 2 6.21
48 46 2 6.38
50 48 2 6.53
52 50 2 6.68
54 52 2 6.73
56 54 2 6.86
58 56 2 6.96
60 58 2 7.07
62 60 2 7.28
64 62 2 7.40
66 64 2 7.56
68 66 2 7.70
70 68 2 7.95
72 70 2 8.37
74 72 2 8.78
76 74 2 10.07
78 76 2 10.65
TITRATION CURVE FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID
CALCULATION FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID
We need to find the concentration of acid . In this case the ratio is still 1:1 .
From the graph shown we know that 76 ml is the volume to reach second equivalence point
Convert ml to l
76 ml
= 0.076𝑙 (volume of equivalence point)
1000
moles of analyte
⁄original volume of analyte (l)
Since phosphoric acid need two stage to dissociates it hydrogen ion, there is two pka value.
Pka 1 = 2.1
Ka = 7.5 x 10 -3
Pka 2 = 7.2
Ka = 6.3 x 10-8
DISCUSSION
On the first section, we titrated strong base with weak acid. The volume consumed and
the ph obtained were recorded in the table. Based on the data, I plotted the ph versus volume and
direct determine the pka value and how much volume of base needed to neutralize the acid. The
The left flask showing that it is not achieving it equilibrium point while the right flask doe
achieve.
The molarity of the acid can then be calculated since the number of moles of base added is the
same as the number of moles of acid in the flask, and the volume of the base added is also known
from the graph. Often the pH of the solution will change dramatically at the equivalence point.
An acid-base indicator works by changing color over a given pH range. If an indicator which
changes color near the equivalence point is chosen, there is also a dramatic change in the color of
can find the concentration of acetic acid. The concentration is 0.11M. Volume of base needed to
neutralize the acid can be predicted based on the graph plotted. Volume at equivalence point is
the volume of sodium hydroxide needed to dissociates the H ion in the acid. Based on this
experiment I can conclude that the more strong base (NaoH) were consumed, the Ph will
increased. Monoprotic acid and polyprotic acid have the different concentration of ion hydrogen
which will affected the volume of base needed to neutralize the solution. However both of them
will shows pale pink when achieved the equivalence moles of acid and base. The ka value is 3.2
× 10-5.
Polyprotic acid were used to differentiate it titration curve, and the crurve obtain is
double the double S shaped graph. This graph shows that polyprotic acid needs few stage to
dissociates it hydrogen ion. Polyprotic acid used is phosphoric acid, and it is an acid with 3H
hydrogen which means, need for about 3 stage to completely dissociates it hydrogen ion. But we
manage to plot only 2 stage of acid dissociation. The pka value is 2.1 and 7.2.
REFERENCES
1.Titration of an HCL-Phosphoric
http://ion.chem.usu.edu/~sbialkow/Classes/361/mixed/titration
http://dwb5.unl.edu/chem/DoChem/DoChem-103.html
LEARNING REFLECTION
Most of us familiar with the titration, but in this case it is quite different as we using pH
meter. I learned about how to use pH meter and how sensitive it is to handle. Before using the
pH meter, we need to calibrated it first in the buffer solution with the pH of 4,7 and 10. After
that we can proceed to dip the pH bulb in solution to determine it pH . Besides my lecturer do
remind me about handling the apparatus carefully especially during the process of filling the