1/16/2018 Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes Science Chemistry

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Chapter 1 chemical reactions and

equations Chapter 3 Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes NCERT CBSE Chemistry Download pdf

Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes
NCERT CBSE Chapter 3 Chemistry Download pdf
Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
Elements are classified broadly into two categories on the basis of properties: Metals: Iron, Zinc,
Chapter 6 Life Processes
Copper, Aluminium etc.

Chapter 7 Control and

Coordination Non – metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc.Apart from metals and non-metals
some elements show properties of both metals and non – metals, e.g. Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium
Chapter 12 Electricity
.They are called metalloids
Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of
Electric Current
Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non – metals:-
Chapter 14 Sources of Energy S.No Property Metals Non-Metals
Chapter 4 Carbon and its Metals are solid at
Non-metals generally
Compounds room
1 Physical State exist as solids and
temperature. Except
gases, except Bromine.
Chapter 8 Diversity in living mercury and gallium.
Organisms Metals generally have
Non-metals have low
Melting and high m.pt and b.pt
Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 2 m.pt and b.pt except
boiling points except gallium and
diamond and graphite.
cesium.
Chapter 5 Periodic Classification
3 Density Generally high. Generally low.
of Elements
Malleability and Neither malleable nor
4 Malleable and ductile.
Chapter 10 Light (Reflection and Ductility ductile.
Refraction) Generally poor
Electrical and Good conductors of
conductors of heat and
Chapter 11 The Human Eye and 5 thermal heat
electricity except
the Colourful conductivity and electricity.
graphite.
Chapter 16 Management of Do not have luster
6 Luster Poses shining luster.
Natural Resources except iodine.
Give sonorous sound Does not give
chapter 15 Our Environment 7 Sonorous sound
when struck. sonorous sound.
Solid non-metals are
Generally hard except
8 Hardness generally soft except
Na, K
diamond.
Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:-

1 Reaction Metal + Oxygen→Metal Non-metal + Oxygen

with oxide →Non-metal oxide
Oxygen 4Na(s) + O2(g) C + O2 →CO2
→2Na2O(s) S + O2 →SO2
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) →2Al2O3 Non-metals form acidic
Metals form basic oxides oxides
Zn and Al form CO and HO2O are

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1/16/2018 Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes Science Chemistry
amphoteric oxides (they
show the properties of
both acidic and basic
oxides)
Most of the metal oxides
are insoluble in water
Some of them dissolve to
form Alkali
Na2O(s) + H2O(l)
→2NaOH(aq)
Metals react with water
to
form metal oxides or
Reaction metal hydroxide and H2
2 with gas is released.
water 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)
→2NaOH +
H2(g) + heat
Metal + Acid →Metal salt
+ Hydrogen
HCl
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)→
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Reaction H2SO4
with 2Na(s) + H2SO2→
3
dilute Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g)
Acids
HNO3
Metal + HNO3→ H2 gas
is not displaced.
Reason- HNO3 is strong
oxidizing agent.
When metals react with
salt
solution, more reactive
Reaction metal will displace a less
4 with salt reactive metal from its
solutions salt solution.
CuSO4(aq) +
n(s)→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Metal + Chlorine→ Metal
Chloride
Reaction ionic bond is formed.
5 with Therefore Ionic
Chlorine compound is obtained.
2Na+ Cl2 → 2NaCl
Metals react with
hydrogen
Reaction to form metal hydride
6 with This reaction takes place
Hydrogen only for most reactive
metals.       2Na(s)+ H2(g)
→ 2NaH(s)
neutral oxides(they are
neither acidic nor basic
in nature)  Non- metal
oxides are soluble in
water
They dissolve in water
to form acids
SO2 + H2O →H2SO3
Non-metals do not react
with water, steam to
evolve hydrogen gas.
Because  Non-metals
cannot give electrons to
hydrogen in water so
that it can be released
as H2 gas.
Non-metals do not react
with acids to release H2
gas                  
Reason- Non-metals
cannot loose electrons
and give it to Hydrogen
ions of acids so that the
gas is released.
Mn + 2HNO3→
Mn(NO3)2 + H2
H2 gas from HNO3
When non-metals react
with salt solution, more
reactive non-metal will
displace a less reactive
non-metal from its salt
solution.
2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)→
2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
Non-metal +
Chlorine→Non-metal
Chloride
covalent bond is formed.
Therefore covalent
compound is obtained.
H2(g) + Cl2 → 2HCl
Non-metals react with
hydrogen to form
hydrides     H2(g) + S(l)
→ H2S(g)

Properties of ionic    
compounds
 Physical solid and hard due to strong force of attraction. 
1. :  
nature (generally brittle)
Melting point have high M.P and B.P, as large amount of heat
2. and boiling :   energy is required to break strong ionic
point attraction.
soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and
3. Solubility :  
pertrol.           
Conduction of ionic compounds in solid state-----does not
4. :  
electricity conduct electricity.
Reason—Ions can not move due to rigid solid structure. Ionic compounds
conduct electricity in molten state.
Reason--  Ions can move freely since the electrostatic forces of attraction
between the oppositely charged ions are overcome due to heat.
 
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1/16/2018 Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes Science Chemistry

Occurrence of metals.
It occurs in Earths crust, sea-water

Ores
Minerals that contain very high
percentage of a perticular metal
Minerals
and these met als can be
Elements or compounds, occuring
extracted economically on a
naturally in the earth‘s crust
large scale.
e.g Bouxite ore → Aluminium
Haematite   → Iron

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1/16/2018 Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes Science Chemistry

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