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What is the difference

between a turbocharger
and a supercharger on a
car engine?
Let's start with the similarities. Both turbochargers and superchargers are
called forced induction systems. They compress the air flowing into the
engine (see How Car Engines Work for a description of airflow in a normal
engine). The advantage of compressing the air is that it lets the engine stuff
more air into a cylinder. More air means that more fuel can be stuffed in, too,
so you get more power from each explosion in each cylinder. A
turbo/supercharged engine produces more power overall than the same
engine without the charging.

The typical boost provided by either a turbocharger or a supercharger is 6 to 8


pounds per square inch (psi). Since normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi
at sea level, you can see that you are getting about 50-percent more air into
the engine. Therefore, you would expect to get 50-percent more power. It's not
perfectly efficient, though, so you might get a 30-percent to 40-percent
improvement instead.

The key difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger is its power


supply. Something has to supply the power to run the air compressor. In a
supercharger, there is a belt that connects directly to the engine. It gets its
power the same way that the water pump or alternator does. A turbocharger,
on the other hand, gets its power from the exhaust stream. The exhaust runs
through a turbine, which in turn spins the compressor (see How Gas Turbine
Engines Work for details).
There are tradeoffs in both systems. In theory, a turbocharger is more efficient
because it is using the "wasted" energy in the exhaust stream for its power
source. On the other hand, a turbocharger causes some amount of back
pressure in the exhaust system and tends to provide less boost until the
engine is running at higher RPMs. Superchargers are easier to install but tend
to be more expensive.

Twincharger
Twincharger refers to a compound forced induction system used on some piston-type internal
combustion engines. It is a combination of an exhaust-driven turbocharger and an engine-
driven supercharger, each mitigating the weaknesses of the other. A belt-driven or shaft-driven
supercharger offers exceptional response and low-rpm performance as it has no lag time
between the application of throttle and pressurization of the manifold (assuming that it is
a positive-displacement supercharger such as a Roots type or twin-screw and not a Centrifugal
compressor supercharger, which does not provide boost until the engine has reached higher
RPMs). When combined with a large turbocharger — if the "turbo" was used by itself, it would
offer unacceptable lag and poor response in the low-rpm range — the proper combination of the
two can offer a zero-lag powerband with high torque at lower engine speeds and increased
power at the higher end. Twincharging is therefore desirable for small-displacement motors (such
as VW's 1.4TSI), especially those with a large operating rpm, since they can take advantage of
an artificially broad torque band over a large speed range.

Traction
the action of drawing or pulling something over a surface, especially a road or track

Traction Control systems optimise grip and stability of the car on the road during
acceleration by measuring wheel rotation. It stops wheel spin by reducing engine
power or temporarily applying the brakes to that wheel, allowing the car to
accelerate smoothly, even on slippery surfaces.

What’s the difference between friction and traction?

While friction is a general physical expression, vehicle traction can be defined as the
friction between a drive wheel and the road surface.

“traction is the friction between a drive wheel and the road surface.
If you lose traction, you lose road grip.”
Now you know that it all comes down to friction. You also realize that traction as
such cannot be increased by way of electronic systems. To really increase traction,
you need to physically introduce something with a higher coefficient of friction under
the tyres. Actually, this is what you do when you sand an icy road or use snow
chains – you increase the coefficient of friction. At the end of the day it’s all about
friction in that small area of contact between the tyre and the road – and it’s all pure
physics.

If your vehicle loses traction, it's crucial to get it back. Have a look at some different
methods to increase traction.

Whether driving a small go-kart or a heavy hauler, you must have


traction to move forward. Actually, you can’t even walk without it.
Traction is a commonly used word and many believe it’s just
another word for friction. But is it really? Let’s have a closer look at
friction and traction – what it is and why it’s so fundamental to safe
driving.

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