WATER AND SOLUTION

1 Diagram 9 shows two methods of water purification, P and Q.

Which of the following shows the differences between P and Q?

P Q
A To separate insoluble solids To kill microorganisms
B To remove impurities To remove colour
C To remove sediment To remove impurities
D To remove colour To kill microorganisms

PMR 2008

2 What change takes place to water at its freezing point?

A Liquid to gas
B Gas to solid
C Solid to liquid
D Liquid to solid
PMR 2008
3 Diagram 8 shows two methods, P and Q, of water purification.

Diagram 8

What is the reason for using methods P and Q?

PMR 2007
4 Diagram 9 shows a beaker of water left on a table in a laboratory for three days.

Diagram 9

After three days, the water level in the beaker decreases. Why does this happen?

A Water molecules lose heat and turn into solid.

B Water molecules absorb heat and turn into gas.
C Water molecules lose energy and turn into gas.
D Water molecules vibrate in a fixed position and turn into gas.
PMR 2007

5 Diagram 3 shows a piece of towel hanging on a rail.

Diagram 3

Which of the following factors will cause the towel to dry faster?

i Movement of air
ii Higher temperature of the surroundings
iii Higher humidity of the air
 A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
PMR 2006

6 Diagram 10 shows a few ice cubes in a glass of orange juice.

Diagram 10

Which of the following is true about the water droplets?

A Have sour taste

B Turn blue litmus paper to red
C pH7 when tested with pH paper
D Decolourise acidic potassium permanganate solution
PMR 2006
7 Diagram 12 shows the pH value of three substances P, Q and R.

Diagram 12

Which of the following is true about P, Q and R?

A
P Toothpaste Alkali
Q Milk of magnesia Alkali
R Vinegar Acid
B
P Milk of magnesia Alkali
Q Distilled water Neutral
R Fresh milk Acid
C
P Orange juice Acid
Q Distilled water Neutral
R Milk of magnesia Alkali
D
P Orange juice Acid
Q Fresh milk Acid
R Toothpaste Alkali
PMR 2006

8 The diagram shows the pH of substances P, Q, R and S.

1 7 14 pH

P Q R S

Which of the following represents substances P, Q, R and S?

P Q R S
A Toothpaste Washing soda Distilled water Vinegar
B Lemon juice Vinegar Distilled water Toothpaste
C
 D Washing soda Distilled water Vinegar Lemon juice
Vinegar Distilled water Toothpaste Washing soda

PMR 2005

9 Diagram A, B, C and D show the mass of 20 g of sugar in various shapes. Which shape of
sugar will dissolve fastest?

A B C D

PMR 2004
1 Diagram 1 shows three beakers, X, Y and Z, each containing 100 cm3 of distilled
water. Different quantities of salt are put into each beaker. The solutions are then
stirred using a glass rod. (PMR 2006)

DIAGRAM 1

Diagram 1

(a) Name the solvent used.

________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(b) State one difference between the salt solutions in beaker Y and beaker Z.

________________________________________________________________
 (1 mark)

(c) State two ways to dissolve the undissolved salt in beaker Z.

1. ______________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(d) An egg sinks when it is placed in the salt solution in beaker X.

(i) Suggest one way in which the egg could be made to float.

______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) Give one explanation for your answer in 1(d)(i).

______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
2 Diagram 2 shows three identical handkerchiefs, P, Q and R. All the handkerchiefs
are wet and are dried under the hot sun for 2 hours in the following manner:
Handkerchief P is folded into 4, handkerchief Q is folded into 2 and handkerchief R
is not folded. (PMR 2006)

Diagram 2

(a) (i) Which handkerchief will dry first?

______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) Give one reason for your answer in 2(a)(i).

______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(b) Haris wears a wet shirt. He stands under a moving fan to dry the shirt.
Explain how the situation can help Haris to dry his shirt.

______________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(c) Dried fish are normally processed by exposing them under the sunlight.
Explain one method to make the fish dry faster.

Method:

______________________________________________________________

Explanation:

______________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
3 Diagram 3.1 shows the apparatus set-up and the initial temperature reading of
distilled water in an experiment. The distilled water is heated. (PMR 2007)

Diagram 3.1

(a) Record the initial temperature of the distilled water.

______________.0C

(1 mark)

(b) Table 3.1 shows the results of this experiment.

Time / min 2 4 6 8 10

Temperature / o C 50 70 90 100 100

Table 3.1

State the variables involved in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable ____________________________________________

(ii) Responding variable ____________________________________________

(iii) Constant variable ____________________________________________

(3 marks)

(c) State a hypothesis based on the result in Table 3.1.

 _______________________________________________________________.
(1 mark)

(d) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided.
Based on Table 3.1, draw a graph of temperature against time.
( 3 marks)

(e) Based on the graph drawn in 3(d),

(i) predict the temperature of the distilled water at the 12th minute.

_________________o C
(1 mark)

(ii) state the relationship between temperature and time.

_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark).
Graph for Question 3(d)

Temperature / oC

120

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10
Time /min

2 4 6 8 10
 (f) This experiment is repeated by replacing distilled water containing salt (impure
water). This salt solution is heated.
Table 3.2 shows the result of the experiment.

Time / min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Temperature /o C 30 50 82 95 102 105 106

Table 3.2

Based on Table 3.1 and Table 3.2.

(i) What is your inference about the boiling point of salt solution?

________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) What can you deduce about the meaning of impure water?

_______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

4 (a) Diagram 4 shows the process of water treatment in a treatment plant.

(PMR 2008)

Diagram 4

Diagram 4
(i) Name the part labelled P.

______________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(ii) Why is the water from the river collected and stored in P?

_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(iii) Why chlorine is added in the chlorination tank?

_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

(b) State one method for treating muddy river water for daily usage.
Give the reason for the chosen method.

Method : _______________________________________________________
(1 mark)

Reason : _______________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(c) You are given a glass of tap water. How do you determine the purity of the
water?

________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
 WATER AND SOLUTIONS

ANSWER:

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. D

Water and solution

PMR 2006
1(a) Distilled water
(b) Any one answer
- Salt solution in beaker Y is less concentrated than in beaker Z.
- Salt solution in beaker Y is not saturated but salt solution in beaker Z is
saturated.
- More salt can dissolve in beaker Y but the salt in beaker Z cannot dissolve
completely.

(c) 1. Add more solvent / distilled water

2. Heat the solution / increase the temperature

(d) (i) Add more salt into beaker X.

(ii) Dissolving more salt in beaker X increases the density of the solution. When the
density of the salt solution is higher than the density of the egg, the egg will float.

2(a) (i) Handkerchief R

(ii) R has the biggest exposed surface area / R is not folded.

(b) The moving air increases the rate of evaporation./ The moving air decreases air
humidity.
(c)
Any one pair of method and explanation
Method : Slice open the fish / Spread the fish apart from one another
Explanation : Increasing the surface area increases the rate of evaporation.

Method : Place the fish in an open and windy area

Explanation : Movement of air is faster and the rate of evaporation increases.

Method : Expose to smoke

Explanation : Increase the air temperature increases the rate of evaporation.

Method : Place the fish in a less humid area

 Explanation : Less water vapour in the air increases the rate of evaporation.

PMR 2007
3(a) 28.50C

(b) (i) Time

(ii) Temperature of distilled water
(iii) Volume of water / Type of water / Rate of heating
(c) The longer the time taken to heat the distilled water, the higher the temperature.

(d)

Temperature / oC

120

100 x x

90 x

80

70 x

60

50 x

40

30
x
20

10
Time /min

2 4 6 8 10

(i) 1000C
(e)
(ii) As time increases, temperature increases. After 8 minutes, the temperature
becomes
constant.
 (i) The boiling point of salt solution is higher than the boiling point of distilled water.
(f) (ii) Impure water has a boiling point higher than 100oC./ Impure water is water that
contains
dissolved substances.