𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 1𝑒𝑟.

𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛

𝑦 ′ + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)

𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝑃 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑒

𝑆𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑢 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙

𝑢𝑦 ′ + 𝑢𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑢

𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠:

𝑑 𝑦𝑢
= 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑢 → 𝑦𝑢= 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥
1)

𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 𝑦𝑢= 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦
𝑦 − = 𝑥3
′
𝑥
1 3
1
1 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑃 𝑥 = − , 𝑄 𝑥 = 𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
𝑦
= 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 ′ + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥) 𝑥
1 𝑦 𝑥3
𝑢=𝑒 𝑃 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=𝑒 −𝑥𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑥 3
ln 𝑥 −1
1 𝑥4
𝑢 = 𝑒 − ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 = 𝑥 −1 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎: 𝑦= + 𝐶𝑥
x 3
2)

𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑃 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑄 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 1
𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑒 2𝑥
4
𝑃 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑒 =𝑒 = 𝑒 2𝑥
1 2 2𝑥 2
𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑦𝑢= 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
1 2 2𝑥 1
= 𝑥 𝑒 − 2𝑥 − 1 𝑒 2𝑥
2 4
𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 … . . (1)
𝐸𝑛 (1): 𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 … . . (1)
1 2 2𝑥 1 1
𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 2𝑥
= 𝑥 𝑒 − 2𝑥 − 1 𝑒 + 2 2𝑥 − 1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4 4
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑒 −2𝑥
1 2 1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1 + 2 2𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥
2 4 4

𝑥2 1
𝑦= + −2𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑥 − 2 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥
2 4
𝑥2 1
𝑦= + 2𝑥 − 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥
2 4
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎: 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝑦= + − + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥
2 2 4
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐸𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙:
𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 1 −2𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑥 1
𝑥 + − 2𝐶𝑒 +2 + − + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 2 2 2 4

𝑥2 𝑥 1 1 −2𝑥
1
𝑦= + − + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑥 + − 2𝐶𝑒 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 − + 2𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
2
2 2 4 2 2

1 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥 + − 2𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥
′
2
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜
3) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 1 + 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥
𝑆𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥:
𝑦𝑢 = 𝑄 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
1+𝑥 1 −𝑥
𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1+𝑥 1
𝑃 𝑥 = = +1 𝑦 𝑥 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑦 𝑥 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑒 𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥+𝑥
𝑢 = 2𝑥

2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 𝑑(2𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶

4 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶

1 𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶 … . . (1)
4 2
𝑦 𝑥 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐷𝑒 1 sin 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 :
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎:
𝑥
1 𝑥
𝑦𝑥𝑒 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 +𝐶
4 2