Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits

Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits
Ex.1
Ex.2
Ex.3
Ex.4
Ex.5
Ex.6
Ex.7
Ex.8
Ex.9
Ex.10
Ex.11
Ex.12
Ex.13
Ex.14
Ex.15
Ex.16
Ex.17
Q'ty
Equipment
Required
Hydraulic
UH-001 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Workbench
Hydraulic Power
UH-101 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Unit
UH-111 Pressure Gauge 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
UH-116 Accumulator 1 1
Double- Acting
UH-201 Hydraulic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cylinder
Differential
UH-203 Hydraulic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cylinder
Double- Acting
UH-205 Hydraulic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cylinder
UH-211 Hydraulic Motor 1 1
2/2-Way Single-
UH-401 1 1 1
Solenoid Valve
3/2-Way Single-
UH-403 1 1 1
Solenoid Valve
4/2-Way Single-
UH-405 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solenoid Valve
4/3-Way Double-
UH-411 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solenoid Valve
4/3-Way Double-
UH-419 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solenoid Valve
UH-601 Check Valve 1 2 1 1 4 4
Pilot- Operated
UH-603 1 1 1
Check Valve
Flow Control
UH-611 2 2 1 2 2 2
Valve
2-Way Throttle
UH-613 1 1 1
Valve
Pressure Relief
UH-701 1 1 1 1 1
Valve
Pilot- Operated
UH-703 Pressure Relief 2 2
Valve
1
Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits
Ex.1
Ex.2
Ex.3
Ex.4
Ex.5
Ex.6
Ex.7
Ex.8
Ex.9
Ex.10
Ex.11
Ex.12
Ex.13
Ex.14
Ex.15
Ex.16
Ex.17
Q'ty
Equipment
Required
3-Way Pressure
UH-711 1 1
Reducing Valve
UH-723 Sequence Valve 1 1 1
Counter balance
UH-733 1 1 1
Valve
Pressure
UH-801 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Distributor
Return
UH-803 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Distributor
UH-805 3-Way Distributor 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 4
UH-807 4-Way Distributor 3 1 3
UH-809 Shut-Off Valve 1 1 1 1 1 1
UH-814 Hose, 1M 10 10 8 10 10 7 10 9 6 6 9 7 10 10 7 10 7 10
UH-815 Hose, 1.5M 3 3 2 3 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 5
UH-821 Pressure Switch 1 1
Connecting Lead
UE-501 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Set
Limit Switch
UE-907-L 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
(Left)
Limit Switch
UE-907-R 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
(Right)
UE-911 Reed Switch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
PLC-200 PLC Trainer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
Operation Notes
1. Do not tug at the wires when disconnecting them, so as not to hurt the wires.
2. Connect the wires according to circuit and follow the sequence of connecting them
from left to right and from top to bottom. The positive and negative electrical source
should be separated from a switch so as to prevent short circuit.
3. After the electrical and hydraulic circuits are connected properly, first turn on the
power to the hydraulic power unit and upon ensuring that the hydraulic system is
functioning properly, turn on the electrical circuit power.
4. Ensure that those have double-solenoid valves, do not activate both solenoids at the
same time during the experimental process, in order to prevent damaging the valve
control.
5. After experiment finish, clean up the components and return them to their original
positions.
6. Release pressure in hydraulic circuit before connecting and disconnecting hoses. For
convenience the pressure release circuit shown below is recommended if you have
an additional shut-off valve. (Note: The pressure and return distributors are mounted
on workbench and not shown in hydraulic circuits throughout this manual.)
To release pressure in circuit, follow the steps:

(a) Turn off the hydraulic power unit to reduce system pressure to zero.
(b) Open the shut-off valve in pressure release circuit. (This valve must be closed in
other situations.)
(c) Set input switches in ON position and press limit switches in electrical circuit to
release the remaining pressure in hydraulic circuit.
3
Ex.1 Series Circuit
OBJECTIVE
To learn the effect and operation of hydraulic cylinders being connected in series.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1. Hydraulic Workbench UH-001 1
2. Hydraulic Power Unit UH-101 1
3. Pressure Distributor UH-801 1
4. Return Distributor UH-803 1
5. Pressure Gauge UH-111 1
6. Pressure Relief Valve UH-701 1
7. Double-Acting Hydraulic Cylinder UH-201 1
8. Differential Hydraulic Cylinder UH-203 1
9. 4/3-Way Double-Solenoid Valve UH-419 1
11. Pilot-Operated Check Valve UH-603 1
12. Shut-Off Valve UH-809 1
13. 3-Way Distributor UH-805 3
14. Hose, 1M UH-814 10
15. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 3
16. Limit Switch (Left) UE-907-L 1
17. Limit Switch (Right) UE-907-R 1
18. Connecting Lead Set UE-501 1
19. PLC Trainer PLC-200 1
DISCUSSION
When solenoid valves are used for series control, it is using the tandem center spool
to achieve that aim.
Apart from using the directional control valve with tandem center spool to achieve
series control, actuators connected in series can also be used to achieve series
control. Such as:
4
1. Two hydraulic cylinders connected in series are able to work synchronously.
(Double rod hydraulic cylinder is used for precision control.)
2. Two hydraulic motors connected in series are able to rotate at the same
speed.
In order to work synchronously, not only the requirement on precision of components,

but also other conditions that are not too much variation.
Figure 1-1 shows the Ladder program for series control of two cylinders.
Figure 1-1 Ladder diagram of Project 1 (Ex.1.mwp)
See the Ladder program shown in Figure 1-1 and the pneumatic circuit shown in
Figure 1-2.
5
Initiation: Initially the cylinder cam A contacts with the limit switch I1.0 and the
cylinder B is in the position of full retraction.
Network 1: Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 to energize relay M0.1,
the holding contact M0.1 closes.
When relay M0.2 de-energizes, relay M0.1 is de-energized.
Set input switch I0.1 in ON position while the cylinders are extending
de-energizes relay M0.1, solenoids Q0.1 and Q0.2, so the cylinders
stop immediately.
Network 2: When relay M0.1 energizes, solenoids Q0.1 and Q0.2 are energized.
Both double-solenoid valves 3 and 7 shift to the position for cylinder
extension (no pilot pressure applied to the pilot-operated check valve
6), cylinders A and B extend.
When relay M0.1 de-energizes, solenoid Q0.1 and Q0.2 are
de-energized at the same time.
Network 3: When the cylinder cam A strikes the limit switch I1.2, relay M0.2 and
solenoid Q0.0 are energized. The double-solenoid valve 3 shifts to the
position for cylinder retraction while the double-solenoid valve 7
returns to the center position (the pilot-operated check valve 6 closes),
cylinders retract.
When cylinder A strikes the limit switch I1.0, N.C. contact I1.0 opened,
relay M0.2 and solenoid Q0.0 are de-energized.
Network 4: As the cylinder B retracts to the position of full retraction, the cylinder A
will stop at the midway of its travel. At this time set input switch I0.2 in
ON position to energize solenoid Q0.3, applying the pilot pressure to
open the pilot-operated check valve 6. The cylinder A continues to
retract and strikes the limit switch I1.0
The timing diagram is shown below.
6
Timing diagram of the circuits shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2
7
PROCEDURE
1. On the PLC Trainer, with power off, place all Enable switches SW2-SW8 in
OFF position. Set input switches I0.0-I1.5 to OFF and set Thumbwheel
Switches to 0000. Connect the Port 0 of PLC Trainer to the USB port on your
PC via the USB/PPI cable.
2. Start the STEP 7-MicroWIN.
3. Create a new project by selecting the File >> New menu command. Complete
the ladder diagram of Project 1 as shown in Figure 1-1.
4. Turn power on.
5. Download Project 1 to PLC unit by selecting the File >> Download menu
command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.
6. Run the ladder program by selecting the PLC >> Run menu command or
clicking the icon in Toolbar.
7. On the working board, assemble the hydraulic circuit as shown in Figure 1-2.
8. Connect the electrical circuit by referring to the actual wiring diagram shown in
Figure 1-3.
9. Close the shut-off valve 10 and the pressure relief valve 8.
10. Turn on the hydraulic power unit.
11. Adjust the pressure relief valve 2 in the hydraulic power unit to set the system
pressure (gauge 1) at 35 kg/cm2. If there is oil leak, turn off hydraulic power unit
immediately, release pressure in circuit and check if the circuit is correct.
12. Adjust the pressure relief valve 8 to read 30 kg/cm2 on pressure gauge 9.
13. Place Enable switches SW5 and SW6 in ON position.
14. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. The hydraulic cylinders A and B
should extend and then retract when the cylinder cam A strikes the limit switch
I1.2.
15. When the cylinder B reaches the end of its retraction travel, set input switch
I0.2 to ON. The cylinder A should retract fully and stop.
16. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 to start the cycle again. Set input
switch I0.1 in ON position while cylinders are extending, cylinders should stop
immediately.
17. Turn off the hydraulic power unit. Open the shut-off valve 10 to release
pressure in circuit.
8
18. Set input switches in ON position and press limit switches to release the
remaining pressure in circuit.
19. Turn off the power of PLC Trainer, disconnect circuits, clean and return all
equipment.
CONCLUSION
Hydraulic power unit provides oil flow from the 4/3-way double-solenoid valve with
tandem center spool into the circuit with two series hydraulic cylinders. These two
hydraulic cylinders move synchronously by electrical control. It is a single cycle
control circuit by using of limit switches as position feedback signals.
Since the two cylinders are not the same type, the solenoid Q0.3 should be
energized to open the pilot operated check valve for cylinder A full retraction during
cylinder retraction. Precise volume hydraulic cylinders should be used, and same
precision and design conditions need to be applied for achieving the purpose of
synchronous control.
9
Figure 1-2 Hydraulic circuit
10
Figure 1-3 Actual wiring diagram
11
Ex.2 Parallel Circuit
OBJECTIVE
To learn the effect and operation of solenoid valves in parallel control.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
13. Hose, 1M UH-814 10
14. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 3
DISCUSSION
A parallel control circuit makes use of a single pressure power unit to provide
hydraulic energy for the working of two actuators, through two solenoid valves
connected in parallel.
Alternatively, a parallel control circuit makes use of a single pressure power unit to
provide hydraulic energy for the working of two actuators, through a flow dividing
valve and two solenoid valves connected in parallel.
12
Figure 2-2.
Initiation: The cylinder cams A and B contact with the limit switches I1.0 and I1.4,
respectively.
Network 1: pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 energizes relay
M0.1, the holding contact M0.1 closes, solenoids Q0.1 and Q0.3 are
energized. Both double-solenoid valves 3 and 6 shift to the position for
cylinder extension, cylinders A and B extend simultaneously.
Relay M0.1, solenoids Q0.1 and Q0.3 are de-energized when cylinder
cams A and B don’t contact with the limit switches I1.0 and I1.4.
Set input switch I0.1 to ON while the cylinders are extending
de-energizes relay M0.1, solenoids Q0.1 and Q0.3, so the cylinders
stop immediately.
Network 2: When the cylinder cam A strikes the limit switch I1.2 and the cylinder
cam B strikes the limit switch I1.3, relay M0.2 and solenoids Q0.0 and
Q0.2 are energized. The double-solenoid valves 3 and 6 shift to the
position for cylinder retraction, cylinders A and B retract
simultaneously.
13
When the cylinder cam B strikes the limit switch I1.4, relay M0.2 and
solenoids Q0.0 and Q0.2 are de-energized, so the cylinders stops.
14
PROCEDURE
4. Turn power on.
Figure 2-3.
9. Close the shut-off valve 9.
10. Close the pressure relief valve 7 fully
15. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. Observe the movement of the
hydraulic cylinders A and B. The cylinders A and B should extend and then
retract when the cylinder cams strike I1.2 and I1.3. The cylinders A and B stop
when the cylinder cam B strikes the limit switch I1.4.
16. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 again and set input switch I0.1 to
ON while the cylinders are extending, observe the movement of the hydraulic
cylinders A and B. The cylinders A and B should stop immediately.
17. Turn off the hydraulic power unit. Open the shut-off valve 9 to release pressure
in circuit.
15
18. Set the input switches to ON and press limit switches to release the remaining
equipment.
CONCLUSION
Using the same pressure source, flow is divided to one 4/3-way double-solenoid
valve with tandem center spool and one 4/3-way double-solenoid valve with closed
center spool. Each of these two valves works in parallel and controls an actuator
individually, so that a parallel control system is formed.
Four pieces of limit switches are used as signals to control a single cycle movement.
Two cylinders extend at the same time, until each of them touching the limit switch
located at the end of its extension travel. After that, they retract, until each of them
touching the limit switch located in the retraction end position. At the end, both
cylinders stop and complete a whole cycle of cylinder reciprocation.
16
17
18
Ex.3 Remote Control Circuit
OBJECTIVE
To learn the use of 2 pressure relief valves to set up 2 different pressure loops, and
the use of one high and one low pressure to conserve the power and thus keeping
the oil temperature low.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
8. 2/2-Way Single-Solenoid Valve UH-401 1
10. Hose, 1M UH-814 8
11. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 2
DISCUSSION
After the hydraulic system completes a single cycle and comes to a stop, the high
system pressure is maintained. Use another pressure relief valve to unload so as to
conserve energy and prevent the oil temperature from rising easily.
19
Figure 3-2.
Initiation: The cylinder cam A contacts with the limit switch I1.0.
Network 1: Set input switch I0.5 to ON. Then pull down and release input switch
I0.0 to energize relay M0.1, the holding contact M0.1 closes and
solenoid Q0.0 is energized. The double-solenoid valve 5 shifts to the
position for cylinder extension, therefore the cylinder A extends.
When the cylinder cam A strikes the limit switch I1.2, relay M0.2 and
solenoid Q0.1 are energized, whereas the M0.1 and solenoid Q0.0 are
de-energized, the double-solenoid valve 5 shifts to the position for
cylinder retraction, thus the cylinder A retracts.
When the cylinder cam A strikes the limit switch I1.0, relay M0.2 and
solenoid Q0.1 are de-energized, solenoid Q0.2 is energized. The
double-solenoid valve 5 returns to center position and the cylinder
stops. Meanwhile the single-solenoid valve 3 shifts to the opened
position and keeps at low system pressure determined by the pressure
setting of the pressure relief valve 4.
Set input switch I0.1 to ON while the cylinder is extending to
de-energize relay M0.1 and solenoid Q0.0, the double-solenoid valve
returns to center position and the cylinder stops. Set input switch I0.5
to OFF while the cylinder is in retracted position to de-energize the
solenoid C, high system pressure is therefore recovered.
20
21
PROCEDURE
4. Turn power on.
Figure 3-3.
11. Place Enable switch SW5 and SW6 in ON position.
12. Set input switch I0.5 to ON.
13. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. Observe the movement of the
hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder should extend and retract when it strikes the
limit switch I1.2. Finally the cylinder should stop.
15. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 to start the cycle of cylinder
reciprocation. While the cylinder is extending Pulling down and releasing input
switch I0.1, the cylinder should stop immediately.
16. Set input switch I0.5 to OFF and observe the pressure reading on gauge 1. It
should be the system pressure 35 kg/cm2.
17. Turn off the hydraulic power unit. Open the shut-off valve in pressure release
circuit to release pressure in circuit.
22
18. Set the input switches in ON position to release the remaining pressure in the
system.
equipment.
CONCLUSION
When actuator stops, remotely control the pressure relief valve to unload under low
pressure, so as to prevent energy loss. When actuator moves, control a safety load
and provide a required pressure for actuator’s movement, by using the pressure
relief valve. When the actuator is lightly loaded, secondary pressure can be used to
remotely control the actuator.
23
24
25
Ex.4 Sequence Control Circuit (1)
OBJECTIVE
To learn the loaded circuit with 2 hydraulic cylinders; the advance process uses
hydraulic sequence valve for sequential movements; in the reverse process, the
return oil will flow through the check valve to become free oil. At this time, both
hydraulic cylinders can be activated together.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
8. Sequence Valve UH-723 1
9. Check Valve UH-601 1
12. Hose, 1M UH-814 10
13. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 3
26
DISCUSSION
The advance process uses hydraulic sequence valve for sequential control, the
reverse process uses electrical signals from limit switches to control.
When the quite different loads between two hydraulic cylinders are used in the same
hydraulic circuit, the one with the smaller load will activate first. The sequence valve
can be used as a minimum pressure guaranteed circuit: a certain pressure in the
primary side can be always maintained even when the hydraulic cylinder is working.
The sequence valve opens when the primary pressure is greater than the setting
pressure.
Figure 4-2.
27
respectively.
Network 1: Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 energizes relay M0.1, the
holding contact M0.1 closes.
Set input switch I0.1 to ON while the cylinders are retracting
de-energizes relay M0.1, the double-solenoid valve will return to center
position when cylinders strike limit switches I1.0 and I1.4. The
cylinders stop.
Network 2: When the relay M0.1 energizes, the N.O. contact M0.1 is closed,
solenoid Q0.0 is energized. The double-solenoid valve shifts to the
position for cylinder extension, cylinder A extends to the end of its
travel.
When relay M0.2 energizes, N.C. contact M0.2 is opened, solenoid
Q0.0 is de-energized.
Network 3: When the primary pressure of the sequence valve increases to the
pressure setting, the sequence valve opens and then the cylinder B
extends.
When the cylinder cam B strikes the limit switch I1.3, relay M0.2 and
solenoid Q0.1 are energized, the double-solenoid valve shifts to the
position for cylinder retraction, cylinders A and B retract
simultaneously.
When relay M0.3 energizes, N.C. contact M0.3 is opened, relay M0.2
and solenoid Q0.1 are de-energized. Solenoid Q0.0 is energized again,
this cycle of reciprocation repeats.
Network 4: When cylinder cams strike limit switches I1.0 and I1.4, relay M0.3 is
energized.
28
29
PROCEDURE
4. Turn power on.
Figure 4-3.
9. Close the shut-off valve 7.
10. Close the sequence valve 6 by turning the knob on it fully CW.
13. Place Enable switch SW5 in ON position.
14. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. The cylinder A extends and
strikes I1.2 while the cylinder B remains stationary. Adjust the sequence valve
6 until the cylinder B extends. When it strikes I1.3, cylinders A and B will retract
at the same time. When striking I1.0 and I1.4, the cylinder reciprocation will
continue.
15. Set input switch I0.1 to ON while the cylinders are retracting. The cylinders
should retract fully and then stop.
16. Turn off the hydraulic power unit. Open the shut-off valve 7 to release pressure
in circuit.
30
17. Set input switches to ON and press limit switches to release the remaining
equipment.
CONCLUSION
The sequence valve is a normally open valve, and no oil can flow through when it is
closed. The setting pressure of a sequence valve should be adjusted to be lower
than the main pressure that is set by pressure relief valve.
The check valve connected in parallel with the sequence value provides a path for
cylinder B extraction.
31
32
33
Ex.5 Sequence Control Circuit (2)
OBJECTIVE
To learn the circuit that uses a clamping cylinder to fix an object, and another
hydraulic cylinder to apply additional pressure on that object.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
10. 4/2-Way Single-Solenoid Valve UH-405 1
11. Sequence Valve UH-723 1
12. Check Valve UH-601 2
14. Hose, 1M UH-814 10
15. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 5
34
DISCUSSION
Hydraulic sequence valves and limit switches can be used together to allow a
hydraulic cylinder clamp on an object to be processed, and another hydraulic
cylinder to apply additional force on the part sequentially. After a while, both
hydraulic cylinders move away from the processed object.
In such a circuit, the check valve is usually added to prevent a normal clamp from
coming loose when at stop state, as well as to prevent sudden loosening of the
clamp when the sequence valve is working.
Ladder Symbol I/O Data Type Valid Operands

IN Boolean I, Q, V, M, SM, S, T, C, L, Power Flow
PT Integer IW, QW, VW, MW, SMW, SW, LW,

AIW, T, C, AC, *VD, *LD, *AC,
Constant
On-Delay and Retentive On-Delay Timers

The On-Delay Timer (TON) and Retentive On-Delay Timer (TONR) instructions
count time when the enabling input (IN) is on. The timer number (Txx) determines
the resolution of the timer, and the resolution (yy ms) is also shown in the instruction
box.
Off-Delay Timer
The Off-Delay Timer (TOF) is used to delay turning an output off for a fixed period of
time after the input turns off. The timer number (Txx) determines the resolution of
the timer, and the resolution (yy ms) is also shown in the instruction box.
As shown in Table 5-1, the three types of timers perform different types of timing
tasks:
1. You can use a TON for timing a single interval.
2. You can use a TONR for accumulating a number of timed intervals.
35
3. You can use a TOF for extending time past an off (or false) condition, such as for
cooling a motor after it is turned off.
Table 5-1 Operations of the Timer instructions
Type Current>=Preset Enabling Input (IN) Power Cycle/First Scan
TON Timer bit on ON: Current value counts time Timer bit off
Current continues OFF: Timer bit off, current value = 0 Current value = 0
counting to 32,767
TONR Timer bit on ON: Current value counts time Timer bit off
Current continues OFF: Timer bit and current value Current value can be
counting to 32,767 maintain last state maintained*
TOF Timer bit off ON: Timer bit on, current value = 0 Timer bit off
Current = Preset, OFF: Timer counts after on-to-off Current value = 0
stops counting transition
* The retentive timer current value can be selected for retention through a power cycle.
The TON and TONR instructions count time when the enabling input is on. When
the current value is equal to or greater than the preset time, the timer bit is on.
1. The current value of a TON timer is cleared when the enabling input is off,
whereas the current value of the TONR timer is maintained when the input is off.
2. You can use the TONR timer to accumulate time when the input turns on and off.
Use the Reset instruction (R) to clear the current value of the TONR.
3. Both the TON and the TONR timers continue counting after the preset is
reached, and they stop counting at the maximum value of 32,767.
The TOF instruction is used to delay turning an output off for a fixed period of time
after the input turns off. When the enabling input turns on, the timer bit turns on
immediately, and the current value is set to 0. When the input turns off, the timer
counts until the elapsed time reaches the preset time.
1. When the preset is reached, the timer bit turns off and the current value stops
incrementing; however, if the input turns on again before the TOF reaches the
preset value, the timer bit remains on.
2. The enabling input must make an on-to-off transition for the TOF to begin
counting time intervals.
36
3. If the TOF timer is inside an SCR region and the SCR region is inactive, then the
current value is set to 0, the timer bit is turned off, and the current value does not
increment.
Resolutions of Timers
Timers count time intervals. The resolution (or time base) of the timer determines
the amount of time in each interval. For example, a TON with a resolution of 10 ms
counts the number of 10-ms intervals that elapse after the TON is enabled: a count
of 50 on a 10-ms timer represents 500 ms. The SIMATIC timers are available in
three resolutions: 1 ms, 10 ms, and 100 ms. As shown in Table 5-2, the timer
number determines the resolution of the timer.
Table 5-2 CPU 224 Timer numbers and resolutions

Timer Type Resolution Maximum Value Timer Number
1 ms 32.767 sec (0.546 min.) T0, T64
TONR 10 ms 327.67 sec (5.46 min.) T1 to T4, T65 to T68
100 ms 3276.7 sec (54.6 min.) T5 to T31, T69 to T95
1 ms 32.767 sec (0.546 min.) T32, T96
TON, TOF 10 ms 327.67 sec (5.46 min.) T33 to T36, T97 to T100
100 ms 3276.7 sec (54.6 min.) T37 to T63, T101 to T255
Notes:
1. You cannot share the same timer number (Txx) for an off-delay timer (TOF) and
an on-delay timer (TON). For example, you cannot have both a TON T32 and a
TOF T32.
2. To guarantee that the output of a self-resetting timer is turned on for one scan
each time the timer reaches the preset value, use a normally closed contact
instead of the timer bit as the enabling input to the timer.
3. To guarantee a minimum time interval, increase the preset value (PV) by 1. For
example, to ensure a minimum timed interval of at least 2100 ms for a 100-ms
timer, set the PV to 22.
37
Figure 5-2.
respectively.
Network 1: Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0 energizes relay M0.1, the
holding contact M0.1 closes, solenoids Q0.0 and Q0.2 are energized.
The single-solenoid valve 7 and the double-solenoid valve 4 shift to the
position for cylinder extension, cylinder B extends to the end of its
travel.
When relay M0.2 energizes, the N.C. contact opened, relay M0.1 and
solenoids Q0.0 and Q0.2 are de-energized
Network 2: When the primary pressure of the sequence valve increases to the
38
pressure setting, the sequence valve opens. And then the cylinder A
extends. When the cylinder cam strikes the limit switch I1.2, On-Delay
timer T33 activates. After a delay of preset time, the N.O. contact T33
closes.
Network 3: When the N.O. contact T33 closes, relay M0.2 and solenoid Q0.1 are
energized. The single-solenoid valve 7 and the double-solenoid valve
4 shift to the position for cylinder retraction, cylinders A and B retract.
At the same time the On-Delay timer deactivates.
When the cylinder cams strike the limit switches I1.0 and I1.4, relay
M0.2 and solenoid Q0.1 are de-energized, the cylinders thus stop.
39
40
PROCEDURE
4. Turn power on.
Figure 5-3.
9. Close the sequence valve 3 fully.
14. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. The cylinder B extends while the
cylinder A remains stationary.
15. When the cylinder B arrives at the end of its travel, adjust the sequence valve 3
until the cylinder A extends. When the cylinder cam A strikes I1.2, cylinders A
and B become stationary.
16. After 10 seconds, cylinders retract together and stop when they strike I1.0 and
I1.4 respectively.
17. Practice a variety of preset time settings.
18. Turn off the hydraulic power unit. Open the shut-off valve in pressure release
circuit to release pressure in circuit.
41
19. Set input switches to ON and press limit switches to release the remaining
equipment.
CONCLUSION
When the 2 hydraulic cylinders are started, the hydraulic sequence valve controls
the sequence of the movements. In the backward process, limit switches are used
as signals for simultaneous action (time can be delayed at the end of the backward
process).
The check valve in the circuit is used to prevent another hydraulic cylinder from
sloppy effect when the sequence valve is activated.
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44
Ex.6 Cushion Control Circuit
OBJECTIVE
To learn the hydraulic cushion control circuit used to prevent an upside-down
hydraulic cylinder from exceeding the controlled speed when making an extension.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
8. Counterbalance Valve UH-733 1
10. Hose, 1M UH-814 7
11. Hose, 1.5M UH-815 2
12. Reed Switch UE-911 2
DISCUSSION
When hydraulic cylinders are placed upside down, free falling is probably happened.
In order to prevent danger during emergency descent, some valves should be
installed in the system to provide a back pressure, so as to reduce the speed of
descent. Such valves are able:
1. To control flow (used to control flow meter-out).
2. To build up the back pressure
3. To play back pressure function as the combination of check valve and
counterbalance valve.
45
Figure 6-2.
Network 1: When the input switches I0.5 and I0.6 are placed in OFF position and
the cylinder is in full retraction (I1.1 is on), pulling down and releasing
input switch I0.0 energizes relay M0.1 and solenoid Q0.1, the holding
contact M0.1 closes. The double-solenoid valve shifts to the position
for cylinder extension and the cylinder extends slowly. When the
primary pressure of the counterbalance valve increases to the setting
pressure, the counterbalance opens.
When relay M0.2 energizes, the N.C. contact M0.2 opened, relay M0.1
and solenoid Q0.1 are de-energized.
If the input switch I0.5 is placed in ON position, the cylinder extends
automatically.
Network 2: When the cylinder is in the extended position (I1.0 is on), pulling down
and releasing input switch I0.1 energizes relay M0.2 and solenoid Q0.0,
the holding contact M0.2 closes. The double-solenoid valve shifts to
the position for cylinder retraction and the cylinder retracts rapidly.
46
If the input switch I0.6 is placed in ON position, the cylinder retracts
automatically.
47
PROCEDURE
4. Turn power on.
Figure 6-3.
11. Close the counterbalance valve 6 by turning the knob on it fully CW.
12. Place Enable switch SW5 in ON position.
13. Place input switches I0.5 and I0.6 in OFF position.
14. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.0. The cylinder should descend. At
the same time, adjust the counterbalance valve 5 to read 30 kg/cm2 on
pressure gauge 6 to make the cylinder descend slowly.
15. Pulling down and releasing input switch I0.1 when the cylinder is full descent
(I1.0 is on). The hydraulic cylinder should ascend rapidly and then stop.
16. Place input switches I0.5 and I0.6 in ON position. The cylinder should perform
continuous reciprocation automatically
17. Practice a variety of cylinder descent speeds.
18. Turn off the hydraulic power unit and release the remaining pressure in circuit.
48
equipment.
CONCLUSION
In this upside-down loading hydraulic circuit, there is no block for the flow released
from cylinder during its ascent. In another way, the flow is controlled by the pressure
relief valve for its decent, so as to reduce the cylinder descent speed.
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Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits

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Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits

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Equipment List of Basic Electro-Hydraulic Control Circuits

UH-111 Pressure Gauge 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

UH-211 Hydraulic Motor 1 1

UH-601 Check Valve 1 2 1 1 4 4

UH-723 Sequence Valve 1 1 1

UH-805 3-Way Distributor 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 4

UH-807 4-Way Distributor 3 1 3

UH-809 Shut-Off Valve 1 1 1 1 1 1

UH-815 Hose, 1.5M 3 3 2 3 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 5

UH-821 Pressure Switch 1 1

UE-911 Reed Switch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

PLC-200 PLC Trainer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

To release pressure in circuit, follow the steps:

In order to work synchronously, not only the requirement on precision of components,

Figure 1-1 Ladder diagram of Project 1 (Ex.1.mwp)

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

Figure 4-1 Ladder diagram of Project 1 (Ex.4.mwp)

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

Ladder Symbol I/O Data Type Valid Operands

PT Integer IW, QW, VW, MW, SMW, SW, LW,

On-Delay and Retentive On-Delay Timers

Table 5-2 CPU 224 Timer numbers and resolutions

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

command or clicking the icon in Toolbar.

clicking the icon in Toolbar.

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