ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK

2017

NAME: TONG JING CHENG

CLASS: 5IP
I/C NO.: 001205-01-0355
TEACHER: MR LAI CHIN SIONG
SCHOOL: SMK JALAN MENGKIBOL
PART 1
How Many Calories Should You Eat on Average?
An average woman needs to eat about 2000 calories per day to
maintain, and 1500 calories to lose one pound of weight per week. An average
man needs 2500 calories to maintain, and 2000 to lose one pound of weight
per week.

However, this depends on numerous factors. These include age, height,

current weight, activity levels, metabolic health and several others.

What Are Calories?

A calorie is a unit that measures energy. Calories are usually used to
measure the energy content of foods and beverages. In order to lose weight,
you need to eat fewer calories than your body burns each day.

Eating More Protein Can Reduce Appetite, Cut Cravings by 60% and
Increase The Amount of Calories You Burn
When it comes to losing weight, protein is the king of nutrients.Adding
protein to your diet is the simplest, most effective and most delicious way to
lose weight with minimal effort.

Studies show that protein both increases your metabolic rate and helps
curb your appetite .Because protein requires energy to metabolize, a high
protein diet can increase calories burned by up to 80 to 100 calories per day .

Protein is also the most filling nutrient, by far. One study showed that
people who ate 30% of calories as protein automatically ate 441 fewer calories
per day.
 In other words, you can easily increase calories out and reduce calories
in… just by adding protein to your diet.Protein can also help fight cravings,
which are the dieter’s worst enemy.

In one study, 25% of calories as protein reduced obsessive thoughts

about food by 60% and cut the desire for late-night snacking by 50% .
If you want to lose weight, sustainably, with minimal effort, then consider
making a permanent increase in your protein intake.

Not only will it help you lose, it will also prevent or at least significantly
reduce weight regain, in case you ever decide to abandon your weight loss
efforts .

Do Some Exercise and Lift Weights

When we eat fewer calories, our bodies compensate by making us burn
less.This is why long-term calorie restriction can significantly reduce
metabolism.Not only that, but it can also lead to loss of muscle mass. Muscle is
metabolically active, so this can reduce metabolism even further.Pretty much
the only proven strategy to prevent this from happening is to exert your
muscles by lifting weights.

This has been repeatedly shown to prevent muscle loss and prevent your
metabolism from slowing down during long-term calorie restriction .Of course,
we don’t want to just lose fat… we want to make sure that what is beneath
also look good.If you can’t get to a gym, then consider doing some body weight
exercises like push ups, squats, sit ups, etc.

Doing some cardio like walking, swimming or jogging can also be

important. Not so much for weight loss, but for optimal health and general
wellbeing.Of course, exercise also has a plethora of other benefits that go way
beyond just weight loss… such as a longer life, lower risk of disease, more
energy and feeling better every day .
PART 2
NO NAME OF ST UDENT S FOOD 1 FOOD 2 FOOD 3 DRINKS 1 T OT AL CALORIES
1 GAN LING XIAN NOODLE SOUP PEPSI 370
2 KAM TING YAN PORRIDGE PEPSI 400
3 PANG WAN CHEE PORRIDGE PEPSI 400
4 WEE YIN JIE NOODLE SOUP MILO 440
5 TAN QIU SHUN NOODLE SOUP MILO 440
6 TAN HUAY SHIN NOODLE SOUP MILO 440
7 KAN LI JIE PORRIDGE MILO 470
8 ER PEI LING NOODLE SOUP FRENCH FRIES 510
9 SO CHAR WEN NASI LEMAK PEPSI 550
10 GO PO HAN NASI LEMAK PEPSI 550
11 ONG HAN BIN BEEF BURGER PEPSI 580
12 TONG JING CHENG BEEF BURGER MILO 650
13 LEE SI CHAN PORRIDGE BREAD PEPSI 660
14 SONG YU XUAN NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES 690
15 FLAVIAN NAVIN WENCESLAS NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES 690
16 SOE ZHAO HONG BEEF BURGER FRENCH FRIES 720
17 CHAI JIA CHEE BEEF BURGER FRENCH FRIES 720
18 AMBER CHONG AN QI NOODLE SOUP FRENCH FRIES MILO 730
19 CHONG XIN RONG NOODLE SOUP FRENCH FRIES MILO 730
20 YONG JIA YEN BANDUNG NOODLE MILO 770
21 KWEK ZHI YEU NASI LEMAK BREAD PEPSI 810
22 WONG YAN LING NASI LEMAK BREAD PEPSI 810
23 LIM ZHE XUAN BEEF BURGER BREAD PEPSI 840
24 LIM YOU JING BEEF BURGER BREAD PEPSI 840
25 LIN SOOK LI FRIED RICE MILO 860
26 LING AI WEN FRIED RICE MILO 860
27 CHOW JUN KIAT AARON NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES MILO 910
28 KE JUN PENG FRIED CHICKEN SET MILO 920
29 CHUNG YING YUN FRIED RICE FRENCH FRIES 930
30 ER PEI QI FRIED RICE FRENCH FRIES 930
31 AINA NAJWA BINTI NORAZRI BEEF BURGER FRENCH FRIES MILO 940
32 LIEW WEN RUI FRIED CHICKEN SET BREAD 960
33 CHYE WONG JIE NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES SAUSAGE 990
34 TEE YEU CHUN BEEF BURGER SAUSAGE FRENCH FRIES 1020
35 TAM MIN XUAN NOODLE SOUP SAUSAGE FRENCH FRIES MILO 1030
36 SIEW YONG HONG NASI LEMAK BEEF BURGER MILO 1050
37 LAI HONG YI NASI LEMAK BEEF BURGER MILO 1050
38 TAN LI JUN BANDUNG NOODLE FRENCH FRIES MILO 1060
39 SOON YEU JIN NOODLE SOUP BEEF BURGER FRENCH FRIES PEPSI 1090
40 LEONG JING FEI NASI LEMAK BREAD SAUSAGE PEPSI 1110
41 KOH CHIN YONG FRIED RICE BREAD MILO 1120
42 LOW KANG YONG FRIED CHICKEN SET BEEF BURGER 1130
43 NEO SHAO HONG FRIED CHICKEN SET BEEF BURGER 1130
44 LEE SIANG WEI FRIED CHICKEN SET BREAD MILO 1180
45 YON CHEE KIN BEEF BURGER FRENCH FRIES BREAD MILO 1200
46 CHEONG ZHAO YUAN NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES SAUSAGE MILO 1210
47 CHONG JACK YEE NASI LEMAK FRENCH FRIES SAUSAGE MILO 1210
48 LOW ZE XIAN FRIED CHICKEN SET FRENCH FRIES MILO 1210
49 ER JUN HUI FRIED CHICKEN SET SAUSAGE PEPSI 1220
50 LYE HONG WEI FRIED CHICKEN SET BEEF BURGER PEPSI 1280
PART 3

calories frequency MIDPOINT f(x)

301-400 3 350.5 1051.5
401-500 4 450.5 1802
501-600 4 550.5 2202
601-700 4 650.5 2602
701-800 5 750.5 3752.5
801-900 6 850.5 5103
901-1000 7 950.5 6653.5
1001-1100 6 1050.5 6303
1101-1200 6 1150.5 6903
1201-1300 5 1250.5 6252.5
 50 8005 42625

∑𝑓𝑥
a) i) Mean =
∑𝑓

42625
Mean =
50

Mean = 852.5
ii) Mode

The mode is 950.5.

iii) Median

cumulative
calories frequency MIDPOINT frequecy
301-400 3 350.5 3
401-500 4 450.5 7
501-600 4 550.5 11
601-700 4 650.5 15
701-800 5 750.5 20
801-900 6 850.5 26
901-1000 7 950.5 33
1001-1100 6 1050.5 39
1101-1200 6 1150.5 45
1201-1300 5 1250.5 50

Formula
𝑁
−𝐹
Median = L + ( 2𝑓 ) 𝐶
𝑚

L = lower boundary of the median class = 800.5

n= sum of frequencies = 50

F = cumulative frequency before the median class = 22

𝑓𝑚 = frequency of the median class = 3

C = size of the median class = 100

50
−20
Median = 800.5 + ( 2 6 ) 100

Median = 883.83
Ogive

1
2
× 50 = 25

Median = 880.5
iv) Variance and standard deviations

Midpoint,x frequency,f x² fx² (x-x̅ )² (x-x̅ )²× f

350.5 3 122850.3 368550.8 252004 756012
450.5 4 202950.3 811801 161604 646416
550.5 4 303050.3 1212201 91204 364816
650.5 4 423150.3 1692601 40804 163216
750.5 5 563250.3 2816251 10404 52020
850.5 6 723350.3 4340102 4 24
950.5 7 903450.3 6324152 9604 67228
1050.5 6 1103550 6621302 39204 235224
1150.5 6 1323650 7941902 88804 532824
1250.5 5 1563750 7818751 158404 792020
 50 7233003 39947613 852040 3609800

Method 1

∑𝑓𝑥 2 ∑𝑓𝑥 2
Variance = − 𝑥̅ 2 standard deviations = √ − 𝑥̅ 2
∑𝑓 ∑𝑓

39947613
Variance = 50 − 852.52 Standard deviations = √
39947613
− 852.52
50
= 72196.01
= 268.6931

Method 2

∑(x−𝑥̅ )2 𝑓 ∑(x−𝑥̅ )2 𝑓
Variance= Standard deviation = √
∑𝑓 ∑𝑓

3609800
Variance = 50 Standard deviation = √
3609800
50
= 72916
=268.6931
v) Interquartile range

Formula

1 3
𝑁−𝐹 𝑁−𝐹
𝑄1 = 𝐿 + (4 )𝑐 𝑄3 = 𝐿 + (4 )𝑐
𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑚

Median class for 𝑄1 = 601-700

𝐿 = 600.5 𝑁 = 50 𝐹 = 11 𝑓𝑚 = 4 𝑐 = 100
1
(50)−11
𝑄1 = 600.5 + (4 ) 100
4

𝑄1 = 638

Median class for 𝑄3 = 1001-1100

𝐿 = 1000.5 𝑁 = 50 𝐹 = 33 𝑓𝑚 = 6 𝑐 = 100
3
(50)−33
𝑄3 = 1000.5 + (4 ) 100
6

𝑄3 = 1075.5

Interquartile range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

Interquartile range = 1075.5-638

= 437.5
 Ogive

1 3
𝑄1 = × 50 𝑄3 = × 50
4 4
𝑄1 = 12.5 𝑄3 = 37.5

FROM
From the ogive,
𝑄1 = 640.5
𝑄3 = 1070.5

Interquartile range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

Interquartile range = 1070.5-640.5

= 430
 b) Graphs

Ogive

OGIVE
50

40
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

30

20

10

0
250.5 350.5 450.5 550.5 650.5 750.5 850.5 950.5 1,050.5 1,150.5 1,250.5
CALORIES

Histogram

HISTOGRAM
8

5
FREQUENCY

0
350.5 450.5 550.5 650.5 750.5 850.5 950.5 1050.5 1150.5 1250.5
CALORIES
 Frequency polygon

8
Frequency Polygon
7

5
FREQUENCY

0
250.5 350.5 450.5 550.5 650.5 750.5 850.5 950.5 1050.5 1150.5 1250.5 1350.5
Calories

c) The best measure of central tendency to describe the calorie intake

by the students of my school is by mean. It is because it is computed by
adding all the values in the data set divided by the number of
observations in it.
The mean uses every value in the data and hence is a good
representative of the data. The irony in this is that most of the times this
value never appears in the raw data.
Repeated samples drawn from the same population tend to have
similar means. The mean is therefore the measure of central tendency
that best resists the fluctuation between different samples.

It is closely related to standard deviation, the most common measure

of dispersion.
d) The measures of central tendency are not adequate to describe data.
Two data sets can have the same mean but they can be entirely
different. Thus to describe data, one needs to know the extent of
variability. This is given by the measures of dispersion. Range,
interquartile range, and standard deviation are the three commonly
used measures of dispersion.

Interquartile range is defined as the difference between the first and

third quartile. Hence the interquartile range describes the middle 50% of
observations. If the interquartile range is large it means that the middle
50% of observations are spaced wide apart. The important advantage of
interquartile range is that it can be used as a measure of variability if the
extreme values are not being recorded exactly as in case of open-ended
class intervals in the frequency distribution. Other advantageous feature
is that it is not affected by extreme values. The main disadvantage in
using interquartile range as a measure of dispersion is that it is not
amenable to mathematical manipulation.

Standard deviation (SD) is the most commonly used measure of

dispersion. It is a measure of spread of data about the mean. SD is the
square root of sum of squared deviation from the mean divided by the
number of observations.

The reason why SD is a very useful measure of dispersion is that, if

the observations are from a normal distribution, then 68% of
observations lie between mean ± 1 SD 95% of observations lie between
mean ± 2 SD and 99.7% of observations lie between mean ± 3 SD.

The other advantage of SD is that along with mean it can be used to

detect skewness. The disadvantage of SD is that it is an inappropriate
measure of dispersion for skewed data.
PART 4
a) Probability that a student chosen at random,

Mean = 852.5 Standard deviation = 268.6931

i) has reached more than 40% of daily energy requirements (calories)

40% of daily energy requirements = 2840 × 40%

= 1136
1136−852.5
P(X > 1136) = P ( )
268.6931
= P(Z > 1.055)
= 0.1457

ii) at least need to play football as energy consumption obtained.

510−852.5
P(X > 510) = P(Z > )
268.6931
= P (Z > -1.275)
= 1 – 0.1011
= 0.8989
FURTHER EXPLORATION
FOOD CALORIES
Chicken rice 607
Nasi lemak 390
Noodle soup 300
Sandwich 140
Fish porridge 258
Fried chicken 170
Biryani rice 384

DRINKS CALORIES
Milo 80
Milk 120
Mineral water 0
REFLECTION
In the making of this project, I have spent countless hours doing this project. I realized that
this subject is a compulsory to me. For me, succeeding in completing this project work has
been reward enough. I have learned many things while I was conducting this project. I have
deeply understand the importance of mathematics in our daily situation. Aside from that, I
learned how to cooperate together with my friends. Throughout the project, we exchanged
opinion by discussion. Furthermore, I have practiced moral values while carrying out this
project. I have practised teamwork with my classmate by sharing ideas. This project had
taught me to be responsible on the works that are given to me to be completed. This project
also made me felt more confidence to do works. I also learned to be more discipline on
time, which I was given about three weeks to complete these project and pass up to my
teacher just in time. This coursework has also taught me to be independent. Everything that
can be seen in this coursework - words, graphs, charts, and equations are genuinely drawn
and typed by myself though I had referred some sources to ensure my work is correct. I also
enjoy doing this project during my school holiday as I spend my time with friends to
complete this project and it had tighten our friendship. I love additional mathematics.

TEAMWORK is important I LOVE Additional Mathematics !!!

We must being responsible be CONFIDENT