Timbercrete Structural Design-2

Design of Timbercrete Masonry
Scope and limitations of this spreadsheet
This Microsoft Excel spreadsheet may be used by Structural Design Engineers for the design by ultimate load limit state m
subject to out-of-plane horizontal loads, in-plane horizonal loads and vertical loads.
The design is in accordance with AS 3700-2001.
The design must be carried out by qualified and experienced Structural Engineers.
The design assumptions set out herein must be verified by the Structural Engineer.
The Structural Engineer must take responsibility for:
* Verifying the suitability of the particular application,
* Obtaining accurate and representative characteristic material properties,
* Ensuring the construction complies with AS 3700-1998, including steel anchorage.
* Ensuring that the assumed support conditions are achieved, and not compromised by control joints, chases, flashing
Quasar Management Services Pty Ltd and Electronic Blueprint can not assume any responsibility for the incorrect, inappro
sheet.
To use this spreadsheet

Light green cells indicate that the user must confirm the value or input a new value at this point.
Light yellow cells indicate the results of calculations at significant stages of the process.
Yellow cells indicate the principal results of calculations at the completion of each major stage.
Turquoise cells indicate the results of design checks (OK or Problem) and factor against failure.
Purple cells indicate other important information.
Copyright
The contents of this spreadsheet are the property of Quasar Management Services Pty Ltd and may not be copied in any
coyright owner.
This information was first published by the Copyright Holder on web site www.electronicblueprint.com.au 17th Novemb
Without limiting the rights of the Copyright Holder, Timbercrete Pty Ltd and designers of Timbercrete products are granted
Vertical Loads
Vertical Loads On Masonry Walls

This spreadsheet permits the calcualtion of vertical loads on masonry walls. For Timbercrete, the building height is limited
Total factored loads F* kN/m 41

Ultimate vertical load capacity by Simplified Rules k Fo kN/m 181
Rapid Input
Height of wall H m 2.50
Length of walls supporting the load L m 1.00
Thickness of leaf tw1 mm 190
Slab area acting AS1 m2 2.50
Slab thickness tS1 mm 150
Components applying load

Roof (0,1) 1
Wall 2 (0,1) 1
Slab 1 1
Wall 1 being analysed 1
Wall 1 (Being Analysed) 1

Height of wall H m 2.50
Length of walls L m 1.00
Area of wall acting AW1 m2 2.5
Thickness of leaf 1 tw1 mm 190
Percentage solid leaf 1 % - 100%
Thickness of plaster tp mm 0
No of surfaces plastered Np 0
Block density den b kN/m3 1,000
Surface density of wall den l kN/m2 1.86
Dead load GW1 kN/m 4.7
Dead load factor 1.2
Factored dead load Fd W1 kN/m 5.6
Slab 1 0
Area acting AS1 m2 2.50
Thickness tS1 mm 150
Uniform dead load gS1 kPa 3.8
Unit dead load GS1 kN/m 9.4
Factored unit dead load G*S1 kN/m 11.7
Uniform live load qS1 kPa 1.5
Unit live load QS1 kN/m 3.8
Live load factor 1.5
Factored unit live loads Q*S1 kN/m 5.6
Total factored loads Fd S1 kN/m 17.3
Wall 2 0
Page 2
Vertical Loads
Height of walls HW2 m 2.50

Length of walls LW2 m 1.00
Area of wall acting AW2 m2
2.5
Block density den b kN/m3 1000
Dead load GW2 kN/m 4.7
Factored unit dead load Fd W2 kN/m 5.6
Total factored loads Fd kN/m 41.2
Strip Footings
Footing width w mm 450
Ultimate bearing pressure q* kPa 92
Working bearing pressure q work kPa 70
Wall 6 (0,1) 6 0
Slab 5 (0,1) 5 0
Wall 5 (0,1) 5 0
Slab 4 (0,1) 4 0
Wall 4 (0,1) 4 0
Slab 3 (0,1) 3 0
Wall 3 (0,1) 3 0
Slab 2 (0,1) 2 0
Slab 2 2
Page 3
Vertical Loads

Wall 3 3
2.5
Unit dead load GW3 kN/m 4.7
Slab 3 3
Wall 4 4
2.5
Page 4
Vertical Loads
Slab 4 4
Wall 5 5
2.5
Slab 5 5
Wall 6 6
2.5
Page 5
Vertical Loads

Roof Roof
Area of roof acting AR m2 7.00
Uniform dead load gR kPa 1.20
Unit dead load GR kN/m 8.4
Factored unit dead load G*R kN/m 10.1
Uniform live load qR kPa 0.25
Unit live load QR kN/m 1.8
Factored unit live loads Q*R kN/m 2.6
Total factored loads Fd R kN/m 12.7
Page 6
Vertical Loads
the building height is limited to two storeys.
Loads calculated below on this spreadsheet.

Eccentricity is determined by Simlified Rules.
Input the height of the wall being analysed, support to support

Input the total length of the masonry being analysed. Default is 1.0 metre.
Input thickness of the loaded leaf, 0, 90, 120, 140 or 190. Default is 190 mm.
Input the effective area of the first slab being supported. Default is related to the height of the wall.
Input the thickness of the first slab being supported. Default is 150 mm.
Type 1 if the roof is supported on the wall, otherwise 0.

Type 1 if a wall above exerts load on the wall, otherwise 0.
Type 1 if a concrete slab exerts load on the wall, otherwise 0
Input thickness of the loaded leaf, 0, 90, 120, 140 or 190. Default is 0.
Input actual percentage soild. Default for Timbercrete is 100%.
Input actual percentage soild. Default for Timbercrete is 100%.
Input actual thickness of plaster. Default for Timbercrete is 0 mm.
Input number of surfaces plastered (0, 1 or 2). Default for Timbercrete is 0.
Input density of masonry. Default for Timbercrete is 1,000 kg/m 3.
Input live load from AS 1170.1. Default for houses is 1.5 kPa.
Page 7
Vertical Loads
Input height of wall between slabs

The length of wall may depend floor area supported
Input thickness of the loaded leaf, 0, 90, 120, 140 or 190. Default is same as Wall 1.
Input thickness of the unloaded leaf, 0, 90, 120, 140 or 190. Default is 0.
This is the ultimate load on the wall being analysed
Input the footing width

This value may be used to check wall support
This value may be used to check wall support
Type 1 if member exerts load on the wall, otherwise 0

Input actual area supported

Input slab thickness
Page 8
Vertical Loads
Input live load from AS 1170.1

The length of wall may depend floo area supported
90, 110, 140 or 190

0, 90, 110, 140 or 190


90, 110, 140 or 190

0, 90, 110, 140 or 190
Page 9
Vertical Loads


90, 110, 140 or 190

0, 90, 110, 140 or 190


Page 10
Vertical Loads
90, 110, 140 or 190

0, 90, 110, 140 or 190

Input the roof dead load from AS 1170.1
Page 11
Vert Capacity Simplified Rules
Vertical Load Capacity Of Masonry Walls - Design By Simplified Rules
Ultimate vertical load capacity Fu kN/m 181

Factored total vertical loads Fd kN/m 41
Is wall capacity sufficient? OK
Extent to which wall capacity is sufficient? 4.38
Robustness height limit Hr m 6.840

Is robustness OK ? - OK
Robustness thickness tr mm 190

Wall leaf thickness t mm 190
Height of wall between supports H m 2.500
Length of wall between supports L m ###
Top support (0,1) N Top - 1
Does wall support slab? (0,1) Slab - 1
End supports (0,1,2) N End - 0
Total pier thickness / wall thickness - 0
Pier spacing (centre to centre) mm 0
Pier length along the wall mm 0
Engaged pier thickness coefficient kt - 1.00
Block strength f'uc MPa 3.0
Are units solid or hollow? (s / h) - - s
Face shell thickness ts mm 95
Block height hb 190
Block length lb 390
Percentage of cores grouted % 0%
Average web thickness mm
Number of webs per block -
Average core length mm
Average core width mm
Number of cores per 390 mm block -
Grout area Ag mm2 0
Grout cylinder strength f'c MPa
Vertical robustness factor Cv - 36
Horizontal robustness factor Ch - 36
Vertical slenderness coefficient av - 1
Horizontal slenderness coefficient ah - ###
Slenderness ratio Srs - 13.2
Reduction factor k - 0.670
Block type factor km - 1.4
Equivalent brickwork strength f'mb MPa 2.42
Mortar height hj 10
Ratio of block to joint thickness hb/hj 19.0
Block height factor kh - 1.30
Characteristic blockwork strength f'm MPa 3.15
Page 12
Bedded area Ab mm2 190000

Grout design strength f'cg MPa 3.9
Density factor kc - 1.2
Capacity reduction factor Cm - 0.45
Basic compressive capacity F0 kN/m 270
Pier spacing / Pier length - 0.00
Page 13
ls - Design By Simplified Rules
Default is a large number.

If wall has top support, type 1.
If wall supports a slab, type 1.
Input the number of vertical end supports. Default is zero.
For common engaged piers of the same units as the wall, this number will be 2.
Input the centre to centre spacing. Default (for no piers) is 0.
Input the pier length, usually the length of a masonry unit. Default (for no piers) is 0.01.
Input the coefficient from AS 3700 Table 7.2
Characteristic unconfined compressive strength of units. Default for Timbercrete is 3.0 MPa.
Under 10% cores may be consideres as solid. Default is solid.
Work size from manufacturer. For solid units, assumed to be half of the thickness.
76, 90, 119, 162 or 190
Input the block length. Default is 390 mm.
Input the percentage of plan area that is filled with grout. For fully grouted, type 100%. Default is 0%.
Input the grouted area per unit length of wall

If there is grout present, default is 12 MPa.
Default assumes 10 mm
Page 14
Vertical Load Capacity for Concentrated Loads for Masonry Walls
Wall leaf thickness t 190 mm
Engaged pier thickness tc 190 mm 190
Height of wall between supports H 2,500 mm
Length of wall L 3,000 mm 3,000
Edge clearance to bearing plate on each side c 0 mm
Bearing length of concentrated load Lds 200 mm 200
End of wall from concentrated load a1 190 mm
Is the end distance sensible? OK
Grouted = g, Solid = s, Hollow = h - h -
Length of grouted core lg 0 mm
Block strength f'uc 3 MPa
Face shell thickness ts 30 mm
Block height hb 190
Grout cylinder strength f'c 20 MPa
Block density dens 2,180 kg/m3
Bearing width of concentrated load Wds 380 mm

Effective dispersion length of load Le 2,700 mm
Grout area under concentrated load Ag s 0 mm2
Grout area at mid height Ag e 0 mm2
Bedded area under concentrated load Ab s 12,000 mm2
Bedded area at mid-height Ab e 162,000 mm2
Bearing area under concentrated load Ads 76,000 mm2
Effective dispersion area of load Ade 162,000 mm2
Block type factor km 1.6 -
Equivalent brickwork strength f'mb 2.77 MPa
Mortar height hj 10
Block height factor kh 1.30 -
Characteristic blockwork strength f'm 3.60 MPa
Grout design strength f'cg 3.9 MPa
Density factor kc 1.4 -
Capacity reduction factor Cm 0.45 -
Concentrated bearing factor kb 1.00 -
Basic compressive capacity under concentrated F0 conc 19 kN
Basic compressive capacity of wall F0 wall 263 kN
Vertical capacity under concentrated load Fcap concentrated load 19 kN/m
Vertical capacity at mid-height Fcap mid height 263 kN/m
Factored concentrated vertical loads Fd 33.0 kN/m 33.0
Is capacity sufficient under concentrated load? Problem
Is capacity sufficient at mid-height? OK
ry Walls
Unreinf masonry Lateral Cap
Unreinforced Masonry - Out-of-plane Bending Capacities
Lateral pressure w* kPa 1.00

Lateral capacity (with vertical supports) fw kPa 2.40
Is there sufficient capacity ? OK
Lateral capacity (vertical span, without vertical supports) fw kPa 1.091
Are vertical supports required? No
Permissible height for vertical bending only Hv m 2.507
Wall thickness tu mm 190
Hollow or solid units (h /s) s
Lateral modulus of rupture f'ut MPa 0.8
Percentage solid % 100%
Height of unit hu mm 190
Length of unit lu mm 390
Length of opening Lo m 0
Length to opening Lt m 1E+12
Length L m 3.000
Height H m 2.400
End supports ES 1 or 2 1
Top support TS 0 or 1 1
Load bearing LB 0 or 1 1
Restraint factor end 1 Rf1 0 or 1 0
Restraint factor end 2 Rf2 0 or 1 0
Additional load applied at top of wall P kN/m 0
Capacity reduction factor f - 0.6
Bond strength f'mt MPa 0.2
Wall density dens kg/m3 1,000
Permissable robustness height Hr m 10.01
Is height less than robustness limit? OK
Vertical robustness coefficient Cv - 36
Horizontal robustness coefficient Ch - 12
Torsion strength f't MPa 1.01
Vertical stress fd MPa 0.0106
Joint thickness tj mm 10
G - 1.00
A - 566
B - 141
C - 140
Torsion modulus Zt mm3 3,096
(B>tu) Zt mm 3
3,331
(B<tu) Zt mm 3
3,096
Zt mm 3
6,657
Page 17
Bending modulus Zb mm3/m 6,016,667

Vertical bending capacity Mcv kN.m horiz 0.786
Horizontal bending (flexure) capacity Mch kN.m vert 1.675
Horizontal bending (torsion) capacity Mcd kN.m vert 1.87
Cv - 36
Ch - 12
Design length Ld m 3.00

Design height Hd m 1.20
Slope factor alpha - 2.50
Check? 0
Opening Vertical Slope Aspect

edges factor factor
supporte alpha af
No 2 6.00
No 2 2.88
No 1 6.00
No 1 2.88
Yes 2 6.00
Yes 2 2.88
k1
-1.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
k2
5.00
2.00
5.00
2.00
2.53
2.00
w
9.11
2.40
12.46
2.40
6.29
2.40
9.11
2.40
12.46
2.40
0.00
0.00
Page 18
0.00
2.40
0.00
2.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.40
0.00
0.00
Page 19
1.000
190 Input the wall thickness in mm.

Input "h" for hollow or "s" for solid. For Timbercrete, default is solid.
Input face shell thickness if default is not approptiate.
Default value given in AS 3700 is 0.8 MPa
Input % solid, if default is not approptiate.
76, 90, 119, 162 or 190
230, 290 or 390
Set to zero if no opening is present
Set to a high number if no opening is present
3.000 Set to a high number if opening is present
2.400
1 If there is an opening, End support = 2
1
1
0 for no restraint, 1 for full restraint
0 for no restraint, 1 for full restraint
Default value given in AS 3700 is 0.2 MPa

Input masonry density. For Timbercrete, default is 1,000 kg/m 3.
Page 20
In-plane Shear of Unreinforced Masonry Bounded by Reinforced Concrete
Combined wall/column maximum shear capacity fV 35.8 kN
Combined wall/column maximum shear capacity fV 11.9 kN/m
Combined wall/column maximum shear capacity fw 39.8 kPa
Width of building applying racking load B 3,000 mm 3,000

Height of wall H 3,000 mm 3,000
Length of wall including columns L 3,000 mm 3,000
Is wall part of a system of walls supporting a concrete slab? (y/n) n n
Is longitudinal overturning prevented? (y/n) y y
Externally applied vertical load P ext 0.0 kN 0.0
Is wall supported on a concrete slab, dpc, steel or similar? y
Unreinforced Masonry
Masonry shear bond strength fvr 0 MPa
Shear factor kv 0.3 -
Wall thickness D 190 mm 190
Is unit cored or hollow? (c/h) c
Is the wall bearing on a concrete or steel support? y
Percentage solid 100%
Combined bedded and grout area per metre Adw 190 mm2/m
Capacity reduction factor f 0.6 -
Factor against overturning f overturn 0.8 -
Self weight P self 54.9 kN
Total vertical load P 54.9 kN
Wall shear capacity V mas cap 16.5 kN
Overturning shear capacity V overturn cap 21.9 kN
Unreinforced masonry maximum shear capacity V min cap 16.5 kN
Reinforced Columns
Height of column/shear wall H 3000 mm
Length of wall or effective depth of column L 165 mm 165
Wall thickness D 190 mm
Capacity reduction factor f reinf 0.75 -
Steel fsy 500 MPa
No vert bars in each core N vert 1 -
Diameter vertical bars dia vert 12 mm
Masonry confined strength fvr 0.35 MPa
Number of columns contributing to capacity N 2
Area of one vertical bar Asv 1 110 mm2
Total area vertical bars (effective area of vert bars) Asv 110 mm2
Shear area 31,350 mm2
Column shear capacity of one column f V col 9.7 kN
Total column shear capacity f V t col 19.3 kN
forced Concrete Columns
In-plane Shear of Reinforced Masonry
Important Note: This spreadsheet can only be used for Hollow Blocks.
Maximum shear capacity fV kN 39.5 kN

Maximum shear capacity fV kN/m 13.2
Type of wall Shear wall
Number of courses in wall Ncourses 14
Height of each course Hcourse 171
Height of wall H 2,400 mm
Length of wall L 3,000 mm
No of horiz grouted beams or strips N horiz grouted 6
Length end to anchorage steel l' 100 mm
Externally applied vertical load P ext 0.0 kN
Wall thickness D 150 mm
Are units solid or hollow? (s / h) - - s
Block height hb 190
Block length lb 390
Percentage of cores grouted % 0%
Average web thickness mm
Number of webs per block -
Average core length mm
Average core width mm
Number of cores per 390 mm block -
Grout area Ag mm2 0
Grout cylinder strength f'c MPa
Block density den b kN/m3 10.0
Block type factor km - 1.4
Equivalent brickwork strength f'mb MPa 2.42
Mortar height hj 21
Block height factor kh - 1.04
Characteristic blockwork strength f'm MPa 2.53
Capacity reduction factor f 0.75 -
Steel fsy 500 MPa
No vert bars in each core N vert 1 -
No vert anchorage bars N vert andchorage 1 -
Vertical reinforcement (N12, M12, N16, M16, N20, M20) Rv M12 mm
Is the horizontal reinforcement bar (b) or strip (s)? s
Strip width bs 25 mm
Strip thickness ts 0.9 mm
No horiz bars in each beam N horiz 1 -
Diameter horizontal bars dia hor 12 mm
Is the wall fully grouted? (y/n) y
Minimum number of horizontal grouted beams for shear wall 2
Minimum number of vertical grouted cores N vert grouted 3
Area of one horizontal bar or strip Ash 1 22.5 mm2
Total area of horizontal bars or strip Ash 135 mm2
Number of horizontal bars or strips crossing the crack Neff 7
Effective area horizontal bars or strip crossing crack Ash eff 157.5 mm2
Number of vertical bars or strips crossing the crack Neff 2
Area of one vertical bar Asv 1 84.3 mm2
Total area vertical bars (effective area of vert bars) Asv 168.6 mm2
Effective depth for overturning d 2900 mm
Maximum design area of tensile steel Asd 830 mm2
Area of vertical anchorage bars Asv anchorage 84.3 mm2
Proportion grouted (if not completely filled) p 1.00 -
Height ratio H/L 0.80 -
Masonry confined strength fvr 1.100 MPa
Average density of wall gwall 1,000 kg/m3
Self weight P self 5.6 kN
Total vertical load P 5.6 kN
Shear area Ad 315,000 mm2
Toe crushing factor ksw 0.993 -
Wall shear capacity fV mas cap 307.1 kN
Beam shear capacity fV beam 186.7
Overturning shear capacity fV overturn cap 39.5 kN
14
171
3,000
100
0.0
150
3.0 Characteristic unconfined compressive strength of units. Default for Timbercrete is 3.0 MPa.
s Under 10% cores may be consideres as solid. Default is solid.
Work size from manufacturer. For solid units, assumed to be half of the thickness.
76, 90, 119, 162 or 190
Input the block length. Default is 390 mm.
Input the percentage of plan area that is filled with grout. For fully grouted, type 100%. Default is 0%.
Input the grouted area per unit length of wall

If there is grout present, default is 12 MPa.
10.0
21 Default assumes 10 mm
Default is 0.75.
500 Default is 500 MPa.
1 Default is 1.
1 Default is 1.
M12 Default is N12. "N" signifies reinforcing bar. "M" signifies threaded bar.
1 Default is 1.
12 Default is 12 mm.
y Default is yes - fully grouted. THIS CAN ONLY APPLY TO HOLLOW BLOCKS.
1.00
1,000
5.6
315,000
0%. Default is 0%.
Reinforced Masonry Isolated Pier Shear Capacities
Height of pier H mm 2,400 2,400

Shear capacity of pier f V member kN 0.6
Shear capacity of section fV kN 6.2

Moment capacity of section fM kNm 1.4
Steel dia mm 12
No of tension bars Bars - 1
Block thickness mm 190 190
No of blocks deep - 1
Mortar joint thickness mm 10
Pier width B1 mm 190
Steel fsy MPa 500
Cover to steel centreline a mm 95
Effective depth d mm 95
Area of one bar As1 mm2 110
Actual area As act mm 2
110
Balanced area As bal mm 2
49
Design area Asd mm 2
49
Pier thickness t mm 190
Shear width Bw mm 190
Design width B mm 190
Capacity reduction factor f - 0.75
Masonry f'm MPa 3.60
apacities

Timbercrete Structural Design-2

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Timbercrete Structural Design-2

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Design of Timbercrete Masonry

Scope and limitations of this spreadsheet

The design is in accordance with AS 3700-2001.

The Structural Engineer must take responsibility for:

* Verifying the suitability of the particular application,

* Obtaining accurate and representative characteristic material properties,

* Ensuring the construction complies with AS 3700-1998, including steel anchorage.

To use this spreadsheet

Vertical Loads On Masonry Walls

Total factored loads F* kN/m 41

Components applying load

Wall 1 (Being Analysed) 1

Height of walls HW2 m 2.50

Total factored loads Fd kN/m 41.2

Uniform live load qS2 kPa 1.5

Factored unit dead load Fd W3 kN/m 0.0

Thickness of leaf 1 tw1 mm 190

the building height is limited to two storeys.

Loads calculated below on this spreadsheet.

Input the height of the wall being analysed, support to support

Type 1 if the roof is supported on the wall, otherwise 0.

Input height of wall between slabs

This is the ultimate load on the wall being analysed

Input the footing width

Type 1 if member exerts load on the wall, otherwise 0

Input actual area supported

Input live load from AS 1170.1

Input height of wall between slabs

90, 110, 140 or 190

Input actual area supported

Input live load from AS 1170.1

Input height of wall between slabs

90, 110, 140 or 190

Input actual area supported

Input live load from AS 1170.1

Input height of wall between slabs

90, 110, 140 or 190

Input actual area supported

Input live load from AS 1170.1

Input height of wall between slabs

90, 110, 140 or 190

Input actual area supported

Input live load from AS 1170.1

Vertical Load Capacity Of Masonry Walls - Design By Simplified Rules

Ultimate vertical load capacity Fu kN/m 181

Robustness height limit Hr m 6.840

Robustness thickness tr mm 190

Bedded area Ab mm2 190000

ls - Design By Simplified Rules

Default is a large number.

Input the grouted area per unit length of wall

Bearing width of concentrated load Wds 380 mm

Unreinforced Masonry - Out-of-plane Bending Capacities

Lateral pressure w* kPa 1.00

Bending modulus Zb mm3/m 6,016,667

Design length Ld m 3.00

Opening Vertical Slope Aspect

190 Input the wall thickness in mm.

Default value given in AS 3700 is 0.2 MPa

Width of building applying racking load B 3,000 mm 3,000

Maximum shear capacity fV kN 39.5 kN

Input the grouted area per unit length of wall

Height of pier H mm 2,400 2,400

Shear capacity of section fV kN 6.2