(04-01-2018)Introduction - Definition of Hydrology, History of Hydrology,

Branches of Hydrology, Hydrologic Cycle and the Supporting Information

for Watershed Management, Basin Characteristics, and Distribution of
Earth's Water

(08-01-2018)Water Budget and System Concept – Terrestrial and atmospheric

water balance, Energy budget, factors effecting global water cycle,
differential heating of earth surface, global circulation pattern,
hydrologic system

(10:01:2017) Watershed and its characteristics – definition and examples

of watersheds, rainfall to runoff processes, stream order, runoff
pathways, factors affecting runoff, effect of development on runoff,
agencies/organizations in India and abroad for hydrologic data

Precipitation: Formation and Measurements – definition, types and

formation of precipitation; mechanism and types of air lifting,
condensation, formation cycle of precipitation, forces on rain drop,
terminal velocity of rain drop, precipitation variations, factors
affecting the variation, Precipitation pattern in India, global, spatial
and temporal representation of precipitation, rainfall maps of India

Precipitation: Thunderstorm, Consistency of records and Missing data –

Convective lifting, ordinary cell thunderstorms, lifecycle of ordinary
cell thunderstorm – Cumulus stage, Mature Stage, Dissipating stage;
Thunderstorm cell model

Precipitation/ Rain Gauges –Non-Recording, Recording types – Standard,

Tipping bucket, Weighing gauge, Optical gauge; Gauges of the world, US,
Indian gauges (IS 5225:1992); US, Indian rain gauge network; Optimization
of raingauge network (Ref. Optimizing a Network of Raingauges over India
to Monitor Summer Monsoon Rainfall Variations by N. Singh, Intl. Journal
of Climatology, 1994), Problems with raingauge networks,
Undercatch/underestimation of precipitation using standard raingauge,
wind effect, wetting loss, evaporation loss, precipitation catch vs wind
speed, other sources of errors

Precipitation: Optimization and Adequacy of rain gauge stations, methods

for interpolation of raingauge data over a region – Arithmetic Mean
Method, Thiessen Polygon, Isohyetal Method, Inverse Distance Weighting,
GIS; Gridded data, problems with gridded data, points to be noted while
using gridded data; analysis, consistency of precipitation records,
check, Double Mass Curve; Missing data – spatial and temporal, Missing
data estimation – Nearest Neighbour Method, Inverse Weighting method

Fundamentals of Hydrometeorology – Definitions of Climatology/

Meteorology, the balance of water/energy necessary for habitation,
Weather versus climate, climatic control on water cycle

Fundamentals of Hydrometeorology – Weather versus climate, climatic

control on water cycle, components of climate system, factors affecting
climate system, climate forcing and response time, land-climate
feedbacks.

Evaporation/Evapotranspiration: process detail and estimation –

terminology/definitions – evaporation, transpiration, sublimation;
evaporation process, factors influencing evaporation

Evaporation/Evapotranspiration: process detail and estimation –

terminology/definitions – evaporation, transpiration, sublimation;
evaporation process, factors influencing evaporation- energy supply,
transport of vapour, vegetated surface, wind; potential evaporation,
transpiration; evapotranspiration – process, factors on
evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration (PET), Actual
Evapotranspiration (AET); Methods of estimating evaporation – energy
budget method, aerodynamic method, combined method.

Methods of estimating Evaporation – energy budget method – derivation

with graphics, aerodynamic method – derivation with graphics, combined
method – derivation- Penman, Priestly-Taylor method; Measurement of
evaporation- Evaporation Pan – US Weather Bureau Class A pan, Indian
Standard pan, estimation of actual evaporation using Pan Coefficient,
Sources of Evaporation data - National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) for
U.S. Weather Bureau Class A Land pans, Water Resources Information System
(WRIS) of National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO for Indian evaporation
data, derivation of evaporation map using pan evaporation data.

Methods of measuring evaporation/evapotranspitation – Pan evaporation–

Lysimeter – small grass set up, irrigated crop land set up; Atmometer or
Evaporimeter; Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Satellite.

Abstractions – Rainfall Excess, Direct Runoff, Base flow, Initial Loss,

f- index, f- index method for estimation of rainfall excess – example,
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method for estimation of rainfall excess
for different Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC), SCS Curve Number;
Interception Process, Losses due to interception, Throughfall, Stemflow,
Factors controlling interception, Estimation formula for interception –
Formula given by Subramanya (1984), by Merriam (1960); Depression
storage, Detention storage