BALITAAN, RICZEL MARIZ A.

ChE 530

BANTUGON, MICHELLE KAE CELINE JO-ANNE E.

SOLID ENVIRONMENTAL

SOLID WASTE

- means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply
treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials resulting
from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community
activities.
- can be solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material but does not include solid
or dissolved materials in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation
return flows or industrial discharges

TWO MAJOR SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE

1. Urban wastes
 Domestic wastes containing a variety of materials thrown out from homes Ex:
Food waste, Cloth, Waste paper, Glass bottles, Polythene bags, Waste metals, etc.
 Commercial wastes: It includes wastes coming out from shops, markets, hotels,
offices, institutions, etc. Ex: Waste paper, packaging material, cans, bottle,
polythene bags, etc.
 Construction wastes: It includes wastes of construction materials. Ex: Wood,
Concrete, Debris, etc.
 Biomedical wastes: It includes mostly waste organic materials Ex: Anatomical
wastes, Infectious wastes, etc.

2. Industrial wastes
The main sources of industrial wastes are chemical industries, metal and mineral
processing industries. Ex:
 Nuclear plants: It generates radioactive wastes
 Thermal power plants: It produces fly ash in large quantities
 Chemical Industries: It produces large quantities of hazardous and toxic materials.
 Other industries: Other industries produce packing materials, rubbish, organic
wastes, acid, alkali, scrap metals, rubber, plastic, paper, glass, wood, oils, etc.

WASTE MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Prevention- A Waste Minimization Approach

Generally, waste minimization techniques can be grouped into four major

categories which are applicable for hazardous as well as non-hazardous wastes. These
groups are as follows:

1. Inventory Management and Improved Operations

2. Modification of Equipment
3. Production Process Changes
4. Recycling and Reuse

CURRENT PRACTICE OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. Collection and Transport of Wastes

Manual handling of industrial waste is the usual practice in developing countries.
Personnel handling hazardous wastes should wear appropriate protective clothing.
Mechanical methods for handling waste should be adopted wherever possible, and
people should be educated about the dangers of manual handling of hazardous waste.
BALITAAN, RICZEL MARIZ A. ChE 530

BANTUGON, MICHELLE KAE CELINE JO-ANNE E.

2. Storage & Transportation

The storage of industrial solid waste is often one of the most neglected areas of
operation of a firm. Concrete bays or disused drums are also often used for storage.
Transportation of industrial waste in metropolitan areas of developing countries is
generally not by purpose-built vehicles such as skip-carrying lorries, but by open trucks.

3. Disposal of Industrial Solid Waste

It has to be accomplished without the creation of nuisance and health hazards in
order to fulfill the objectives of solid waste management program.

DISPOSAL METHODS

 Landfill
- means a disposal facility or a part of a facility where hazardous waste is placed in
or on land and is not a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment or an
injection well
 Incineration
- In this method municipal solid wastes are burnt in a furnace called incinerator.
Combustible substances and non-combustible matter are separated before
feeding to incinerators.
 Composting
- Due to lack of adequate space for landfills, biodegradable yard waste is allowed
to decompose in a medium designed for the purpose. Only biodegradable waste
materials are used in composting.
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and
treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or
trash.

“Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act”

enacted to provide a framework for managing the growing problem of solid waste in the
country. Furthermore, Republic Act 9003 gives prime importance to the roles of LGUs in
managing their respective solid wastes.

References

http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8732.html

http://moud.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/chap6.pdf

http://mppscgyan.com/solid-waste-management-causes-effects-control-measures/

http://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/kcap/activities/egm/2009/pdf/torres_en.pdf