Analog transmission

Analog transmission is a transmission

method of conveying voice, data, image,
signal or video information using a
continuous signal which varies in
amplitude, phase, or some other property
in proportion to that of a variable. It could
be the transfer of an analog source signal,
using an analog modulation method such
as frequency modulation (FM) or
amplitude modulation (AM), or no
modulation at all.

Some textbooks also consider passband

data transmission using a digital
modulation method such as ASK, PSK and
QAM, i.e. a sinewave modulated by a
digital bit-stream, as analog transmission
and as an analog signal. Others define that
as digital transmission and as a digital
signal. Baseband data transmission using
line codes, resulting in a pulse train, are
always considered as digital transmission,
although the source signal may be a
digitized analog signal.
Descriptions

Modes of transmission
Analog transmission can be conveyed in
many different fashions:

fiber-optic cable
twisted-pair or coax cable
Via air
Via water

There are two basic kinds of analog

transmission, both based on how they
modulate data to combine an input signal
with a carrier signal. Usually, this carrier
signal is a specific frequency, and data is
transmitted through its variations. The two
techniques are amplitude modulation
(AM), which varies the amplitude of the
carrier signal, and frequency modulation
(FM), which modulates the frequency of
the carrier.[1]

Types of analog
transmissions
Most analog transmissions fall into one of
several categories. Until recently, most
telephony and voice communication was
primarily analog in nature, as was most
television and radio transmission. Early
telecommunication devices utilized
analog-to-digital conversion devices called
modulator/demodulators, or modems, to
convert analog signals to digital signals
and back.

Benefits and drawbacks

The analog transmission method is still
very popular, in particular for shorter
distances, due to significantly lower costs
and complex multiplexing and timing
equipment is unnecessary, and in small
"short-haul" systems that simply do not
need multiplexed digital transmission.[2]

However, in situations where a signal often

has high signal-to-noise ratio and cannot
achieve source linearity, or in long
distance, high output systems, analog is
unattractive due to attenuation problems.
Furthermore, as digital techniques
continue to be refined, analog systems are
increasingly becoming legacy
equipment.[2]

Recently, some nations, such as the

Netherlands, have completely ceased
analog transmissions (analogue switch-
off) on certain media, such as television,[3]
for the purposes of the government saving
money.[4]

See also
 Analog television
Analog to digital converter
Modulation
Signal

References
1. The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of
Telecommunications By Allen Kent,
Froehlich E. Froehlich.1991 Marcel Dekker.
ISBN 0-8247-2900-5
2. Telecommunication System Engineering
By Roger L. Freeman.2004 John Wiley and
Sons. ISBN 0-471-45133-9
3. Netherlands Ends Analog Transmission -
Goodbye antenna, hello digital... -
dslreports.com
4.
https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/technol
ogy/AP-Netherlands-TV.html?
_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin

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