Renewable energy, as long as the fuel calorie content comes mainly from

biological materials. Currently in many industrialized countries to a lesser extent in

certain countries cities of developing countries apply policies that establish
priorities for prevention and treatment of waste.
These two phases understand prevention and preventing generation implies the
possibility of actions to reduce the volume of waste at the site / point where it is
produced. The generation phase involves three steps: Recycling, recovery and
disposal.
The recovery of organic waste at the source or point of origin allows more
desirable for immediate use thereof, apply options anaerobic digestion and
composting. Additionally it is feasible the use of technologies for converting waste
into energy, such as combustion and gasification. Also as part of the possibilities of
recovery, disposal methods are landfills that capture methane and use it to
generate electricity, as well as those landfills that simply burn methane captured.
For a view of stages and possibilities for classification and retrieval of RSU, see
schemes described in Annex No. 2 PRIORITIES FOR WASTE PREVENTION and
Annex 3 ALTERNATIVES FOR WASTE RECOVERY

While in the case of Peru the RSU have a source of lower profile (a feasible power)
for thermal generation for biomass from agriculture and forestry the need for
collection, sorting and efficient use, for the capture of methane and / or power
generation, it is a priority goal.
The efficient management of RSU generates highly beneficial externalities for
society as a result sustain feasible in terms of cost / social and private benefit.
Such management will impact on improving environmental health conditions and
therefore reducing cup of conditions / diseases caused by contamination ,, result
reflected in meno r saving or spending by the state and the private sector in health
care
On the other hand the efficient management of RSU to retrieve materials of organic
origin (paper, cardboard, wood) and non-organic (metal or plastic) for recycling,
which means to value a vast array of objects / materials and sustains the possibility
to have a sustainable manner with a source of employment or income.
With regard to urban wastewater sludge as a major source for power generation, it
is necessary to assess the availability of data depending on the volume of effluent
and feasible treatment process.
There are many technologies used in the treatment of wastewater treatment .The
generally comprises the steps of pre-treatment, primary treatment, secondary
treatment, disinfection and sludge treatment.

The most important stage of secondary treatment , by applying microorganisms

organic matter contained in wastewater are removed. This step can be carried out
aerobically and anaerobically and biomass can be suspended or attached in some
way .
The possibility for the treatment of urban waste water by aerobic or anaerobic
process , is determined according to the availability of resources for infrastructure
and operating expenses . In this regard in Peru .
The most commonly used for the treatment of urban waste water technology is
activated sludge . In this process you have a recycle stream of secondary sludge
sedimented to the bioreactor to maintain a desired concentration of biomass . From
this , the sludge may be intended for power generation or for use as a soil improver
(fertilizer ) .
5.12. Technologies - Processes

Depending on the nature, composition and humidity, fuels plant biomass, animal
and municipal solid waste can be treated in several ways: burned directly for heat,
become fuel per share of micro organisms, or treated by a joint action high
temperatures and chemical agents. This latter form / conversion gives rise to a
large number of products such as methane, gas mixtures of low and medium
calorific power, ethanol, methanol, oily substances, carbonaceous products, etc.

Energy production by thermochemical conversion of agricultural or forestry plant

products include combustion technologies, gasification for low and gases (chemical
decomposition caused by heat for products such as coal, liquid an oil.

Production of fuels derived from the biochemical conversion of plant or animal

products is performed by anaerobic digestion (action of microbes that live without
oxygen, I seek decomposing oxygenated substances) .escala application of these
processes (consider the possibilities MW to 50.0 MW) should be selected
according to the optimum thermal efficiency of corresponding and / or thermo-
electric offering the characteristics of each of these processes as possible be
installed power specifications.

To analyze the use of biomass for energy, it is important to consider three critical
aspects concerning the characteristics of the fuel and raw material treatment /
process for using it. the following criteria indicated by IRENA4 / is taken as
reference.

CHARACTERISTICS INPLICANCIA PROCESS

biomass feedstocks : These The sustainability of the source of raw material

include a variety of shapes and
have different properties
(content and primary energy ) q
affect its power generation.
biomass fuel is a key to determining the viability of
the economy and corresponding energy generation
project aspect . There is a wide range of biomass
feedstocks and of these can be classified as urban
or rural .
The conversion of biomass :
The process by which the raw
material biomass is transformed
into the form of energy used to
generate heat and electricity
A crucial element of the raw material is biomass
energy content , ash and moisture , and the
homogeneity of its grain . These features will affect
the cost of biomass fuel per unit of energy ,
transport, processing and storage pre and
Suitability for application of the different conversion
technologies .

Power generation technologies : Bioenergy can be converted into thermal energy

There is a wide range of
commercially proven technology
available power generation that
can use biomass as input fuel
through chemical processes (combustion,
gasification and pyrolysis) or bio - chemical
processes such as anaerobic digestion
pirolisis) o procesos de bio-químicos como la
digestión anaeróbica

Nota: texto tomado de Internafional Renewable Energy AgencyeIRENA Renewal

Enersw Technolcgjîes

Cost Analysis VQLI Biomas for PowerGeneration panA Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates, 2012

The reference on key aspects of the technologies in use of biomass for heat and
electricity generation, commonly used commercially available, are described in
Annex No. 6 Conversion Processes Termo Chemical and Bio - Chemical for use of
biomass for energy, contains a set of references (summary) of thermochemical
(combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) and Bio-Chemical (Anaerobic Digestion)
processes.

In addition to that indicated in the preceding paragraph, it is required to take as a

reference consultant developed for Solid Waste NAMA developed by MINAM,
which will be delivered to the consultant to consider existing technologies in this
study Study.

5.2. Scope of Consulting

5.2.1. General Objective Assessment Resource Biomass Energy
Estimate the annual volume trend of primary energy (EP) of the main types of
biomass of plant and animal feasibly be considered for use for the purposes of
energy consumption or commercial power generation
Provide information to support the possibility of expanding the sources of
commercial renewable energy, prolong the life of reserves of non-renewable
energy resources (hydrocarbons), enabling greater margin / flexibility for allocation
of Natural Gas (NG) to support the national productive diversification
(petrochemicals), increase the added value to agricultural and forestry contribute to
reducing Greenhouse Gas (GEL), incorporate technology and generate synergies
to diversify production and help increase efficiency and competitiveness in various
sectors national economic activity because of power at a lower price compared
with other renewable and nonrenewable sources. The lower price will be based on
the cost of energy supplied by primary MWth plant commissioning.