Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Module CF111 NL
08 Sep 99
1 Initials
What is Two Stage Cementing ?
• The cementing of a string of casing in two stages !!
(Using a stage collar)
2 Initials
What is Two Stage Cementing ?
• The cementing of a string of casing in two stages !!
(Using a stage collar)
SECOND STAGE
STAGE COLLAR
FLOAT COLLAR
FIRST
STAGE
FLOAT SHOE
3 Initials
Why Two Stage Cementing ?
• Reduce Hydrostatic
• Lost Circulation Zone or Low Frac Gradient
• Cement very long intervals (time / volume limitations)
• TT or Logistics problem
• Reduce use of expensive slurries due to special well
problems:
• Salt Zone
• Gas Zone
• Economy
• Incomplete fill up
• Ensure part of annulus is free of cement
4 Initials
Alternatives
• Use of lightweight slurries
– Foam Cement
– Litefil
SHEAR
PINS
Running in Position
7 Initials
Stage Collar
SHEAR
PINS
OPENING
BOMB
8 Initials
Stage Collar
CLOSING
PLUG
SHEAR
PINS
OPENING OPENING
BOMB BOMB
9 Initials
Stage Collar Does Not Open !
• Possible Solutions :
• Wait: Bomb may not have arrived yet.
• Increase Pump Pressure.
• NOTE: Max P. or Burst P. of casing.
• Run D.P. in the hole and try to open mechanically (e.g.
weight).
• Perforate above collar and cement.
• NOTE: Might perforate through 2 casing.
No mechanical closing.
10 Initials
Where to place 2 Stage Collar
• Problem Formation
Lost circulation, Salt zone, etc.
11 Initials
Where to place 2 Stage Collar
• Problem Formation
Lost circulation, Salt zone, etc.
PROBLEM FORMATION
12 Initials
Collar Inside Previous Casing
• Many clients insist on this .....
13 Initials
Collar Inside Previous Casing
• Many clients insist on this .....
STAGE COLLAR
14 Initials
Collar Inside Previous Casing
• Many clients insist on this ..... STAGE COLLAR
• Why ?
To avoid “jetting” effect on the formation while circulating/cementing
To ensure that if the collar fails to open, at least the open hole section is
cemented
15 Initials
“To WOC or not to WOC”...That is the Question
• Guideline:
• WOC: YES !..Height of the 2nd stage slurry may
fracture the "problem formation"
• Otherwise - NO
• ALWAYS - Open collar immediately and circulate out
excess cement.
• Note: Control circulating pressures, not to fracture
any weak formations.
16 Initials
2-Stage Casing to Wall Packers
STAGE COLLAR
• Purpose
• To give an extra seal below the stage collar
• How do they function?
• As the wiper plug (first stage) seals, pressuring up
shears some pins and displacement fluid is pumped into
the packer, inflating it.
17 Initials
Some Other Points
• The stage collar is eventually drilled out leaving the
same "drift" as the rest of the casing.
• A stage collar is considered to be a "weak" point in the
casing by many clients and so avoid using them.
• 3 Stage cementing is the same as 2 stage, but with 3
Stages.
18 Initials
Job Procedure
– Pressure test lines
2-Stage
– Pump wash/spacer
– Pump slurry
– Drop "First Stage" plug
– Displace: Bump Plug - Check Returns
– Drop Bomb - Wait Allocated Time
– Pressure Up to Open Stage Collar
– Circulate (W.O.C. if Required)
– Steps [2] and [3] Again - increase slurry density at the
end
– Drop "Closing Plug"
– Displace - Close stage Collar
19 Initials
– Check Returns
2-Stage Cementing Job - Example
20 Initials
2 Stage Cement Job - Answers
• First Stage Slurry Volume:
[(6398-4265.3) x 0.3132] + [(6298-6348.8) x 0.3973]
= 687.5 ft3
• First Stage Displacement Volume:
6348.8 x 0.0708 = 449.5 bbls
• Second Stage Slurry Volume:
[(4265.3-2789) x 0.3132] + [(2789-2461) x 0.3354) = 572.4 ft3
• Second Stage Displacement Volume:
21 Initials
4265.3 x 0.0708 = 302 bbls
PROBLEM 1:
Problems
PROBLEM 2:
4100’
2400’
7100 -7250
weak formation FG: 0.6 psi/ft
5500’
salt zone salt zone
5850’ 8400 - 8450
weak formation
FG:0.68 psi/ft
TD:8400’ TD:10200’
22 Initials
Liners
• What is a Liner?
23 Initials
Liners
• Any string of casing whose top is located below the
surface, hung inside the previous casing and is run
to its setting depth by drill pipe.
CASING
SHOE
24 Initials
• Prime reason:
Why Liners ?
• Save $$
• (Cost of 1 Joint of Casing can be $3,000!)
• Cover Corroded/Damaged Casing
• Cover:
• Lost Circulation Zones.
• Shales or Plastic Formations
• Salt Zones
• Deep Wells:
• Rig Unable to Lift Long String of Casing.
25 Initials
Types of Liners
• Production:
• Most common
• Save $$
• Slotted liner
• Intermediate/drilling:
• Cover problem zone in order to be able to continue
drilling
• Tie-back/liner complement:
• From top of existing liner to surface, or further up casing
26 Initials to cover corroded or damaged zone.
Tie-Back (Liner Complement)
The integration of the liner with casing run to surface
27 Initials
Tie-Back (Liner Complement)
The integration of the liner with casing run to surface
TIE BACK
STINGER WITH
SEALS
LINER
28 Initials
Tie-Back (Liner Complement)
The integration of the liner with casing run to surface
TIE BACK
STINGER WITH
SEALS
LINER
35 Initials
LINER example: Calculations
1) Slurry Volume:
• Volume #1 = 0.0981 ft3/ft x 400’ =39.2 ft3
• Volume #2 = 0.0859 ft3/ft x 3900’ x 1.2 = 402 ft3
• Volume #3 = 0.0769 ft3/ft x 80’ = 6.2 ft3
• Total Volume = + 80 bbls = 447.4 ft3
2) Displacement:
• Drill Pipe = 0.00742 bbl/ft x 10,100’=74.9 bbls
• Liner = 0.0137 bbl/ft x 4220’ = 57.8 bbls
• Total Displacement = 132.7 bbls
• Max. overdisplacement = (80 x 0.0137) / 2 = 0.55
36 Initials bbls
Liner example: Job Proc
1) Mix Spacer and/or CW
2) Pressure test lines;
3) Batch Mix Cement Slurry;
4) Pump Wash and/or Spacer;
5) Pump 80 bbls of Slurry;
6) Drop “Pump Down” plug;
7) Displace with :
• + 74 bbls to the running tool and slow down flow rate to
• Shear “Wiper Plug” @ + 75 bbls, then
• RESET VOLUME and displace 57.8 bbls to Float Collar.
Maximum of 0.5 bbls over displacement if necessary.
8) Bump plug / Bleed off / Check for returns;
9) Release running tool;
10) Pull out up to TOC and Reverse Circulate.
37 Initials
HOMEWORK
38 Initials
Handout
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Handout
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Handout
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Handout
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Handout
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Handout
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