2017

Basic English Anthology

BASILIO SEGOVIA ISAID URIEL

ARMANDO (PODRIA PONER SU NOMBRE COMPLETO
PORFA: C)
LEVEL: ELEMENTAL
DATE: CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVOS ON JUNE 17, 2017
INDEX

INDEX................................................................................................................................................. 1
DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 4
TOPICS .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Articles .......................................................................................................................................... 5
A .................................................................................................................................................. 5
An ............................................................................................................................................... 5
The .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Pronouns ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Personal .................................................................................................................................... 6
Possessive ............................................................................................................................... 7
Objective ................................................................................................................................... 8
Possessive adjectives............................................................................................................... 9
Verb to be ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 10
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 11
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 11
There is ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 12
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 12
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 13
There are ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 13
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 14
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 14
Have ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 15
Negative ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Interrogative............................................................................................................................... 15
Have got ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Affirmative .................................................................................................................................. 16

1
 Negative ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Interrogative............................................................................................................................... 17
Can/Can’t .................................................................................................................................... 17
Affirmative .................................................................................................................................. 17
Negative ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Interrogative............................................................................................................................... 18
Cardinal number ....................................................................................................................... 19
Ordinal number ......................................................................................................................... 20
Qualitative data ......................................................................................................................... 20
Present simple .......................................................................................................................... 21
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 21
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 21
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 22
Past simple................................................................................................................................. 22
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 22
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 22
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 23
Future simple............................................................................................................................. 23
Affirmative .............................................................................................................................. 23
Negative .................................................................................................................................. 24
Interrogative........................................................................................................................... 24
CONCLUSIÓN ................................................................................................................................ 25
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 25

2
DEDICATION

“The following work is

dedicated to my family and all
those who find it useful.”

3
INTRODUCTION

The following text is a compilation of the basic knowledge that we

acquired in the basic course of English, starting from the articles to finish
with the future, which are main topics in the student's learning in the
foreign language.

English is a language we can take, as the world language, because it is

used all over the world, so we can highlight its importance of learning,
the person who knows English has the doors open in almost the whole
world.

Emphasizing again the importance of this one of this language, which is

basic or at least the basic knowledge is primordial, the anthology will
have on the present, past and future, in its interrogative, negative and
simple forms, with examples so that the Understanding is simpler, so
you see that we will talk about qualitative numbers, ordinal and cardinal
numbers, which as students already know the difference of each other.
We also have adverbs, pronouns, numbers and other sections that are
representative of Basic English.

Without saying more, start with a trip through the wonderful world of
English

4
TOPICS

Articles
Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
A / An
The indefinite article takes two forms. It’s the word a when it precedes a
word that begins with a consonant. It’s the word an when it precedes a
word that begins with a vowel. The indefinite article indicates that a noun
refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing.
Example:
a an
A good student. An ugly hotel.
A young woman. An egg.
A university An hour
A pet An apple
A door An elbow
A green onion An Indian
A cat It’s an open door
A hysterical joke Sarah has an umbrella
I have a pencil I will be home in an hour
She buys a dress He’s an honest man

Exceptions depend on pronunciation.

Example:
Hour/ - awr –
The

The definite article is the word the. It limits the meaning of a noun to one
particular thing. The definite article can be used with singular, plural, or
uncountable nouns.

5
Example:
1. The dog is black.
2. Yesterday, play the piano.
3. She took the book.
4. The cup is green.
5. They are the best.
6. The days of the week
7. The United States
8. The south of France
9. The strongest man
10. The second floor

Pronouns
A personal pronoun is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper
name of a person. Each of the English personal pronouns shows us the grammatical
person, gender, number, and case of the noun it replaces.

Personal
Personal pronouns are the double of grammar; they stand for the people (and
perhaps the animals) who are in our prayers.

Personal
I
You
He
She
It
We
They

Example:

6
 1. I run.
2. She sleep.
3. They walk.
4. You sing.
5. I am from Peru.
6. You are very kind.
7. He is my doctor.
8. She is my friend.
9. We are from Mexico.
10. You are very tall.
11. They are friends.
12. It is a glass of milk.

Possessive
Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone.
The possessive pronouns are:
Possessive Personal
My I
Your You
His He
Her She
Its It
Our We
Their They

There’s also an “independent” form of each of these pronouns:

Possessive independent
My Mine
Your Yours
His His
Her Hers
Its Its
Our Ours
Their Theirs.

Possessive pronouns are never spelled with apostrophes.

Examples:
1. My house.

7
 2. Is mine apple.
3. His pen.
4. Hers dog.
5. This book is mine.
6. This magazine is yours.
7. This pencil es his.
8. This bag is hers.
9. That car is his.
10. This umbrella is hers.
11. These seats are ours.

Objective

The objective (or accusative) case pronouns

Possessive Personal
Me I
You You
Him He
Her She
It It
Us We
Whom They

(Notice that form of you and it does not change.) The objective case is used when
something is being done to (or given to, etc.) someone.
Examples:
1. We gave them the money.
2. He knows me well.
3. He always help me with my homework.
4. I call her.
5. He saw me.
6. I need you.
7. I called him.
8. I send her a message.
9. She bought it.
10. They saw us.

8
Possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something.

While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship
than ownership.

Possessive Personal
My I
Your You
His He
Her She
Its It
Our We
Their They

Important note: We do not include an S to the adjective when the noun is plural like
in many other languages.

Examples:
1. My t-shirt is green.
2. Your book is new.
3. His pillow is soft.
4. Her dog is small.
5. Its bone is old.
6. Our bird is noisy.
7. Your hose is big.
8. Their card is slow.

Verb to be

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The verb "to be" is the most important verb in English and at the same time, the most
complicated. It is used both as a main verb as an auxiliary verb and is irregular in
the present and past.
It uses "to be" as the main verb to show the status or characteristics of someone or
something (such as a state verb). It can also be used with place prepositions to
indicate where something is located.
Affirmative

subject Verb to be
I Am
You Are
He Is
She Is
It Is
We Are
They Are

Subject + verb to be + complement.

Examples:
1. I am happy.
2. You’re sad in the house.
3. He is very ugly.
4. She’s beautiful.
5. It is a horse.
6. We are the champions.
7. They’re jump.

10
Negative

subject Verb to be With no particle contraction

I Am I am not I’m not
You Are You are not You aren’t
He Is He is not He isn’t
She Is She is not She isn’t
It Is It is not It isn’t
We Are We are not Aren’t
They Are They are not Aren’t

Subject + verb to be + not + complement.

Examples:
1. I am not tall
2. You are not Irish
3. He is not rich
4. She is not clever
5. It is not big
6. We are not ugly
7. You are not funny
8. They are not English

Interrogative

Verb to be + Subject + complement + ?

Examples
1. Am I a good student?
2. Are we old friends?

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 3. Is he a student?
4. Is the pencil on the desk?
5. Is she absent from class today?
6. Are they friends?
7. Is the weather good?
8. Is the sky clear?
9. Are they brothers?
10. Is the child in the garden?
11. Are we cousins?
12. Is she sick today?
13. Is she a young woman?
14. Is he a businessman?
15. Is he a lawyer?
16. Is today Monday?
17. Are he and Mary good students?
18. Is the man on the corner waiting the bus?
19. Are you old friends?
20. Is he in Europe?

There is

It has the meaning of "to have". It is formed with "hay" followed by the present
tense of the verb "to be" in singular or plural, as appropriate.

'There is' is used with countable nouns in singular and with countless nouns.
'There's' is the short form of there is.

Affirmative

Examples:
1. There’s a police station next to the supermarket.
2. There’s som eone at the door.
3. There’s no one at home.
4. There is a car on the road.
5. There is an ipad in my bag.
6. There is a fire escape in the building.
7. There is a lamp in my bedroom.
8. There’s only one doctor in this area.
9. There’s a bank between the post office and the hospital.
10. There’s a mailbox on the corner.

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Negative

1. There is not a car on the road.

2. There is not an ipad in my bag.
3. There is not a fire escape in the building.
4. There is not a lamp in my bedroom.
5. There isn’t a police station next to the supermarket.
6. There isn’t someone at the door.
7. There isn’t two bedrooms available.
8. There isn’t only one doctor in this area.
9. There isn’t a bank between the post office and the hospital.
10. There isn’t a mailbox on the corner.

Interrogative

1. Is there a car on the road?

2. Is there an ipad in my bag?
3. Is there a fire escape in the building?
4. Is there a lamp in my bedroom?
5. Is there a police station next to the supermarket?
6. Is there someone at the door?
7. Is there no one at home?
8. Is there only one doctor in this area?
9. Is there a bank between the post office and the hospital?
10. Is there a mailbox on the corner?

There are

It has the meaning of "to have". It is formed with "hay" followed by the present
tense of the verb "to be" in singular or plural, as appropriate.
'There are' is used with plural accounting nouns.

Affirmative

Examples:
1. There’re seven days in a week.
2. There’re four seasons in a year.
3. There’re several restaurants in this avenue.
4. There’re four laundromats in this neighborhood.
5. There are apples in the box.

13
 6. There are five flags at the top of the hotel.
7. There are two students absent today.
8. There are two large windows in my officeThere are no Italians in my class.
9. There are two books on the desk.

Negative
1. There are not apples in the box.
2. There are not five flags at the top of the hotel.
3. There are not two students absent today.
4. There are not two large windows in my office.
5. There are not Italians in my class.
6. There are not two books on the desk.
7. There aren’t nine days in a week.
8. There aren’t five seasons in a year.
9. There aren’t several restaurants in this avenue.
10. There aren’t four laundromats in this neighborhood.

Interrogative
1. Are there apples in the box?
2. Are there five flags at the top of the hotel?
3. Are there two students absent today?
4. Are there two large windows in my office?
5. Are there no Italians in my class?
6. Are there two books on the desk?
7. Are there seven days in a week?
8. Are there four seasons in a year?
9. Are there several restaurants in this avenue?
10. Are there four laundromats in this neighborhood?

Have

The verb “to have” means to have or have.

To have is one of the auxiliary verbs in English along with to do, to be will, when “to
have” work. With the auxiliary verb role it has no meaning

Subject + have + complement.

14
Affirmative

1. You have to go home.

2. We have to write them a letter
3. You have to stay there all summer.
4. A have to work tonight
5. We have to send the plans tomorrow
6. We have to stay here at least an hour.
7. She has to send it by airmail.
8. You have to take this package to the post office.
9. He has to take an earlier flight
10. You have to wait in his office

Negative

Subject + have + not + complement.

1. I have not worked for my uncle.
2. She has not finished.
3. We have not visited them for the last year.
4. It has not rained for last month.
5. They have not completed the project.
6. I have not cooked something.
7. He has not finished reading my book.
8. You have not invested in something revolutionary.
9. We have not looked everywhere for the keys.
10. Y have not watched who seasons of this T.V. show

Interrogative

have + Subject + complement. + ?

1. Do you have my book?
2. Does she have a new car?
3. Does Samuel have a dog?
4. Do you have an e-mail?
5. Does he have a new many friends?
6. How many coupons do you have?
7. Do you have a new cellphone?
8. Does she have a cat?

15
 9. What kind of pet do yoy have?

Have got

The verb “to have got” can be used with the meaning of obligation (as must) but above all
it is used with the meaning of “to have”.
It consists of the auxiliary “have” + “got” (participles of the verbs “to get”).
It is usually used in the present since for the past of “the have” is often used.

Subject + have got + complement.

Affirmative

1. I have got a map

2. You´ve got a car
3. He has got a big house
4. She’s got a friend
5. It has got a tail.
6. We have got a tall
7. You have got a book
8. They’ve got dome money
9. I have a got
10. You have a got

Negative

Subject + have + not + got + complement.

1. I have not got
2. You have not got
3. He has not got
4. I haven’t got any money
5. You haven’t got any brothers
6. He hasn’t got a pen
7. She hasn’t got any friends
8. It hasn’t got four legs
9. We haven’t got a big room
10. You haven’t got a laptop
11. They haven’t got a ticket

16
Interrogative

Have + Subject + got + complement + ?

1. Have I got a new job?
2. Have you got a lighter?
3. Has he got a girlfriend?
4. Has she got a child?
5. Has it got a train station?
6. Have we got a headache?
7. Have we got flowers?
8. Have they got a computer?
9. Have I got?
10. Have they got?

Can/Can’t

Affirmative
Can is a modal verb.
Can is used to express ability or to say that something is possible.

Can is the same for all subjects. We don't add an 'S' in the third person (like other verbs)
The verb that comes after Can is in the infinitive without to:

Examples

1. I can speak Spanish.

2. He can swim well.
3. We can see our neighbour in the garden.
4. They can play the guitar.
5. She can take the children with her to Houston.
6. He can feel better later.
7. You can go home.
8. He can pay more attention to what the teacher says.
9. They can help you with your work.
10. We can send plans tomorrow.

Negative

17
To form the negative we add "not" after can to form one word: cannot.

We can also contract the negative to form can't. (Can’t = cannot)

Examples:

1. She cannot take the children with her to Houston.

2. He cannot lend us the money which we need.
3. She cannot be back by noon.
4. You can’t go home.
5. I can’t rest more.
6. We can’t write them a letter.
7. You can’t stay there all summer.
8. I can’t work tonight.
9. We can’t send plans tomorrow.
10. She can’t send it by airmail.

Interrogative

1. Can she take the children with her to Houston?

2. Can he lend us the money which we need?
3. Can she be back by noon?
4. Can she return later?
5. Can you learn at least five new words every day?
6. Can you call her tomorrow
7. Can you see her tomorrow?
8. Can she try to finish her projects on time?
9. Can they help you with your work?
10. Can you go by plane?

1. She can’t take the children with her to Houston, can she?
2. He can’t lend us the money which we need, can him?
3. They can’t help you with your work, can they?
4. He can’t save some money each week, can he?
5. You can’t prepare your work more carefully, can you?
6. Can’t you walk faster?
7. Can’t you ask your father for help?
8. Can’t you turn on the light?
9. Can’t your mother play piano?
10. Can’t you drink beer?

18
Cardinal number

In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3...

Cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the
cardinality (size) of sets. The cardinality of a finite set is a natural number

Número Cardinal Número Cardinal

1 one 21 twenty-one
2 two 22 twenty-two
3 three 23 twenty-three
4 four 24 twenty-four
5 five 25 twenty-five
6 six 26 twenty-six
7 seven 27 twenty-seven
8 eight 28 twenty-eight
9 nine 29 twenty-nine
10 ten 30 thirty
11 eleven 31 thirty-one
12 twelve 40 forty
13 thirteen 50 fifty
14 fourteen 60 sixty
15 fifteen 70 seventy
16 sixteen 80 eighty
17 seventeen 90 ninety
18 eighteen 100 one hundred
19 nineteen 500 five hundred
20 twenty 1,000 one thousand
1,500 one thousand five hundred, or fifteen
hundred
100,000 one hundred thousand
1,000,000 one million

19
Ordinal number

The abbreviation for ordinal numbers is formed with the number in cipher followed by the
last letters of the complete word. The tens, the thousands and the million are joined with a
dash of "and", as are the cardinal numbers.
Examples:

1 st first 11 th eleventh 21 st twenty- 31 st thirty-first

first
2 nd second 12 th twelfth 22 nd twenty- 40 th fortieth
second
3 rd third 13 th thirteenth 23 rd twenty- 50 th fiftieth
third
4 th fourth 14 th fourteenth 24 th twenty- 60 th sixtieth
fourth
5 th fifth 15 th fifteenth 25 th twenty- 70 th seventieth
fifth
6 th sixth 16 th sixteenth 26 th twenty- 80 th eightieth
sixth
7 th seventh 17 th seventeenth 27 th twenty- 90 th ninetieth
seventh
8 th eighth 18 th eighteenth 28 th twenty- 100 th one
eighth hundredth
9 th ninth 19 th nineteenth 29 th twenty- 1,000 th one
ninth thousandth
10 th tenth 20 th twentieth 30 th thirtieth 1,000,000 th one millionth

Qualitative data

Everything that can be measured and counted, we say can be quantified. The concept
"quantitative data" refers precisely to this, to tangible information, which is obtained by
some method of research. The way of quantifying the data obtained in our study gave us
the guideline of which way to go, hence the importance of its correct analysis to prove that
it is in the right or not, in the hypothesis.
Examples:

1. The beauty
2. The joy
3. The fear
4. The hungry
5. The ignorance

20
 Present simple

To express habits and routines, general facts, repeated actions or situations,

emotions and permanent desires:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (stay); London is a large city (general fact)
To give instructions or instructions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
To discuss scheduled, present or future events:
Your exam starts at 09.00.
To refer to the future, behind some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as,
until:
I'll give it to you when you eat next Saturday.

Affirmative
Examples:

1. She reads the newspaper every day.

2. We come to school by bus.
3. You work very hard.
4. She likes to sit in the sun.
5. We play in the park every day.
6. He watches his son in the park.
7. We always try to arrive on time.
8. He always walks to school.
9. She does the work of two people.
10. The dog chases the cat all around the house.

Negative
Examples:

1. She does not read the newspaper every day.

2. We do not come to school by bus.
3. You do not work very hard.
4. She does not like to sit in the sun.
5. We do not play in the park every day.
6. He does not watch his son in the park.
7. We do not try to arrive on time.
8. He does not walk to school.
9. She does not work for my uncle.
10. The dog does not chase the cat all around the house.

21
Interrogative
Examples:

1. Does she play the piano every afternoon?

2. Does she kiss me every morning?
3. Do you watch television every night?
4. Does he carry the books in a briefcase?
5. Does he enjoy his English class?
6. Does the bus stops at the corner?
7. Does she want to learn French?
8. Does he speak German?
9. Does she wish to learn Italian?
10. Does the plane leave from the airport at 8 o’clock?

Past simple

There are many ways to speak of the past in English, but the simple past is the most
common form. The simple past in English is equivalent to the preterit imperfect and preterit
indefinite of Spanish. We use the simple past for complete actions in the past. The time
period of these actions is not as important as in Spanish. In the simple past there are
regular verbs and irregular verbs.

Affirmative
Examples:

1. You worked very hard last week.

2. She lived in Japan last year.
3. They learned how to swim two years ago.
4. She liked to sit in the sun.
5. He always walked to school.
6. I painted my house last weekend.
7. Mr. Green worked with my uncle.
8. I married Kelly last year.
9. He worked in his garden yesterday.
10. He studied for his English class.

Negative
Examples:

1. Didn’t like that.

2. He didn’t eat much.
3. That didn’t work.

22
 4. It didn’t fit.
5. She didn’t buy dinner.
6. They didn’t go to the party.
7. We didn’t do it.
8. I didn’t believe that.
9. She didn’t practice.
10. He didn’t study at all.

Interrogative

Examples:

1. Did I fail this exam?

2. Did he not know it?
3. Why did you wait so long?
4. Didn't they tell you?
5. When did you break your finger?
6. Did she watch the film yesterday?
7. Didn´t she kiss her boyfriend?
8. Did you work very hard last week?
9. Did she live in Japan last year?
10. Did they learn how to swim two years ago?

Future simple

The simple future or "simple future" is used to describe actions that will be
developed in the future, without specifying when.
In English this verbal tense is usually expressed with the "shall / will" or "be going
to" constructions.
The "will" and "going to" forms are used to express the future. The difference
between "going to" and "will" is the sense of planning and likelihood of an action
happening. In general, "going to" is used for concrete plans, when we are sure that
something will happen.

Affirmative
Examples

1. She will read the newspaper tomorrow.

2. We will come to school by bus.
3. You will work very hard.
4. She will like to sit in the sun.

23
5. We will play in the park next week.
6. He will watch his son in the race.
7. The store will be open until seven o’clock.
8. The plant will die because of lack of sunshine.
9. We will try to arrive on time.
10. He will walk to school.

Negative

Examples:

1. He will not teach mathematics.

2. We will not go to the movies next weekend.
3. She will not play the piano.
4. She will not kiss me every morning.
5. You will not watch television.
6. He will not carry the books in a briefcase.
7. He will not enjoy his English class.
8. The bus will not stop at the corner.
9. She will not want to learn French.
10. He will not speak German.

Interrogative

Examples:

1. Will she do the work of two people?

2. Will the dog chase the cat all around the house?
3. Will Mr. Green work with my uncle?
4. Will they play tennis next Sunday?
5. Will he study for his English class?
6. Will we eat together tomorrow?
7. Will she attend church next Saturday?
8. Will I speak several foreign languages?
9. Will she eat in the cafeteria today?
10. Will she go there twice a week?

24
CONCLUSION

The realization of an anthology helps the student to study and in this way prepares
to do examinations or works, in my opinion.

Is a very productive and fun activity to perform when you have clear time, the learning
achieved or that I hope, in my opinion will be reflected in the examination that will be
presented later.

English is as it is repeated and will continue to repeat until it is clear, is an important

language for all, being the universal language.

I concluded that everyone should learn or at least understand the language.

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https://www.grammarly.com/blog/articles/
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Sitio web: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/personal-pronouns/
- Grammarly Inc. (2017). Possessive Pronouns. June 09, de Grammarly Inc.
Sitio web: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/possessive-pronouns/
- Grammarly Inc. (2017). Objectives Pronouns. June 09, de Grammarly Inc.
Sitio web: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/pronoun-cases/
- grammar.cl. (2015). Possessive Adjectives. June, 09, de grammar.cl Sitio
web: http://www.grammar.cl/Notes/Possessive_Adjectives.htm
- Curso de Inglés. (2015). To Be. June 09, de curso-ingles.com Sitio web:
http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-basico/verbs/to-be
- Vitutor. (2015). Presente simple: 'There is, there are'. 12 Junio, 2017 , de
Vitutor Sitio web:
http://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/verbs/there_is.html
- InglesSensillo. (2015) “to have”. June 11, de InglesSensillo,
http://www.inglessencillo.com/m/to-have.
- Vitutor. (2016). “To have”. 12 Junio, 2017 , de Vitutor Sitio web:
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