Emily Manuel

Per 4a

Annotated source list

Appelbaum, Paul S. "Mental health courts: a workaround for a broken mental

health system." Washington Monthly, June-Aug. 2016, p. A8+.

ProfessionalCollection,go.galegroup.com/ps/

i.dop=GPS&sw=w&u=col41078&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA455416000&it=r&

;asid=259b1bea6259f6cf1d612c54f6025a30. Accessed 5 Oct. 2017.

Summary:News article

In the 1990s, the police felt like they had no choice but to arrested mentally ill people who were

acting out due to their mental illness.​ ​ A growing number of defendants have serious mental

illnesses that don't get treated. This usually leads to a short prison stay, just to end up going back

to prison. Based on an epidemiologic survey, 14-24% of inmates suffered serious mental

illnesses and were more often neglected of treatment.

Application to research

This ​news article ​helped me by explaining how many people are in jail because of their mental

illness. It also explained that there is a lack of treatment for these people therefore it usually

leads to them point back to jail.

BBC News. (2016, May 29). ​Startling number of mental patients behind bars in US

[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OT3ZlaVOhrc

 Summary: Video Clip

The number of inmates with mental health problems is increasing, with 30% of the

inmates in prison having some kind of mental health problem. There are about three times

more mental health patients in prisons then there are in psychiatric hospitals. This makes

creates more violence and bad mentality in prisons witch overall makes them a more

dangerous. Due to the lack of psychiatric support, these patients are being treated like

prisoners. Everyone can agree that this is not how this should be.

Application to research

This ​Video Clip​ helped me understand how the mentally ill are treated in prisons. The

visual made it clear that they are treated like caged animal and are living in very

dangerous situations that are never going to help then get treatment for there disease.

Behind the mask: Reducing recidivism and transforming lives. (2013, July 23).

​Tedtalks​. Podcast retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=p-Cv-puFKB8

Summary:Ted Talk

Sabra Williams used theater to teach inmates to help them express their emotions in a

more constructive way. She said that in the United States there are about 760 prisoners for

every 100,000 citizens. This incarceration spike happened in 1980.this program teaches

the inmates how to act, make friends, and express different emotions and personalities. It
 was reported that the people in this program has better relationships with friends and

family and less recidivism reported.

Brave New Films. (n.d.). ​Why are we using prisons to treat mental illness? ​

​overcriminalized​ [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=zSbFbv2Bs_0

Summary:video clip

About $9 million are spent every year to lock up the mentally ill alone. These are patients

not inmates. In 2012, 356,368 severely mental ill patients were locked up in the U.S. these

people should not be criminalized, they should be treated. Most police officers are not

trained to deal with the mentally ill when they are called to help with them. This leads to

violence and even death. In some places they are starting to make officers take crisis

intervention training. This helps them to feel more confident when going to help the

mentally ill and get them to the proper facility to be treated instead of putting in jail.

Application to research:

This ​Video Clip​ helped me to understand why the mentally keep ending up in jail. This

also gave me ideas on how people could do to limit incarceration rates which would limit

recidivism as well.

"Client-Centered Therapy." ​The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology​, edited by Bonnie

 Strickland, 2nd ed., Gale, 2001, pp. 124-125. ​Gale Virtual Reference

​Library​, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3406000125/

GVRL?u=col41078&sid=GVRL&xid=70ddb522. Accessed 22 Jan. 2018.

Summary:book

Classical conditioning is using neutral stimulus to create a reaction. This goes along with the

important concept of behaviorism and it basically makes a benchmark for behavioral therapy.

These test of stimulants can help to identify phobias. For example using a dog as a stimulant

could indicate if someone is afraid of dogs based on their reaction. Other examples of stimulants

could include, songs and smells. When a person come into contact with thes general stimulants

you can learn alot from their reaction

Application to research:

This ​book​ helped me to understand a way that you can look into a person's mental health. This

could help with finding out the most important things that theses people should be trained to

identify because I think this is a very important topic

Dieleman, C. (Producer). (2015, January 12). Mental health and criminal justice.

​tedtalk​. Podcast retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=F1LIlKoxwjg

Summary: Video

Crystal Dieleman was talking about how people are criminalized by their mental illness. She

said that ⅕ people in canada have a mental illness which is equal to 20%. 40% of the time police
make contact with mentally ill people it is for non criminal behavior. The majority of the time it

is for on criminal behavior.

Application to research

This​ video ​helped me understand how mental illness is overlooked in law. Also that most of the

time it is for minor things.

Durose,, M. R., & Cooper, A. D., Ph.D. (2014, April). ​Recidivism of Prisoners

​Released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010​.

Summary: Report

Data from 30 states in 2005 was taken to see how many people would be convicted in three and

then five years. The data states that in 3 years 67.8% returned back to jail. In 5 years 67.85%

returned back to prison.

Application to research

This ​report​ helped me to have data showing the trends with what tends to happen after people

are released from prison.

Fellner, J. (2004, February 14). Prisons no place for the mentally ill [Blog

post]. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2004/02/12/

prisons-no-place-mentally-ill

Summary:blog

Jamie Fellner talked about how prisons have become mental health facilities but they are not

equipped to do so. One in every six prisoners are mentally ill in the united states.they tend to be

suffering with things such as schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression. A while ago prisons
didn't really have any mental health treatment. Mow prisons have something for the mentally ill

but they don't have enough resources to offer the amount of help that they need too.this means

that the prisoners are not getting the treatment that they should. She basically sums up that with

the conditions in and out of the prison these mentally ill patients didn't have a chance because

they are just not in the right environment for themselves.

Application to research:

This ​blog​ helped me understand that the prisons may just not have the resources that they need to

properly support the mentally ill. They still need to develop a lot more of what the mentally ill

need so that they can help them get better instead of just locking them in a room and then letting

them back out into a world that is not made for them.

Flanagan, Jennifer. "Reducing recidivism through combined community effort: the

Allegheny County jail collaborative." ​Policy & Practice​, Dec. 2016, p.

5+. ​Student Resources in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A477339723/

SUIC?u=col41078&xid=029c8bb9. Accessed 16 Nov. 2017.

Summary:Magazine

The Allegany county jail is trying to reduce recidivism by having an allegany county jail

collaborative program. A participant from the program, Darryl Coaston, said that when he

was released from the county jail in October 2011, he had a better life. He had stopped

selling drugs and doing what he thought it took to survive. When he first heard of the

program he didn't really care about coming out a better person. All he wanted was to get

out. He agreed to join because he thought it would just be. This program started while the
 participants are still in jail and continues after they leave. All participants have their

services uniquely made for them, except for the fact that all participants received

cognitive behavioral therapy.

Application to research:

This ​magazine ​helped me understand that if inmates are helped before they get out of

prison then is much easier for them to live a better life than they had come to jail having.

Gross, T. (2017, April 25). Psychiatrist recalls 'heartbreak and hope' on

bellevue's prison ward [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/

sections/health-shots/2017/04/25/525533732/

psychiatrist-recalls-heartbreak-and-hope-on-bellevues-prison-ward

Summary:blog

In the New York City’s rikers Island jail,Bellevue hospital prison ward is for patients who

have become too sick, violent, delusional or suicidal for the jail to handle. Doctor

Elizabeth Ford said “my job is to look past that and…to care for them, to be curious about

them and be non-judgemental”. When most of her patients she found a trend of abuse.

And example, that she gave is that a young boy has had a drinking problem since a very

young age. It started when he was 8 because he found that if he was drunk when his dad

would whip him, it didn't hurt as much. Her violent patients usually were violent for the

simple fact that they felt like they were not being heard. Usually just talking to them and

trying to understand them was enough and when needed medication would be distributed.
 Application to research:

This ​blog​ helped me understand a way that one of the prisons handles the mentally ill.

Also It gave me some background information on some trends that have been found in the

mentally ill that end up in jail. Also there was information on how to deal with different.

Harrington, Spencer P.M. "New Bedlam: Jails--Not Psychiatric Hospitals--Now

Care for the Indigent Mentally Ill." ​The Humanist​, May 1999, p. 9. ​Student Resources

in

Context​,http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A54574810/GPS?u=col41078&sid=GPS

&xid=1129e709. Accessed 24 Jan. 2018.

Summary: references source

Jail populations get higher every year with more and more people having severe mental illness.

Severe mental illness include,schizophrenia, severe depression, and manic depressive disorder.

Most prisons are not able to offer the help that these inmates/patients need. One exception would

include the Alexandria Adult Detention Center. They have counselors to help the mentally ill and

to help persuade patients to stay on their medication so that they have relief from their illness.

This helped a thirty eight year old named Timothy Williams. He had been arrested because of a

burguling spree. He was diagnosed with a drug addiction and paranoid schizophrenia. He

attempted suicide by cutting his arm 200 times. Hea says that his medication makes him a great

person to be around but when he's off it he is “like the devil”. Thanks to the counselors being

there to persuade him to go back on his medication, he lived.

Application to research:
This ​reference resource ​ helped me to understand that there are some people that are trying to

help find solutions for the problems with mental health in prisons. It also showed that having

these resources can make a big impact and can be the difference between life and death.

Hebert, A. (Producer). (2012). ​Mental Illness & The Justice system​ [Motion

picture]. youtube.

Summary: video

The bluebonnet organization's purpose is to help the mentally ill not get treated like

criminals but as people when they are in the justice system. There was a quote that said, “

intervention makes a difference”. This means that, like they said, having that hands on

attention from someone who is trying to help could mean the difference between you

ending up in prison and not. They said that prison was not the place for these people to be.

It's not gonna help in the long run. They believe that it is important to treat these people

because they will usually just end up in prison again. The fact that most of the crimes

committed are usually due to mental illness.

Application to research:

This ​video ​ helped me to understand how some people in the justice system view mental

health. Also now I have a program to look into because bluebonnet seems to fit with my

research pretty well

Ilesanmi, A. (2015, January 28). The costs of correctional mental health [Blog

post]. Retrieved from http://inpathybulletin.com/

the-costs-of-correctional-mental-health/

Summary: blog

In the 1960’s there were about 600,000 mentally ill adults in state-funded hospitals. In 1990

those numbers dropped to 70,000 patients. Due to the state funding for mental health treatment

facilities being cut, about 1.3 million of the mentally ill that would have been put in a hospital

are being incarcerated. In prison they do not have the resources to treat these the mentally ill

inmates because getting people who have been trained are very expensive. With these patients

treatment being delayed it could cause them to become very vulnerable. This could lead to a

relapse into bad behavior and abuse from the other inmates. Taxpayers pay around $50,000 to

housing the mentally ill in jails and prisons. But there is still not enough funds to give them the

treatment that they deserve.

Application to research:

This blog helped me to identify an obstacle that I will have to work around. I will have to figure

out the most cost effective way to carry out my programs. Another option is to convince a

committee that this is important and that more of the budget should go towards this .

Jensen, M. B. (Producer). (2014). ​Introduction to mental disorders | behavior |

​mcat | khan academy​ [Motion picture]. youtube.

Summary: video

A mental disorder can be classified as a abnormality of the mind. There are two different ways

that you could look at a mental disorder. Thay are biomedical and biopsychosocial. Biomedical

refers to the physical abnormalities with the connections in the mind. The biopsychosocial side
of it is more related to the the psychological and social side of it. There are two different ways to

classify mental health. There is international classification of diseases witch is a world health

organization. Then there is the diagnostic and statistical manual fifth edition. This includes the

american psychiatric association and ti is in the United States. The national institute of health

reported that 25% of adults every year will fit in a category of some kind of mental illness. 6%

will have a severe illness.

Application to research:

This ​Video ​helped me to understand the basics of mental disorders and gives me a foundation of

what it is and how they determine these things. I also think it would be a good idea to look more

into the different classifications to have an overall better understanding of them.

McKeon, Lauren. "Police, brutality, and mental .health." This Magazine, Mar.-Apr.

2014, p. 2. Student Resources in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/

doc/A360993949/GPS?u=col41078&sid=GPS&xid=d74db686. Accessed 22

Jan. 2018.

Summary; magazine

In december 2013, in Toronto in 12 of the 15 police divisions are trying something new. They

have teamed up with some trained psychologist to help detain mental health crises. There are still

a lot of down sides. For example, the can only respond to a scene after it has been cleared by the

police. They can’t be present unless there are no weapons and it is 100% safe. This is a good

thing and a bad thing. It's good because they are taking under consideration that there is always
potential danger if there are wepos but it is bad because that means there will always be those

few people who just don't.

Application to research:

This ​magazine​ helped me to understand some precautions that need to be taken in certain

situations. It also helped me to understand that there are people taking action but there are still

knicks that I can try to work out.

Mental health court turns lives of chronic criminals around​ [Motion picture].

(2011). Colorado: youtube.

Summary: video

The mental health court in colorado is keeping the mentally ill out of jail. They understand that

when these people are not treated they will just be another person who is stuck in the revolving

door of the prison system. There is such a high number of people in prisons with serious mental

illnesses, yet no one in these prisons is trained to handle these things. What this court does is it

basically monitors your whole life. For example, they tell you who you can and cannot see, what

you can and cannot do, and where you can and cannot go. All of this tends to lead to these people

staying out of jail and moving towards a better life.

Application to research:

This ​video​ helped me to see something that has had a good amount of success. With this

information i can add it to other things that i find affective and hopefully make something

very useful.
Mental health presents major challenges for prison. (2106, April 27). ​cayman

​news​. Retrieved from https://caymannewsservice.com/2016/04/

mental-health-presents-major-challenge-for-prison/comment-page-1/

Summary: newsletter

At HMP Northward is not fit for purpose because it cannot provide the services that all the

inmates need.one of the biggest problems in this prison is the incarceration of prisoners

with mental health challenges. The prisoners and the staff of the prison the agree that the

mentally ill should not be put in prison and that they need a special unit because they are

very vulnerable people in the prison and should have their own special attention. For a lot

of the mentally ill prison is their last stop because every other society has failed them. In

Cayman’s prison they do not have the means to separate the mental ill in the prison so as a

result, they are forced to be in a crowded prison community. Some are separated into the

23-hour lockdown in a high security unit,but others are in the remand wing and others in

the b-wing which is very crowded with almost 70 men in a condemned cell block. The

staff said that it was difficult the create sentencing plans for the mentally ill. Also they

said that the security is hard because they can be a danger to themselves and others. When

an inmate have poor mental health it can mean that they get messed with by other inmates

even though there are still some prisoners that are more understanding to those people.

There are a lot of problems associated with these inmates, such as, drug and alcohol

addiction,depression, and severe psychotic disorders. Even with counseling and a

 psychiatrist on staff there are still those who go undiagnosed

Application to research:

This ​newsletter ​helped me to understand how a prison manages the mentally ill. It also made

very good points on the flaws in the system of dealing with people with bad mental health.

Miller, B. (Producer). (2015). ​Depression and major depressive disorder |

​behavior | mcat | khan academy​ [Motion picture]. Youtube.

Summary: video

Deprepression is the feeling of helplessness. People with depression can often have low

self esteem, lack of energy , feel isolated, have low focus and low mood. Some physical

factors that could indicate that someone has depression is that they sleep more or less than

usual, or their weight becomes higher or lower than usual. Depression is the number one

reason people seek mental health services. People often tend to make depression seem like

its not that big of a deal because it is not just feeling sad sometimes it can seriously affect

your life. Depression also tends to not come alone. Many people with depression have

other mental illnesses like anxiety.

Application to research:

This ​video​ helped me to understand the basics of depression. As this is one of the severe

mental illnesses seen in prison, this is important information to have to be able to identify

and treat this illness

Nahmias, L. (2015, March 10). Advocates seek more funding for mental health in
 prison system [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/states/

new-york/albany/story/2015/03/

advocates-seek-more-funding-for-mental-health-in-prison-system-020308

Summary:

It is becoming more popular for police officers and the prison staff to be trained on how to

interact with the mentally ill. This is possible because of the $400,000 budget that was

given for just that. This should cut down or recidivism because so many of the inmates are

there, and come back, because of their mental illness. In the post it said, “The longer

someone’s not linked with services, the percentage of recidivism is much higher”.this

means that if the police and the prison staff can intervene early on then there will be less

people who end up back in jail due to their illness. This will cut down on housing in

prisons which could also add to the funds on mental health.

Application to research:

This blog helped me understand where the prisons are getting money. Also, now I have an

idea of how much money they have to work with. Another thing is I know how they are

using that money and what they hope will happen because of it.

"Parolees in Revolving Door." Crime and Punishment: Essential Primary Sources,

edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Gale, 2006, pp. 355-359.

Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2588900147/

OVIC?u=col41078&xid=d8189178. Accessed 19 Sept. 2017.

Summary: Newspaper article

High recidivism rates are one of the main reason the prison population in america is increasing.

THe statistics available in the western prison project stated that more than 700 people in every

100,000people in the american population is in prison. The number of incarcerated americans

has increased by 60% since 1973. Many of those in the prison are repeat offenders because they

violated their parole or probation.

Application to research

This ​news article​ helped me get information on how incarceration and recidivism are related. It

gave me data and a time frame that might show some of the best data.

Redmond, H. (1998). The state mental health in the usa. ​International Jornal of

​Mental Health​, ​27​, 62-79.

Summary; journal

In the USA many people suffer from mental illnesses. Prison seems to be the only place that

these people can get free treatment. This leads to lots of people being in jail that should actually

be getting treatment fr their mental illness.

Application to research

This ​Journal ​helped me understand more reasons that people end up in jail. Also it helped me

understand that there is a lack of access to treatment both inside and outside of jail.

Residential Re-Entry Center. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2017, from

Volenteers of america website: https://www.voachesapeake.org/rrc

Summary: Web Page

The residential Reentry center is for men and women who are returning citizens. They

offer things like comprehensive case management, substance abuse education,

Employment readiness and job search assistance, education/vocational training assistance

and placement, cognitive behavioral programs and interventions, community services

referrals for medical, housing, substance abuse,mental health and sex offender treatment.

The facility contains 128 beds for men and 20 beds for women. There are also offices,

classrooms, a computer lab, lounges, dining hall, indoor basketball court, fitness rooms,

and visitation and conference rooms.

Application to research:

This website gave me a understanding of a program that is helping these new citizens do

better once they have left prison. This will be a good example to go off of when designing

my program.

Romero, & Walter. (2016, May 24). Recidivism interview at delancy street

(Interview by Jonny) [Transcript]. Retrieved November 13, 2017, from

youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHOLKdKrDyA

Summary: interview

Johnny from Palo Alto High School went to Delancey street, a rehabilitation center for inmates,

to interview Romero and Walter. Romero talked about how his life of crime started because his

parents were workaholics and that gave him time to get into trouble and it wasn't until he got an

opportunity to change that he took it and is now doing better. Walters started when his parents
were divorced and he started to feel alone because him and his military mom were always

moving around. Since he moved around so much he was always angry and getting into fights.

When he was 10 he finally got some friends but they got him into crime. He didn't know right

from wrong. They both said that they weren't ready for the changes because there were no

classes or programs to help them prepare. They felt that they had no social or life skills. They felt

like no one cared

Application to research

This ​Interview​ helped me to understand the different background factors that can lead to

incarceration and the mindsets that keep these offenders going back. Also it showed what is

needed to promote change.

Schnittker, J., Massoglia, M., & Uggen, C. (2013). ​Out and Down: Incarceration

​and Psychiatric Disorders​.

Summary: report

Many of the factors thought to cause mental illness also are linked to why some people go to

prison. Also, many mental illnesses can be a reason that people are sent to jail. Incarceration

rates have risen majorly over the past 30 years. Inmates face man challenges after they are

released which can lead to them going back to jail again.

Application to research

This​ report​ helped me by saying that mental illness can have similar trends to why people are

incarcerated. Also it says that leaving prison can cause many of stress.
Petteruti, A., Kajstura, A., Wagner, P., Schindler, M., & Ziedenberg, J. (2015,

February). ​The Right Investment?: Corrections Spending in Baltimore City​.

Retrieved from ​https://www.prisonpolicy.org/origin/md/report.html

Summary: reference

​It cost almost one billion dollars to to run maryland's correctional facilities. Baltimore has the

highest incarceration rates in maryland. These incarcerations tends to come from certain

communities. One community with high incarceration rates is Sandtown-Winchester/Harlem

with 458 people in prison from that area. Whereas only three people are in prison from the

Greater roland park/ Poplar Hill community. About 300 million dollars are spent each year to

incarcerate people from Baltimore city.

Application to research:

This ​article ​gave me a good way to look at my topic in a way that people who are less involved

in the prison system might care more about, since it is about where their taxes are going. Also It

gave some background on how where someone lives can increase or decrease your chances of

them being incarcerated.

Tafel, R. (Director). (2015, April 4). Why recidivism rate is so high in America

[Television episode]. In ​MSNBC​. MSNBC.

Summary: video

Richard Tafel explains why prisoners recidivism rates are so high in America. He talked about

how he went to a homeless shelter in Baltimore and ⅓ people in there came from prison.. These

people said that they were dropped of with ten dollars and no where to go. They didn't even have
important documents like a birth certificate so they couldn't even apply for a job or a place to

live. It Talked about how they would most likely end up back in jail and because there is so little

that they can do about their situation.

Application to research

This ​video​ helped me understand some reasons why people are going back to jail. Also it told

me that homeless shelters are a place where people in these situations go.

Vanabzaden, A. (Producer). (2015). ​Schizophrenia | behavior | mcat | khan

​academy​ [Motion picture]. Youtube

Summary:Video

Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain. It usually occurs because of genetics and environmental
factors. Environmental factors could include your experience in the whom or your experience
growing up. There are ways to identify schizophrenia in the brain now. For example, you can
now see abnormalities in the brain in brain scans. Also when looking at neurotransmitters you
could see an excess amount of dopamine which is what most antipsychotic medications are
working against. Overall schizophrenia is diagnosed through taking the history and talking to the
patients. This is because the abnormalities in the brain can cause their behavior to change.
Mostly how they think and how they act. Schizophrenia can cause school work to suffer, since it
affects mostly in the range of 16-30 years old, it can affect relationships, and it can cause
delusions that cause them to act differently.

Application to research:

This ​video​ helped my to understand more about schizophrenia and how to identify it and what it
does. This will help because schizophrenia is one of the common severe illnesses seen in prison
and so knowing what it is and how to treat it is very important.

Villines, Z. (2013, March 15). The Effects of Incarceration on Mental Health.

 Retrieved November 9, 2017, from GoodTherapy.org website:

https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/

prison-incarceration-effects-mental-health-0315137

Summary: Article

In the U.S. incarceration rates are rising. 41% of young adult have been arrested by the time they

are 23 years old. The U.S. department of justice reported 6.6% of people will serve time in their

lifetime. 32% of African american males will serve time in their life. More than half of the prison

population has been diagnosed with a mental illness.

Application to research

This ​Article ​ helped me to start making connections between incarceration and mental health. It

also gives good percentages that should be compared to others to enforce accuracy.

Welcome home reentry program. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2017, from

https://www.catholiccharitiesdc.org/WelcomeHome/

Summary: web page

The Welcome Home Re Entry Program is a program that offers mentoring for men and

women returning to society after incarceration. There goal is to prevent returning citizens

from going down the same path of crime and getting them on a path to a better career.

They want to help these returning citizens find a job, a safe place to live and a community

of support.

Application to research:
This ​web page ​ helped me understand a program that is trying to prevent recidivism and

also trying to help these returning citizens stay on the right track so that they will be better

off in the long run.

Welcome home reentry program. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2017, from

https://www.catholiccharitiesdc.org/WelcomeHome/

Summary: web page

The Welcome Home Re Entry Program is a program that offers mentoring for men and

women returning to society after incarceration. There goal is to prevent returning citizens

from going down the same path of crime and getting them on a path to a better career.

They want to help these returning citizens find a job, a safe place to live and a community

of support.

Application to research:

This ​web page ​ helped me understand a program that is trying to prevent recidivism and

also trying to help these returning citizens stay on the right track so that they will be better

off in the long run.