Mass Transfer Assignment

Example 11.4
What is the Boiling point of a equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene at 101.3 kN/m2?

Solution
The saturation vapour pressures are calculated as a function of temperature using the Antoine equ
11.3, and then, from Raoult’s Law, Equation 11.1, the actual vapour pressures are given by:

�_𝑩=𝒙_𝑩 𝒑_𝑩^� �_𝑻=𝒙_𝑻

𝒑_𝑻^�
It then remains, by a process of trial and error, to determine at which temperature:
�_𝑩+�_𝑻
The data, with pressures in kN/m2, are: =𝟏�𝟏.𝟑𝐤𝐍/𝒎_^�

Benzene

Sr# K1 K2 K3 𝒑_𝑩^�
log10PoB
T (K) T (C)
1 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 373 100 3.1304917968
2 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 372 99 3.1186866803
3 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 371 98 3.1068075018
4 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 370 97 3.0948535621
5 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 369 96 3.0828241532
6 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 368 95 3.0707185582
7 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 367 94 3.058536051
8 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 366 93 3.0462758963
9 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 365 92 3.0339373493
10 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 364 91 3.0215196559
11 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 363 90 3.0090220519
12 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 362 89 2.9964437635
13 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 361 88 2.9837840069
14 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 360 87 2.971041988
15 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 359 86 2.9582169024
16 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 358 85 2.9453079352
17 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 357 84 2.9323142606
18 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 356 83 2.9192350423
19 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 355 82 2.9060694326
20 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 354 81 2.8928165728
21 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 353 80 2.8794755926
22 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 352 79 2.8660456103
23 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 351 78 2.8525257321
24 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 350 77 2.8389150526
25 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 349 76 2.8252126537

Toulene

Roll No 14083123-033
Mass Transfer Assignment

Sr# K1 K2 K3 T (K) T (C) log10P

𝒑_𝑻^�
oT
1 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 373 100 2.7453256471
2 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 372.25 99.25 2.7354206146
3 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 371.25 98.25 2.722141141
4 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 370.25 97.25 2.7087777864
5 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 369.25 96.25 2.6953297537
6 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 368.25 95.25 2.6817962355
7 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 367.25 94.25 2.668176414
8 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 366.25 93.25 2.654469461
9 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 365.25 92.25 2.6406745378
10 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 364.25 91.25 2.6267907947
11 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 363.25 90.25 2.6128173712
12 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 362.25 89.25 2.5987533955
13 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 361.25 88.25 2.5845979845
14 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 360.25 87.25 2.5703502437
15 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 359.25 86.25 2.5560092668
16 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 358.25 85.25 2.5415741355
17 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 357.25 84.25 2.5270439196
18 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 356.25 83.25 2.5124176765
19 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 355.25 82.25 2.497694451
20 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 354.25 81.25 2.4828732755
21 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 353.25 80.25 2.467953169
22 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 352.25 79.25 2.4529331379
23 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 351.25 78.25 2.4378121749
24 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 350.25 77.25 2.4225892592
25 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 349.25 76.25 2.4072633561

Roll No 14083123-033
 Mass Transfer Assignment

e at 101.3 kN/m2?

ure using the Antoine equation, equation 11.6, and the constants given in Example
ssures are given by:

𝑻=𝒙_𝑻
𝑻^�
mperature:

𝒑_𝑩^� 𝒑_𝑩^�
(mmHg) ( KN/m2) �_𝑩
1350.491318814 179.6153454022 89.80767
1314.276311716 174.7987494583 87.39937
1278.814352398 170.0823088689 85.04115
1244.09504995 165.4646416434 82.73232
1210.108058969 160.9443718429 80.47219
1176.843080669 156.520129729 78.26006
1144.289863991 152.1905519108 76.09528
1112.43820671 147.9542814925 73.97714
1081.277956536 143.8099682193 71.90498
1050.799012202 139.7562686229 69.87813
1020.991324555 135.7918461659 67.89592
991.8448976348 131.9153713854 65.95769
963.349789744 128.125522036 64.06276
935.4961145163 124.4209832307 62.21049
908.2740419712 120.8004475822 60.40022
881.6737995623 117.2626153418 58.63131
855.685673217 113.8061945379 56.9031
830.3000083656 110.4299011126 55.21495
805.5072109622 107.132459058 53.56623
781.2977484937 103.9126005497 51.9563
757.6621509797 100.7690660803 50.38453
734.5910119605 97.7006045907 48.8503
712.0749894736 94.7059736 47.35299
690.1048070189 91.7839393335 45.89197
668.6712545107 88.9332768499 44.46664

Roll No 14083123-033
 Mass Transfer Assignment

𝒑_𝑻^� 𝒑_𝑻^�
(mmHg) ( KN/m2) �_𝑻 �_𝑩+�_
556.3212473082 73.990725892 36.99536
𝑻
126.8030356
543.7767248433 72.3223044042 36.16115 123.5605269
527.401233212 70.1443640172 35.07218 120.1133364
511.4200924728 68.0188722989 34.00944 116.741757
495.8265220613 65.9449274342 32.97246 113.4446496
480.6137986849 63.9216352251 31.96082 110.2208825
465.7752568045 61.948109155 30.97405 107.0693305
451.3042891051 60.023470451 30.01174 103.988876
437.1943469547 58.146848145 29.07342 100.9784082
423.4389408514 56.3173791332 28.15869 98.03682388
410.0316408591 54.5342082343 27.2671 95.1630272
396.96607703 52.796488245 26.39824 92.35592982
384.2359398159 51.1033799955 25.55169 89.61445102
371.8349804658 49.454052402 24.72703 86.93751782
359.7570114118 47.8476825178 23.92384 84.32406505
347.9959066411 46.2834555833 23.14173 81.77303546
336.5456020549 44.7605650733 22.38028 79.28337981
325.4000958146 43.2782127433 21.63911 76.85405693
314.5534486738 41.8356086736 20.9178 74.48403387
303.9997842963 40.4319713114 20.21599 72.17228593
293.733289561 39.0665275116 19.53326 69.9177968
283.7482148516 37.7385125753 18.86926 67.71955858
274.038874333 36.4471702863 18.22359 65.57657194
264.5996462123 35.1917529462 17.59588 63.48784614
255.4249729857 33.9715214071 16.98576 61.45239913

Roll No 14083123-033
 Example 11.5
What is the Dew point of a equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene at 101.3 kN/m2?

Solution
From Raoult’s Law, equations 11.1 and 11.2:

�_𝑩=𝒙_𝑩
𝒑_𝑩^�=� _�P
�_𝑻=𝒙_𝑻
Since the total pressure=101.3kN/𝑚_^2𝒑_𝑻^� =�_�P

�_𝑩=𝒙_𝑩 �_𝑻=𝟓�.𝟔𝟓/�_
𝒑_𝑩^�=50.65/�
_^�
� �
Benzene
Sr# K1 K2 K3 �_𝑩 T (K) T (C) PoB
log10𝒑_𝑩^� 𝒑_𝑩^�
(mmHg)
1 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 373.2 100.2 3.1328439936 1357.8256035036
2 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 373.1 100.1 3.1316682617 1354.1546385314
3 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 373 100 3.1304917968 1350.4913188136
4 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.9 99.9 3.1293145982 1346.8356338908
5 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.8 99.8 3.1281366652 1343.1875733079
6 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.7 99.7 3.1269579971 1339.5471266143
7 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.6 99.6 3.1257785933 1335.9142833637
8 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.5 99.5 3.124598453 1332.289033114
9 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.4 99.4 3.1234175755 1328.6713654276
10 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.3 99.3 3.1222359602 1325.0612698712
11 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.2 99.2 3.1210536064 1321.4587360161
12 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372.1 99.1 3.1198705133 1317.8637534378
13 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 372 99 3.1186866803 1314.2763117163
14 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.9 98.9 3.1175021067 1310.6964004359
15 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.8 98.8 3.1163167918 1307.1240091855
16 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.7 98.7 3.1151307349 1303.5591275585
17 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.6 98.6 3.1139439353 1300.0017451525
18 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.5 98.5 3.1127563923 1296.4518515698
19 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.4 98.4 3.1115681052 1292.909436417
20 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.3 98.3 3.1103790733 1289.3744893055
21 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.2 98.2 3.1091892959 1285.8469998509
22 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371.1 98.1 3.1079987723 1282.3269576733
23 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 371 98 3.1068075018 1278.8143523977
24 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 370.9 97.9 3.1056154837 1275.3091736533
25 6.90565 1211.033 220.79 50.65 370.8 97.8 3.1044227173 1271.8114110738

Toulene
Sr# K1 K2 K3 �_𝑻 T (K) T (C) 𝒑_𝑻^� 𝒑_𝑻^�
log10 �_𝑻
(mmHg)
1 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 373.2 100.2 2.7479591372 559.7049363024
2 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 373.1 100.1 2.7466428043 558.0110566071
3 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 373 100 2.7453256471 556.3212473082
4 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.9 99.9 2.7440076648 554.6355014952
5 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.8 99.8 2.7426888566 552.9538122633
6 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.7 99.7 2.7413692218 551.276172713
7 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.6 99.6 2.7400487596 549.6025759509
8 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.5 99.5 2.7387274691 547.9330150887
9 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.4 99.4 2.7374053498 546.267483244
10 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.3 99.3 2.7360824006 544.60597354
11 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.2 99.2 2.7347586209 542.9484791054
12 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372.1 99.1 2.7334340099 541.2949930747
13 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 372 99 2.7321085668 539.6455085878
14 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.9 98.9 2.7307822908 538.0000187904
15 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.8 98.8 2.7294551812 536.3585168338
16 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.7 98.7 2.7281272371 534.720995875
17 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.6 98.6 2.7267984577 533.0874490764
18 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.5 98.5 2.7254688423 531.4578696065
19 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.4 98.4 2.7241383901 529.8322506391
20 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.3 98.3 2.7228071002 528.2105853538
21 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.2 98.2 2.721474972 526.5928669358
22 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371.1 98.1 2.7201420046 524.979088576
23 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 371 98 2.7188081971 523.3692434711
24 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 370.9 97.9 2.7174735489 521.7633248233
25 6.95334 1343.943 219.377 50.65 370.8 97.8 2.7161380591 520.1613258407
𝑩^� ( KN/m2) �_𝑩
180.590805266 0.280468
180.1025669247 0.281229
179.6153454022 0.281991
179.1291393075 0.282757
178.64394725 0.283525
178.1597678397 0.284295
177.6765996874 0.285068
177.1944414042 0.285844
176.7132916019 0.286622
176.2331488929 0.287403
175.7540118901 0.288187
175.2758792072 0.288973
174.7987494583 0.289762
174.322621258 0.290553
173.8474932217 0.291347
173.3733639653 0.292144
172.9002321053 0.292944
172.4280962588 0.293746
171.9569550435 0.29455
171.4868070776 0.295358
171.0176509802 0.296168
170.5494853706 0.296981
170.0823088689 0.297797
169.6161200959 0.298615
169.1509176728 0.299437

_𝑻 ( KN/m2) �_𝑻 �_𝑩+�_

74.4407565282 0.680407 𝑻0.96087516
74.2154705288 0.682472 0.9637009
73.990725892 0.684545 0.96653675
73.7665216989 0.686626 0.96938274
73.542857031 0.688714 0.97223892
73.3197309708 0.69081 0.97510534
73.0971426015 0.692914 0.97798203
72.8750910068 0.695025 0.98086904
72.6535752715 0.697144 0.98376641
72.4325944808 0.699271 0.98667419
72.212147721 0.701406 0.98959241
71.9922340789 0.703548 0.99252113
71.7728526422 0.705699 0.99546038
71.5540024991 0.707857 0.9984102
71.3356827389 0.710023 1.00137066
71.1178924514 0.712198 1.00434178
70.9006307272 0.71438 1.00732361
70.6838966577 0.716571 1.0103162
70.467689335 0.718769 1.01331959
70.2520078521 0.720976 1.01633383
70.0368513025 0.723191 1.01935897
69.8222187806 0.725414 1.02239504
69.6081093817 0.727645 1.0254421
69.3945222015 0.729885 1.02850018
69.1814563368 0.732133 1.03156935