UNIT THEME: SPIRITUAL LITERACY

LESSON THEME: MEANING AND PURPOSE

LESSON TOPIC: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

UNIT GUIDING QUESTION AND ANSWER: How can you Identify and describe different types of energy

in real-world scenarios?

“Bring me sheets of iron" - until, when he had leveled [them] between the two mountain walls, he said, "Blow [with
bellows]," until when he had made it [like] fire, he said, "Bring me, that I may pour over it molten copper."[Quran
18:96]

QUESTIONS I SHOULD ALWAYS ASK MYSELF THINGS I SHOULD UNDERSTAND

 What is energy and what is the law of  Energy remains constant within the universe.
conservation of energy?
 What are the different forms of energy and how
does energy transfer from one form to another?
 How is heat energy transferred and
how does the amount of heat energy affect the
molecules’ kinetic energy?

FACTS I SHOULD REMEMBER:

POTENTIAL ENERGY

Potential energy is that energy which an object has because of its position. It is called potential energy because it
has the potential to be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy. Potential energy is usually
denoted by the capital letter U in equations or sometimes by PE.

Potential energy may also refer other forms of stored energy, such as energy from net electrical charge, chemical
bonds, or internal stresses.

POTENTIAL ENERGY EXAMPLES

1. A ball resting on top of a table has potential energy. This is called gravitational potential energy because it is
energy the object gains from its vertical position. The more massive an object is, the greater its gravitational
potential energy.

2. A drawn bow and a compressed spring also have potential energy. This is elastic potential energy, which results
from stretching or compressing an object. For elastic materials, increasing the amount of stretch raises the amount
of stored energy. Springs have energy when stretched or compressed.

Chemical bonds may also have potential energy, as electrons can move closer or further away from atoms. In an
electrical system, potential energy is expressed as voltage.

POTENTIAL ENERGY EQUATIONS

If you lift a mass m by h meters, its potential energy will be mgh, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

PE = mgh
For a spring, potential energy is calculated based on Hooke's Law, where the force is proportional to the length of
stretch or compression (x) and the spring constant (k):

F = kx

which leads to the equation for elastic potential energy:

PE = 0.5kx2

KINETIC ENERGY

Kinetic energy of an object is the energy it contains due to movement. If an object is at rest, it doesn't have kinetic
energy. If it is moving, then it has kinetic energy.

The amount of kinetic energy of an object is dependent upon two variables, one being the mass of the object, the
other being the speed or the velocity of the object. Let's look at an equation that will help us calculate kinetic energy
and understand the relationship of these variables. Here it is:

The equation for kinetic energy

Therefore, kinetic energy is directly proportional to both the mass of the object and the square of its speed. This is
important because small changes in speed will result in larger changes in kinetic energy. For example, if a car moves
twice as fast as another, it will contain four times as much kinetic energy. That is assuming that both cars have the
same mass - or even if you talk about the same car and it moves twice as fast, it will also have four times as much
kinetic energy.

WHAT IS POTENTIAL ENERGY?

Potential energy is stored in an object when work is done on that object. Work is done when a force moves an object
some distance to a new position. In other words, potential energy is stored in a system when something is moved
from its natural resting state.

Let's look at an example of potential energy. A mouse trap contains potential energy when the lever is forced into its
set position. Within the mouse trap, the potential energy is stored specifically within the spring. When the trap is
tripped, the potential energy is released from the spring when the trap resumes its original shape and then perhaps
catches a mouse. Potential energy can be stored in other devices as well, such as tires on your car, the shock
absorbers on your car, and even wrecking balls that are used to tear down buildings. Metal beams that are used to
construct buildings also contain potential energy.

At a much smaller level, potential energy is stored in chemicals. This chemical potential energy is related to the
arrangement of the chemicals. The arrangement may be a result of bonds that hold an individual chemical together,
or the arrangement could be the arrangement of different chemicals that are existing together within a system. Let's
look at a couple of examples. Gasoline is a chemical. That's obviously what we use to run our automobiles. When
gasoline is burned, these bonds within the gasoline are broken, and that releases potential energy. Likewise, our
bodies break down food chemicals to release energy.

Potential energy is stored within the spring of a mouse trap

 IN-CLASS LESSON ASSESSMENT: Completion of worksheets

END OF LESSON ASSESSMENT:

References:

1.https://www.thoughtco.com/power-2699001

2.https://www.thoughtco.com/work-2699023

3. https://www.thoughtco.com/main-energy-forms-and-examples-609254