HEX. NUT LOCK SCREW PH) LOCK SCREW STUD Figure 5-18. Relief valve, Courtesy of Farris Safety-Reliet Valves. service liquid commodities and are designed to open pro- portionally, that is, as pressure from the commodity increases so does the opening of the valve. The higher the pressure, the greater the opening. The pressure safety valve, however, is used with higher pressure commodities, such as steam and gas. Pressure safety valves are designed to open completely when internal pressures exceed the setting for which the internal spring has been set. As with the relief valve, once internal pressures return to operational levels the valve will close itself. Figure 5-19 provides drawing symbols used to represent the relief valve and pressure safety valve. Control Valves ‘The control valve is an automated valve that can make precise adjustments to regulate and monitor any commodity flowing through a piping system. The most common valve body style used as a control valve is the globe valve. Although many other body styles are used, the globe valve provides the most effective means to regu- late and control flow. Control valves use signals received, from instruments positioned throughout the piping system, to automatically make adjustments that regulate the com- modity within the pipe. Though control valves can per- form many functions, they are typically used to control the flow of a commodity within a pipe or to limit its pres- sure, Figure 5-20 shows the drawing symbols for a con- trol valve. Control valves must be arranged within a run of pipe so that they can be easily operated. To achieve this, control valve manifolds are configured. Control valve manifolds, make control valves readily accessible to plant workers. Control valve manifolds are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 12: Piping Systems. Figure 5-21 shows a typical control valve manifold.