Warnings and typical solutions –

For one stage systems

Design warning Solutions
Max. element permeate flow exceeded 3, 5, 7, 11

The concentrate flow less than minimum 1, 5, 4 together with 6

The feed flow greater than maximum 2 unless the feed flow is fixed, 3

Maximum feed pressure exceeded 1, 3, 8

Temperature is above acceptable value 10

Max. element recovery exceeded:

• If the problem is encountered in front elements 1, 5, 6, 11
• If the problem is encountered in rear elements 1, 5, 6

Solutions Guide
1 Decrease system recovery
Increase the number of elements Reduce Temp (recommend
6 per PV (keeping the same APF*) 10 customer to reduce temp during
2 Increase system recovery pretreatment).

Reduce average system flux (add

3 membranes, PV)
Reduce number of PV (increasing
4 average system flux)
Enable a recirculation loop Pass 1
5 Conc to Pass 1 Feed (normally not
used for SW appl.)
7 Decrease the number of elements
per PV (keeping the same APF*) 11 Combine two element types: lower
energy elements in rear positions
(ISD configuration)
Install lower energy membranes or
8 ISD with lower energy membranes
*APF – Average Permeate Flux
**PV=Pressure vessel
1
 Warnings and typical solutions –
For multistage systems
Design warning Solutions
Max. element permeate flow exceeded 3, (5), 6, 10, 13
1, 4, (5), 6, 7, (10 and 11
The concentrate flow less than minimum
only for the 1st stage)

The feed flow greater than maximum in any of the stages 2, 3

Maximum feed pressure exceeded 1, 3, 9
Temperature is above acceptable value 12
Max. element recovery exceeded:
• If the problem is encountered in front elements (front stage/s) 1, (5), 6, 7, 10, 13
• If the problem is encountered in rear elements (rear stage/s) 1, (5), 7

Solutions Guide
1 Decrease system recovery

6 Add backpressure in first and/or 10 Add booster pump in first or second stage
concentrate
2 Increase system recovery second stages permeate streams

3 Increase number of PV (reducing

7 Increase the number of elements per 11 Use a lower active area membrane
element (keeping the same APF)
average system flux) PV (keeping the same APF)

Reduce Temp (recommend customer to

4 Reduce number of PV (increasing
8 Decrease the number of elements per 12 reduce temp during pretreatment).
average system flux) PV (keeping the same APF)

Enable a recirculation loop: Pass
5 1 Conc to Pass 1 Feed (normally
not used for SW appl.)
Combine two element types: lower energy
9 Install lower energy membranes or 13 elements in second or third stages
ISD with lower energy membranes
2 *APF – Average Permeate Flux
PV=Pressure Vessel