Bug Name Manifestations Identifying Properties Culture / Tests Virulence Vaccine / Rx

Staphylococcus Aureus Food Poisoning GRAM(+) COCCI in Hot-Cold Hemolysin Coagulase beta-Lactamase
clusters Test: beta-Hemolysin Penicillin
Scalded Skin lyses at 4C Exfoliatin Resistance
Syndrome Catalase(+)
Mannitol-Salt TSS-Toxin
TSS Syndrome beta-HEMOLYTIC -- Agar for fecal
Only at 4C specimens Protein-A (Type-IV
Furuncle, Carbuncle Hypersensitivity)
COAGULASE(+)
Bacteremia, Ribitol Phosphate
Osteomyelitis, MANNITOL Peptidoglycan (Type-I
Endocarditis fermenting Hypersensitivity)

Staphylococcus Symptomatic UTI's. GRAM(+) COCCI in

Saprophyticus Selectively adheres to clusters
transitional epithelium.
Catalase(+)

Coagulase (-)

Non-Mannitol
Fermenting

Urease(+)

Staphylococcus Catheter infections GRAM(+) COCCI in Surface Glycocalyx

Epidermidis leading to local infection clusters
or bacteremia No Protein A
Catalase(+)

Coagulase (-)

Non-Mannitol
Fermenting

Urease(-)

Bacillus Anthracis ANTHRAX: Zoonotic, GRAM(+) ROD, large Methylene blue stain Poly-d-Glutamic Cattle Vaccine:
cattle with square end shows thin capsule Acid ProteinCapsule Attenuated strain

Cutaneous eschar Zoonotic Medusa-Head Anthrax Toxin: Human Vaccine:

(malignant pustule) Colonies Protective Antigen, at-risk people get
Penicillin-Susceptible -- Edema Factor, Lethal multiple shots of
Pulmonary Anthrax string of pearls formation Factor. toxoid alone.

GI Anthrax (other gamma-Phage susceptible

countries)

Septicemia

Bacillus Cereus Food Poisoning: Refried GRAM(+) ROD Emetic Toxin (early beta-Lactamase
beans and rice vomiting)
Penicillin-Resistant -- Cephalosporinase
Opportunistic chains of rods Diarrheal Toxin (late
nosocomial bacteremia diarrhea, heat resistant)
gamma-Phage resistant

Bacillus Subtilis Heroin users at risk -- GRAM(+) ROD

cutaneous lesions
Penicillin-Resistant

Francisella Tularensis TULAREMIA: GRAM(-) ROD: Cystine Agar Intracellular parasite of Vaccine: Live
Zoonotic, rabbits Coccobacillus Required -- notify macrophages attenuated
lab organism for at
Ulceroglandular, Facultative Intracellular Capsule risk individuals
oculoglandular, Parasite 3 days to culture.
typhoidal, pneumonic Longer than usual

Painful suppuration of High antibody titer.

lymph nodes Cross-rxn
 with Yersinia

Yersinia Pestis PLAGUE: Sylvatic, GRAM(-) ROD Special transport Fibrinolysin to dissolve
Bubonic, Pneumonic, medium to protect the clot.
Septicemic Facultative Intracellular handlers.
Parasite (due to V & W YOP's
antigens)
V & W antigens allow
replication inside
macrophages.

Streptococcus Scarlet Fever GRAM(+) COCCI in Todd-Hewitt Broth Superantigen Penicillin-G is

Pyogenes (Group A) chains of 8 to 4 shows diffuse turbidity Erythrogenic Toxin treatment of
Pyoderma (Impetigo, down side of tube A (SEA) causes TSS- choice.
Erysipela) BACITRACIN- Like Syndrome
SENSITIVE Colonies go from
Pharyngitis Mucoid (capsule) ---- Erythrogenic
CATALASE (-): Does --> Smooth (capsule Toxin causes Scarlet
Bacteremia not bubble H2O2 in breaks down) ------> Fever.
water. Rough (protein)
Non- Streptolysin O
Suppurative:Rheumatic beta-HEMOLYSIS: ASO-Testidentifies
Fever, Larger zones. Streptolysin-O M-Protein:
Glomerulonephritis Immunogenic, protective
antibodies. 85 types.

DNAse Type-B:
Diagnostic for non-
suppurative sequelae

Streptococcus Leading cause GRAM(+) CAMP Test:Mix Type-III capsular

Agalactiae (Group B) ofNeonatal DIPLOCOCCI with Staphand it antigen is associated
Meningitis (up to 3 augments the zone of with meningitis.
months) BACITRACIN- beta-Hemolysis
RESISTANT
5 serotypes. Type III
beta-HEMOLYSIS: associated with
Small zones meningitis.

CATALASE (-)

Streptococcus Equi(Group Major pathogen of GRAM(+) COCCI ASO-Testidentifies Streptolysin O

C) horses Streptolysin-O
CATALASE (-) Streptokinase:
Cellulitis from skin Agglutination with Antigenically distinct
breaks Group-C antigens from StrepA.

Streptococcus Bovis Respiratory GRAM(+) COCCI Penicillin

(Group D) Peritoneal infections CATALASE (-)

alpha-HEMOLYTIC:
Green, partial hemolysis

Penicillin-Sensitive

Enterococcus Faecalis Complication of GRAM-VARIABLE Grows in the presence Lipoteichoic Acid: Penicillin-Binding
cholecystitis. COCCI of bile. Lots of lipid leads to Proteins: Strong
(Strep Group D) gram-variable Penicillin-
Gi obstruction ------> CATALASE (-) Blood agar with bile appearance. resistance
bacteremia, and 6.5% NaCl
endocarditis. Penicillin-Resistant
Variable hemolysis in
culture

Streptococci Group G Cellulitis GRAM(+) COCCI ASO-Testidentifies Streptolysin O

Streptolysin-O
Synovitis CATALASE (-) Streptokinase

Bacteremia, DNAse
Endocarditis

Viridians Streptococci Periodontal GRAM(+) COCCI Optochin Disk Test: Penicillin resistant
Diseaseopportunistic Grows in the presence
 pathogen CATALASE (-) of optochin.

Bacteremia will lead to alpha-HEMOLYTIC

endocarditis
OPTOCHIN-
RESISTANT

Streptococcus PNEUMONIA GRAM(+) Very large capsule = Thick Capsule. 85 Pneumo-Vac

Pneumoniae(Pneumococcus) DIPLOCOCCI, Lancet- colonies with halo. types; some are Vaccine: Only the
Rusty Sputum Shaped bacteremic. most virulent
Autolysis = middle of (bacteremic)
Sudden onset, with OPTOCHIN- colony sunken in. Amidase causes blood groups.
resolution by crisis SENSITIVE autolysis Given to old,
Serology: CIE Diabetic, HIV,
Pericarditis, Empyema, Pneumolysin- splenectomy,
Pleurisy Oreleased upon COPD.
autolysis: cytotoxin and
Bacteremia anti-PMN Penicillin is still
effective
Otitis Media in infants Forssman Antigen:
Inhibits amidase and
autolysis.

Haemophilus Influenzae INFANTILE GRAM (-) ROD, Short Chocolate Agar LOS Coat: High beta-Lactamase
MENINGITIS -- #1 Pleomorphic. molecular weight is Penicillin
cause in kids 6-24 Absolute Growth more serum-resistant. Resistance
months Types a-f: Type-B is Requirements:
most virulent. There are Hemin Precursor and Capsule: Polyribitol DPT Vaccine
Epiglottitis also non-typable strains NAD phosphate. Antibodies containing Hib-
are protective; infants conjugate --
Cellulitis Filde's Agar: susceptible once Diphtheria toxoid
enzymatically lysed maternal antibodies are plus poly-ribitol
Bacteremia RBC's. gone. phosphate.

Otitis Media and Satellite IgA Protease Vaccine given at

Pneumonia in non- Growth aroundStaph 2, 4, and 6
typable strains Aureus months.

Quellung
Reactionagainst type-
B

Bordetella Pertussis WHOOPING GRAM (-) ROD, Collect with Filamentous DPT Vaccine at 2,
COUGH: Bugs infect Pleomorphic. nasopharyngeal swab Hemagglutinin (FHA): 4, and 6 months.
cilia of upper airway that contains no Sticks to cilia
OBLIGATE AEROBE cotton. Specimen Initial shots are
Bugs should be inoculated at bed- Capsule methiolate-killed
collected side whole organisms
duringCatarrhal Pertactin
Stage of infection Bordeau-Gangeau Boosters at 15
Platerequired for Pertussis Toxin: months and 6
Lymphocytosis found culture -- must notify Blocks Gi to yield years: Pertussin
during Paroxysmal lab increased cAMP. toxoid + FHA
Stage Causes histamine
Toluidine-blue on sensitization,
gram-stain lymphocytosis, and
hypoglycemia.
Direct-FA can be
done on culture only.

Corynebacterium DIPHTHERIA: GRAM (+) RODS, Blood-Tellurite Tox-gene is phage- DPT Vaccine
Diphtheriae Slender Agarspecific for mediated and regulated
Bull neck Diphtheria andStaph by genome. Only Formalin-
Ernst-Babes activated by absence inactivated toxoid,
Pseudomembranous Bodiesfound on Coagulated Serum of iron. with alum added
Necrosis of throat methylene blue stain Agarused to test for
presence of toxin, Diphtheria Toxinbinds Shick Test used
Systemic Toxemia: goes which will show to EL-2 to stop protein to determine
to heart, nerves, kidney creamy colonies synthesis. Deadly once which vaccine to
inside the cell. give.
Precipitin Test: Test
for presence of toxin. Cornymycolic Acid Hypersensitive
Compare before and folks get the
 after administration of ammonium
antitoxin. vaccine.

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Alcoholic, Malnourished GRAM(-) ROD Selective Medium Thick Capsule = beta-Lactamase
PNEUMONIA. Focal extremely mucinous
lung abscesses LACTOSE (+)
Enterotoxin
Bacteremia
Endotoxin
Wound infections

UTI

Legionella Pneumophila LEGIONNAIRE'S GRAM(-) ROD Dieterle Silver Facultative Intracellular beta-Lactamase
DISEASE Stain. Does not stain Parasite
Facultative Intracellular otherwise.
non-communicable Parasite of PMN's Catalase
Direct-FA for Group
Dry, non-productive 14 Serotypes. Group 1 is 1 Metalloprotease
cough most common
CYSTEINEabsolutely
Pulmonary fibrinous Catalase (+) required for culture --
exudate. Multifocal notify lab!
lesions
Culture takes 3-5
Toxemia days.

Pontiac Fever is milder

form

Mycobacterium TUBERCULOSIS ACID-FAST ROD N-Acetylcysteine will Catalase, Peroxidase Multi-Drug

Tuberculosis free bugs from Resistance
Very small number Obligate Intracellular macrophages Cord Factor = (MDR) is a
needed to infect Parasite virulence problem
Culture takes 3 to 8
Hilar lymphadenopathy Strict Aerobe weeks! Wax-D is an adjuvant PPD Skin Test:
> 10 mm is
Granulomas in lung Produces Niacin Lowenstein-Jensen Siderophore: Exochelin positive; < 5 is
Medium: inhibit + Mycobactin negative.
Miliary Tuberculosis normal flora, plus
penicillin Tuberculin: antigenic BCG
Reactivation Vaccinemostly in
Tuberculosis Liquid Bactecis faster Arabinogalactan: other countries -
method hypersensitivity - live attenuated
bugs.
Luciferase
Gene used for Isoniazid is
susceptibility testing popular drug

Mycobacterium Bovis TUBERCULOSIS ACID-FAST ROD Same as M. Same as M. Same as M.

Tuberculosis TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSIS
Obligate Intracellular
Parasite

Strict Aerobe

Does not produce

Niacin

Mycobacterium Kansasii ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD

Pulmonary Disease with Obligate Intracellular

single cavitation. Parasite

Group 1 MAC:
Photochromogenic.

Cross-reacting with PPD

Mycobacterium Marinum ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD

Infected from water or Obligate Intracellular

pools; cutaneous skin Parasite
 lesions
Group 1 MAC:
Photochromogenic

Cross-reacting with PPD

Mycobacterium ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD

Scrofulaceum
Obligate Intracellular
Parasite

Group 2 MAC:
Scotochromogenic

Mycobacterium Avium- MAI ACID-FAST ROD SENSITIN SKIN

Intracellulare(MAC) TEST: Can be used to
Oral portal of entry ---- Obligate Intracellular distinguish with
--> GI-Tract ------> Parasite Tuberculosis. It cross
Bacteremia reacts, but look for the
Group 3 MAC: Non- test that has a bigger
Prevalent with HIV chromogenic diameter.

Mycobacterium Fortuitum ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD

Cutaneous abscess Obligate Intracellular

Parasite

Group 4 MAC: Rapid

Grower

Mycobacterium Ulcerans ATYPICAL MAC ACID-FAST ROD

Obligate Intracellular
Parasite

MAC: Non-Runyon
slow grower

Mycobacterium Leprae LEPROSY ACID-FAST ROD Has never been Phenolic glycolipid is
grown in culture key antigen
Tuberculoid Leprosy Obligate Intracellular
Parasite Can be harvested in CD8-Suppressor cells
Lepromatous Leprosy armadillos or mouse involved in Lepromatous
(Anergic) footpads. response.

Skin-test available
(antigen derived from
armadillos) to indicate
prognosis

Yersinia Enterocolitica Watery Diarrhea GRAM(-) ROD Enrichment Invasin Gene

broth used before
(Enterobacteriaceae) Mesenteric Adenitis (5- collecting, due to low YOP-1, including
15 yrs old) number of collecting Mannose-resistant
organisms. hemagglutinin
Terminal Ileitis (15-20
yrs old) Cold Incubation Yad-A adherence
Temperature: 28C protein
Diarrhea
Arithrotigenic Factor:
HLA-B27 arthritis for HLA B27 arthritis

Enterotoxin
simulates cGMP

Campylobacter Jejuni Invasive GRAM(-) ROD, Wavy High Incubation Antigenic Diversity
Gastroenteritis Temperature: 42C -
(Enterobacteriaceae) MICROAEROPHILIC - must notify lab Enterotoxin: Heat-labile,
Crypt abscesses stimulates cAMP.
hemorrhagic necrosis. MOTILE Campy Agar
Cytotoxin
NON-LACTOSE
FERMENTING
Campylobacter Fetus Bacteremia, going to GRAM(-) ROD, Wavy Campy Agar Facultative Intracellular
meninges, lungs, and Parasite of vascular
(Enterobacteriaceae) joints MICROAEROPHILIC Low Incubation endothelial cells.
Temperature: 25C -
Suppurative (early) and MOTILE - must notify lab Antigenic Diversity
Rheumatoid (late)
arthritis NON-LACTOSE Protein Capsule
FERMENTING
No GI Manifestations

Helicobacter Pylori PEPTIC ULCER GRAM(-) ROD, Wavy Normal Incubation Flagellum Three antibiotics
DISEASE -- Type-B Temperature: 28C plus Bisthmus as a
(Enterobacteriaceae) (inflammatory) Gastritis MICROAEROPHILIC Mucinase stomach coating.
Campy Agar
MOTILE Catalase
Urea Breath Test:
NON-LACTOSE Breathe out Oxidase
FERMENTING radiolabeled C.
Urease
CATALASE (+)

UREASE (+)

Clostridium Difficile Pseudomembranous GRAM(+) ROD Toxin Assaydone on Exotoxin-A: Damages High relapse rate
Colitis fecal filtrate. Not all intestinal mucosa to treatment
OBLIGATE specimens contain
Endogenous infection: ANAEROBE toxin. Exotoxin-B: AB-toxin
antibiotics disrupts cytoskeleton.

Exogenous infection:
nosocomial

Escherichia Coli EPEC: Traveler's GRAM(-) ROD Selective Medium: Labile Toxin (LT):
Diarrhea Inhibits Gram (+) Kicks out the water
(Enterobacteriaceae) LACTOSE- strains and contains (cAMP). In small
ETEC: Watery FERMENTING lactose intestine.
Diarrhea
MOTILE Stable Toxin (ST):
EIEC: Dysentery Prevents the water from
MANNOSE- coming back in
EHEC: Hemolytic SENSITIVE (cGMP). In small
Uremic Syndrome HEMAGGLUTININ intestine.
(HUS) (F1)
Verotoxin:(EIEC)
Neonatal F2-F10: Pili antigens Shiga-Like toxin is
Meningitis (less than 3 areMannose-Resistant cytotoxic and works in
months) -- #2 cause the colon.
B Flagellar subtype
reported with meningitis Invasin

Hemolysin is an EHEC
strand.

Shigella DYSENTERY -- GRAM(-) ROD Special transport Hemolysin Must treat with
ulcerative colitis. medium antibiotics
(Enterobacteriaceae) NON-MOTILE required.Shigella is Actin-polymerization
Communicable andvery killed by the organic mechanism to get into
low infective dose. NON-LACTOSE acid byproducts of other cells.
FERMENTING normal flora.
Shiga Toxin (S.
Dysenteriae only):
Removes adenine from
the 28s rRNA and
irreversibly inactivates
protein synthesis at 60s
ribosomal subunit.

Salmonella Enterocolitica Enterocolitis: Non- GRAM(-) ROD Selective Medium Flagellum (H antigen)
bloody diarrhea including bileand
(Enterobacteriaceae) MOTILE lactose. Polysaccharide (O
Large infective dose Antigen)
NON-LACTOSE Bugs like bile.
No bacteremia FERMENTING Capsule (K Antigen)
 MANNOSE- Pili: Mannose-sensitive
SENSITIVE hemagglutinins
HEMAGGLUTININ
LPS Endotoxin
High antigenic diversity.
Enterotoxin similar to E.
Biphasic expression of the Coli
flagellar antigen.
Cytotoxin in colon

Salmonella Typhi TYPHOID FEVER GRAM(-) ROD Selective medium Vi Capsular Antigen: May need
containing lactose Antiphagocytic, serum- cholecystectomy.
(Enterobacteriaceae) Constipation MOTILE andbile. resistant. Enhances
survival inside TAB Vaccine:
Then bacteremia, NON-LACTOSE monocytes. For travelers,
sustained fever FERMENTING short-term passive
Endotoxin protection against
Rose-spot rashes Facultative Intracellular Vi antigen.
Parasite of monocytes Flagellar Antigen:
Diarrhea Biphasic expression

Carrier state for up to a Outer Membrane

year after resolution Proteins: enhances
resistance to chlorinating
Organisms go from agents inside
small intestine --> RES monocytes.
--> liver --> bile ducts -
-> back to small
intestine.

Vibrio Cholerae CHOLERA: GRAM(-) ROD, comma- Transport medium Polar flagellum Live attenuated
Profusenon- shaped with long contains pH > 8to vaccine provides
(Enterobacteriaceae) invasive rice-water flagellum supress other flora. Mucinase short-term
diarrhea protection.
MOTILE Darkfield stain only. Cholera Toxin: AB-
dehydration toxin, binds to Gs- Oral rehydration
NON-LACTOSE Serology test for O1 subunit, blocking it on, therapy.
FERMENTING Serotype to test leading to high cAMP.
for Tox-gene
OXIDASE (+)
Then test forCholera
HALOPHILIC El Tor by hemolysis.
It is a less virulent
Does not grow in 8% strain.
NaCl

Vibrio Para-haemolyticus Raw shellfish GRAM(-) ROD Salty (3% NaCl) in-vivo hemolysin Not usually
selective medium treated
(Enterobacteriaceae) high infective dose HALOPHILIC

Self-limiting diarrhea Grows in 8% NaCl

Wound-infections

Escherichia Coli UTI's: #1 cause GRAM(-) ROD Mid-stream clean P-Antigen: Correlates
catch with likelihood of
(Enterobacteriaceae) LACTOSE- Pyelonephritis (Pili
FERMENTING antigen 2-10).

MOTILE K-Antigen (Capsule):

Associated with
MANNOSE- adherence to transitional
SENSITIVE epithelium.
HEMAGGLUTININ
(F1)

MANNOSE-
RESISTANT P-
ANTIGEN

Proteus Vulgaris 10-15% of Hospital GRAM(-) ROD Swarming Growth in Urease: alkaline urine Ampicillin-
Acquired UTI's culture, forming rings can lead tocalculi and Resistant. Await
(Proteaceae) UREASE (+) of growth kidney stones sensitivity test
Wound infections results
Metabolizes Lots of peritrichous
Tryptophan to Indole flagella

Pili: Adhesin in renal

pelvis

Proteus Mirabilis Same as P. Vulgaris GRAM(-) ROD Same as P. Vulgaris Same as P. Vulgaris Ampicillin-
Sensitive
(Proteaceae) UREASE (+)

Does not Metabolize

Tryptophan to Indole

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa UTI's -- 3rd most GRAM(-) ROD Blood Agar: beta- Pyocyanin: Highly drug
common cause Hemolyticblue- against Staph Aureus resistant -- big
(Pseudomonaceae) STRICT AEROBE greencolonies. problem.
Burn infection Pyoverdin: Ciliastatic,
NON-FERMENTING Direct microscopy not acquire iron
Opportunistic of all sugars helpful
pneumonia, especially Flagella: Adhere to
in CF patients. Micro- OXIDASE (+) urinary tract
abscesses seen in
lungs. Juicy-Fruit Smell Pili: Adhere to
respiratory tract
Otitis Externa Pyocins (against same
species) used in hospital Exotoxin-A: Binds to
Eye infection for typing strains. EL-2, stop protein
synthesis.

Exotoxin-S

beta-Hemolysin

Alginate: In CF
patients

Elastase

Alkaline Protease

Neisseria Gonorrhea GONORRHEA GRAM (-) Stain is only useful on PI: Complexes with PIII By law,
DIPLOCOCCI, Kidney- urethral exudate -- not to form Porin prophylactic
(Gonococcus) Bacteremia leading shaped swab. treatment for
toseptic arthritis -- #1 PII: Adhesin, neonatal
cause in young adults CATALASE (+) Thayer-Martin autoagglutination conjunctivitis.
Medium: Contains
Neonatal conjunctivitis OXIDASE (+) Vancomycin, Colistin, PIII: Complexes with Penicillin-
Nystatin, iron. PI to form Porin Resistant, due to
GLUCOSE- both beta-
FERMENTING LOS Lactamase and
altered PBP's.
NON-MALTOSE IgA Protease, two
FERMENTING types.

Facultative Intracellular Catalase, Superoxide

Parasite Dismutase, Peroxidase

Hemophilus Ducreyi CHANCROID: GRAM(-) ROD Chocolate Agar, but Pili beta-Lactamase
difficult to grow. Penicillin Resistant
Painful

Purulent Exudate

Non-indurated

Treponema Pallidum SYPHILIS: SPIROCHETE Cannot be cultured Hyaluronidase. Jerisch-

Herxheimer
Primary Syphilis: RPR Test: IgG against Little known because it Reaction:
cardiolipin, lecithin, hasn't been grown in Systemic illness
Painless and cholesterol culture. from killing bugs
with Penicillin in
 Serous Exudate FTA Test: Antibody asymptomatic
against the bug itself patients.
Indurated
FTA-Absorbed: More
Secondary Syphilis: specific and diagnostic
Rash

Tertiary Syphilis

Neisseria Meningitidis MENINGITIS GRAM (-) COCCI Quellung Capsule: Thickand Vaccine for
Reaction to look for antiphagocytic military recruits,
(Meningococcus) #2 cause of infantile CATALASE (+) Type-B not including
meningitis (6 months - LPS: Induces Type-B.
24 months) OXIDASE (+) CIE, Latex Shwartzman reaction,
Agglutination leading to rash and
Bacteremia leads to GLUCOSE- necrosis.
rash with lots of bugs in FERMENTING Thayer-Martin
it. Medium Pili
MALTOSE-
FERMENTING IgA Protease

Serotypes: Type-B is Iron-uptake by energy

most virulent -- we don't dependent mechanism.
make antibodies to it.

Brucella BRUCELLOSIS, GRAM (-) ROD: Brucella Agaris Catalase

UNDULATING Coccobacillus selective and
FEVER containsErythritol. LPS
CATALASE (+)
Taken up by fixed 5'-GMP and Adenine:
macrophages in RES/ OXIDASE (+) inhibit release of
Occasionally released peroxidase in
back into bloodstream Facultative Intracellular macrophages.
Parasite of Macrophages

Listeria Monocytogenes LISTERIOSIS GRAM (+) ROD Blood Agar: Small Listeriolysin-
colonies, narrow zone O:Cytotoxic,
Neonatal and in-utero Facultative Intracellular of beta-hemolysis. hemolytic
disease. Parasite of Macrophages
Can grow in cold Actin polymerization to
Tropic for CNS beta-Hemolytic infect neighboring cells

Bacteremia: meningitis Cell Wall Lipid

and endocarditis

Aseptic meningitis and

rash as sequelae

Leptospira Interrogans LEPTOSPIROSIS SPIROCHETE Dark Microscopy: Cell Wall Lipids= Dog Vaccine
Two axial filaments 25% of dry weight of
Liver, kidneys, CNS beta-Hemolytic per pole with hook at cell. LPS-like
end. symptoms
Tropic for endothelial
cells in the CSF Hemolysin

Carried in animals' urine Surface antigens

Borrelia Recurrentis RELAPSING SPIROCHETE Dark Field Antigenic Shift

FEVER Microscopy: 15-20
MICROAEROPHILIC axial filaments per
Spread by head lice. pole.

Can be visible under

light microscope

Borrelia Burgdorferi LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETE Dark Field: 7-11 Outer Membrane Bugs probably
flagella at each pole, Proteins: Polyclonal killed by Ab +
Spread by Dear Tick MICROAEROPHILIC but no axial filaments. activation of B-Cells, Complement (few
responsible for PMN's).
Erythema Chronicum Kelly's Medium: sequelae.
Migrans Enriched agar with Rx = Penicillin
fatty acids.
Later: Neurological,
cardiac, rheumatoid.
 Strong immunologic
sequelae

Bacteroides Fragilis PID STRICT Anaerobic Transport Capsule Surgically drain

AEROTOLERANT Medium required abscesses
(Enterobacteriaceae) Peritonitis ANAEROBE LPS, not as bad as E.
Direct FA COLI
Sustained Bacteremia CATALASE (+)
Gas-liquid
chromatography

Clostridium Perfringens GAS GANGRENE: GRAM (+) ROD, Spore- Stain: Rods with Very fast replicating Antibiotics.
Type-A Forming square ends and a
capsule. Alpha Toxin: Hyperbaric
Necrotizing Enteritis: STRICT Lecithinase, responsible oxygen treatment.
Type-C AEROTOLERANT Egg-Yolk Agar: for zone of incomplete
ANAEROBE Lecithin is present to hemolysis
Food-Poisoning: Type- test for lecithinase.
A Beta Toxin: Cytotoxin,
Double-Zoneof responsible for
hemolysis. necrotizing enteritis.

Theta Toxin: Oxygen

labile hemolysin,
responsible for smaller
zone of hemolysis.

Enterotoxin: Only
released upon
hemolysis.

Clostridium Tetani TETANUS: Spastic GRAM (+) ROD, Spore- Diagnosis is clinical -- Tetanospasmin:Blocks Alum-precipitated
Paralysis and forming not by culture release of GABA and Toxoid given at 2,
respiratory failure Glycine at post-synaptic 4, 6, 18 months
STRICT ANAEROBE Swarming Growth in terminal
culture. Boosters every 10
Somatic Antigen O has years are
only one serotype, so ammonium-ppt
virus is easy.
Give both vaccine
and antitoxin for
treatment.

Clostridium Botulinum BOTULISM: Food, GRAM (+) ROD, Spore- Blood Agar. Heat to Botulin Toxin:Most Alum-ppt toxoid
infantile, and wound forming boiling to induce potent toxin known to available for lab
botulism. sporulation. man. Acetylcholine workers.
STRICT ANAEROBE blocker. Heat-labile.
Gastric lavage and
antitoxin
administered as
Rx

Coxiella Q FEVER: No rash, STRICT Tetracycline

insect-vector INTRACELLULAR
(Rickettsiaceae) PARASITE of
endothelial cells.

Ehrlichia(Rickettsiaceae) Arthropod-vectored, STRICT Tetracycline

infects WBC's INTRACELLULAR
PARASITE of
endothelial cells.

Rickettsia Rickettsiae ROCKY STRICT Egg or Tissue Culture LPS Tetracycline.

MOUNTAIN INTRACELLULAR
(Rickettsiaceae) SPOTTED FEVER: PARASITE of Direct-FA on Phospholipase: Helps
Prominent Rash + endothelial cells. endothelial cells bugs get into endothelial
Endotoxin symptoms. cells.

Actin-polymerization for
cell-to-cell infection.

Chlamydia Trachomatis CHLAMYDIA OBLIGATE Iodine test for ATPase Tetracycline

INTRACELLULAR inclusion bodies
(Chlamydiaceae) Lymphogranuloma PARASITE containing glycogen -- ATP-ADP By law
 Venereum stains brown Translocase Prophylaxis for
Stains brown with Iodine infantile blindness.
Leading cause of Take scrapings and Cylindrical
preventable blindness in No Peptidoglycan look for inclusion Projections to get
the world. Layer bodies in epithelia. nutrients.

A-C: Keratoconjunctivitis LPS: Just antigenic, not

endotoxic.
D-K: Chlamydia

L1-L3: Lymphogranuloma
Venereum

Chlamydia Pneumonia Walking Pneumonia: OBLIGATE Tetracycline

infects columnar INTRACELLULAR
(Chlamydiaceae) epithelium of upper PARASITE
airway
No Peptidoglycan
Layer

Chlamydia Psittaci PSITTACOSIS: Dry OBLIGATE Iodine Test is Tetracycline

hacking cough, severe INTRACELLULAR negative.
(Chlamydiaceae) CNS symptoms PARASITE
(headache). Indirect FA
No Peptidoglycan
Layer

Does not stain brown with

Iodine

Mycoplasma Pneumonia WALKING OBLIGATE Biphasic Enriched P1 Protein: Adhesin for Tetracycline
PNEUMONIA: INTRACELLULAR Broth/Agar GI, UG, respiratory
(Mycoplasmaceae) Monocytic response. PARASITE epithelia. Gliding
Ciliastatic in upper Cholesterol required motility.
airway like Whooping Needs Cholesterol, for Growth
Cough. nucleotides for growth
Cold-Agglutination
Bullous Myringitis in Antibody Test:
adults Agglutinates with
Type-O blood-group
antigen in the cold.

Complement Fixation
test

Ureaplasma Urealytica Urethritis, maybe OBLIGATE Add a pH indicator to Urease Tetracycline

asymptomatic. INTRACELLULAR medium to test for
(Mycoplasmaceae) PARASITE Urease degradation.

UREASE (+)

Needs Cholesterol,
nucleotides for growth