1 Response to childlabour

Child Labour will be marked around the world with activities to

raise awareness that Education is the right response to child
labour.

 Education for all children at least to the minimum age of

employment.
 Education policies that address child labour by provision of
properly resourced quality education and skills training.
 Education to promote awareness on the need to tackle
child labour.
2Task Force for Culture

 Paris, 15 February—UNESCO’s Director-General, Irina

Bokova, and the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Paolo
Gentiloni, will sign an agreement on the establishment of a
Task Force of cultural heritage experts in the framework of
UNESCO’s global coalition Unite for Heritage on 16 February
in Rome.
Under the agreement, UNESCO will be able to ask the Italian
Government to make experts of the Task Force available for
deployment for the conservation of cultural heritage affected
by crises.
The agreement is a landmark in the development of
UNESCO’s global coalition Unite for Heritage, which was
launched in June 2015 during the annual meeting of the World
Heritage Committee in Bonn (Germany). UNESCO hopes that
other countries will take similar steps to reinforce the
international community’s ability to respond to the growing
threats facing cultural heritage in different parts of the world.
 “The agreement is a major and innovative step in our effort to
gain recognition for the importance of cultural heritage...
 Paris, 15 February—UNESCO’s Director-General, Irina
Bokova, and the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Paolo
Gentiloni, will sign an agreement on the establishment of a
Task Force of cultural heritage experts in the framework of
UNESCO’s global coalition Unite for Heritage on 16 February
in Rome.
 Under the agreement, UNESCO will be able to ask the Italian
Government to make experts of the Task Force available for
deployment for the conservation of cultural heritage affected
by crises.
 The agreement is a landmark in the development of
UNESCO’s global coalition Unite for Heritage, which was
launched in June 2015 during the annual meeting of the World
Heritage Committee in Bonn (Germany). UNESCO hopes that
other countries will take similar steps to reinforce the
international community’s ability to respond to the growing
threats facing cultural heritage in different parts of the world.
3 Definition: Political Environment

Political Environment is the state, government and its institutions and

legislations and the public and private stakeholders who operate and interact
with or influence the system. The political atmosphere should be good and very
stable for a firm to operate successfully. Political Environment forms the basis
of business environment in a country. If the policies of government are stable
and better then businesses would get impacted in a positive way and vice versa.
Changes in government often results in changes in policy.
Example: -

 The policies made by the government have a significant impact on any

company’s international market
 Also the tax rates decided by the government impact the firms in different ways
 Promotion of self-business by the government

4
Demography of child lobour
 The government last month amended child
labour laws allowing children below 14 to work
in family businesses and the entertainment
industry (excluding circuses) to create “a balance
between the need for education for a child and
reality of the socio-economic condition and
social fabric in the country.” The amendment
also introduced a new definition of
“adolescents”—children between 14 and 18 years
of age—and barred them from working in any
hazardous industry. On the World Day Against
Child Labour, Mint looks at 10 hard-hitting
statistics on the issue of child labour in India.

 1) One in every 11 children in India is working.

 2) Child labour has been decreasing at an

abysmal rate of 2.2% per year from 2001 to 2011,
as per an analysis of census data by non-
governmental organization CRY (Child Rights
and You).

 3) 80% of working children are based in rural

areas and three out of four of these children
 work in agriculture, as cultivators or in
household industries, most of which are home-
based employments.

 4) More than half of the 5.5 million working

children in India are concentrated in five
states—Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

 5) Adolescents doing hazardous work form

20.7% of those employed in this age group, while
almost 25% of adults work in hazardous
conditions.

 6) Adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age

doing hazardous work form 62.8% of the overall
child labour population.

 7) Nearly 10% of adolescents working in

hazardous conditions are working in family
enterprises.

 8) 56% of the working adolescents are no longer

studying. And 70% of those in hazardous
conditions are not studying.

 9) More boys (38.7 million) than girls (8.8

million) are involved in hazardous work.
 10) While the incidence of hazardous work
among adolescents is highest in Nicaragua, the
number of adolescents in hazardous work is
greatest in India (2.4 million).

5
What is the Economic Environment of Business?
 Economic Environment refers to all those economic
factors, which have a bearing on the functioning of a
business. Business depends on the economic
environment for all the needed inputs. It also depends
on the economic environment to sell the finished goods.
Naturally, the dependence of business on the economic
environment is total and is not surprising because, as it
is rightly said, business is one unit of the total economy.
 Economic environment influences the business to a
great extent. It refers to all those economic factors
which affect the functioning of a business unit.
Dependence of business on economic environment is
total — i.e. for input and also to sell the finished goods.
Trained economists supplying the Macro economic
forecast and research are found in major companies in
manufacturing, commerce and finance which prove the
importance of economic environment in business. The
following factors constitute economic environment of
business:
 (a) Economic system

(b) Economic planning

(c) Industry
(d) Agriculture
(e) Infrastructure
 (f) Financial & fiscal sectors
(g) Removal of regional imbalances
(h) Price & distribution controls
(i) Economic reforms
(j) Human resource and
(k) Per capita income and national income


6 Economic crisis
The paper examines the likely impact of economic crisis on child labour. It argues
that the paucity of conclusive research on this subject results from an over-
simplified focus on child labour as an economic phenomenon without
consideration of the behavioural context in which child labour occurs. Family
behaviours at times of crisis, when heads of household are making coping
decisions and reviewing the allocation of their own and their children’s time, are
crucial to understanding why some families send a child into labour and others do
not, even where their socioeconomic profiles may be identical. The paper makes a
number of recommendations, including the need for further development of the
economic/behavioural model; improved comprehensive and disaggregated data
on child labour; investment in safety nets; policies and programmes targeted at
influencing family decisions in favour of children’s education and protection from
child labour; and more refined targeting of vulnerable populations linked to these
policies.