Plumbing: 10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C.

Alley. 3 meters with walk, not less than 2 meters. 11. Plastic or synthetic pipe.
Alter or alteration. change use or material. Choice of pipe:
Back pressure. (drainage) air pressure in drainage pipe greater than atmospheric pressure. 1. Quality.
Back flow. (water) flow of water in water system from other sources other than its water 2. Cost of installation.
source, also called back siphonage. a. Labor.
Back siphonage. for drainage and water. b. Material.
3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
Back vent pipe. also called individual vents, F C O (floor clean out) for 1st floor, W C O (wall 4. Durability.
clean out) for 2nd floor and up, diameter for individual vents is 2 to 3 inches and drainage line is 4
inches. Reason of C I S P for drainage:
1. Easy drainage installation.
Ball cock. faucet opened and closed by a ball floating on the water, also called ball cock valve. 2. Availability.

Ball joint. for W C without water storage tank, a cup like shell, ball in cup-like shell that allow Closing end of pipes:
movement. 1. Cap.
2. Plug.
Battery of fixtures. similar adjacent fixtures, 2 or more is called a battery.
Bell or hub. that portion of a pipe which for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive Types of flange:
the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint. 1. Drilled.
2. Blank.
Bending pin. (or iron) a tool used for straightening or expanding lead pipe. 3. Blind.

Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:

1. Slip flange.
2. Screw flange.

leaching cesspool.

Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a faucet found in service area Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of
and gardens. water.
Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories. Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use to discharge water detritus
Compression cock. and steam, one type of releif vent.
2 types of hot water tank:
Self-closing faucet. 1. Range boiler.
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to wash the genitals, also called a 2. Hot water storage tank.
sitz bath (tool bath), types:
1. Stall. Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water) branch out of the house
2. Stand. service pipe which is the largest pipe, (drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any
3. Recessed. part of the pipes not the main pipe or stack.

Materials for pipes: Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into the main at storey height, one
1. C I S P. - branch not less than 8 feet, types:
2. Acid resistant C I P. 1. soil pipe. use water closet.
3. Asbestos pipe. 2. waste. other waste water.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes.
Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).
5. Vitrified clay pipe.
Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
6. Lead pipe.
Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
7. Galvanized steel pipe.
Building drain. house drain.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available commercially).
Plumbing
Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found extending 4 or 5 feet from 3. nominal internal diameter.
interface of foundation wall.
Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting shaped like the letter "S".
building sewer.
Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run. Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time.
Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.

Ferrule. the clean out.

Catch basin. CB, for rain water retention of storm or rain water.
AD-CB. area drain, catch basin. Flat offset. used in ventillation air stack.

Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water, surface water, storm
water, waste water, or sewage.

FD. floor drain.

Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any other drain
pipe, from fixture to main drain or the junction itself.
Cesspool. a pit for the reception or detention of sewage.
Effluent. having a solid and liquid separate chamber. Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes waste water to the sewers. 3
Leeching cesspool. old waste goes down and at side. components:
1. Drainage.
Valves: 2. Waste.
3. Vent.
Check valves. automatically closes to prevent backflow or reverse direction or flow of water.
Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.
Circuit vent. a group vent extending from in front of the last fixture connection on a horizontal
branch to the vent stack, limited to 3 to 5 fixture per vent. Wet vent. stack vent.

Common vent. (dual vent or unit vent), serving 2 or more fixtures. Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug
Conductor. (downspout, rainleader, roof leads), a vertical pipe to convey rain water. is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the
Continous vent. is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain, to which the vent pipe, clean out (WCO, FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.
connects.
Corporation cock. (corporation stop, stop vault), to stop water to an individual house, connected Fixture. a receptacle attached to a plumbing system. Classification according to use:
to metering device and the water main. 1. Soil:
Coupling. a. Water closet.
Court. open unoccupied area. b. Slop sink.
Gooseneck. to prevent high pressure. c. Urinals.
Water outlet. any faucet, water closet, etcetera. 2. Scullery:
A scullery is a room in a house traditionally used for washing up dishes and
Cross connection. a physical connection between 2 system.
laundering clothes, or as an overflow kitchen when the main kitchen is
Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connections are overloaded. ...
made on the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of water or air therein. a. Kitchen sink.
b. Laundry sink.
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the fitting. c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
3. Bathing:
Diameter. types: a. Bath tub.
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper). b. Biddet.
2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera). c. Shower bath. complete assembly.

Plumbing
Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe, all branch
connected to fixture.
Fixture unit:
1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.
Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit.
WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood over which
water is expected to run.
Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the edge of the fixture or rim.
Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim
of the fixture.
Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves, the area included between
the wall exclusive of vent, shaft and sleeve.
Flush valve. W. C., directly connected with the supply.
Flushometer valve. with aid of water tank.
Gate valve. inlet, a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against
machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by
means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. the opening in the valve is
usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
Globe valve. a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against
the valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of
water, which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk, can
control gas and air.
Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 foot long and the
other end is about 3 inches long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead
connection between a service pipe and a water main.
Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per foot.
Ground water. three sources of water:
1. Rainfall. storm water.
2. Natural surface. Surface water.
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or percipitation.
Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps.
Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest point of the roof of the
building.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack, with or without
vertical sections or branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and
conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.
House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer
system.
Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage
system but discharge into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to
waste pipes.
Individual vent. back vent pipe.
Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic waste.
Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease, chemicals, and oil, grease trap.
Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical.
Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent installation.
Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand.
Length of pipe. the length as measured along.
Local vent. crude vent.
Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste pipe beyond the connection
at which liquid waste from a fixture enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with
vent stack.
Circuit. stock vent.
Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply line, main/public storm
sewer, distributing main.
Main vent. vent stack.
Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs plumbers, for residential.
Nipple.
Sanitary engineer. for large establishment.
Slope. pitch, grade, mot exceed 2 %.
Plan. must be sealed by a professional sanitary engineer.
Plasiomic valve. ball in the water closet.
Plumbing. the art and technique of installing in building pipes and fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water
or waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building, institution, factory or industrial
establishment from bring and distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.
Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and national plumbing code.
Plumbing
 Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest horizontal drain connected to the
MWSS. urban. stack.
LWVA. rural.
LOWA. local water. Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure, types:
DPWH. in charge of the sewers. 1. Wet.
2. Dry.
Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes.
Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface after a
Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the stack to its junction with the storm.
main building drain or with another branch thereof, same as lateral.
Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.
Private or private use. for private use.
Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public authority. Subsoil drain. building sub-drain.
Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement. Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained.
Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects. Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras.
Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any institution. Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain.
Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public authority, main sewer.
Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting. used
Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system. only for ventillation.
Return bend. 180 degrees turn.
Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent. Sanitary tee.
Riser. vertical pipes use only on water.
Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some vermin through a pipe.
Reservoir. water cistern.
Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system.
Union. to move one pipe only.
Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures.
Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination of human excrement and
Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve 2 traps.
liquid household waste.
Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial waste but without rain water. Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.
Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in traps. top dip
Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out. Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a plumbing system and for
reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals.
Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch.
Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system. Vent stack. for ventillation.
Vertical pipe. any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position.
Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water supply to the building served.
Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the establishments. Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid.
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community, including collection, transportation,
pumping, and treatment. Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators, etceteras. Planning:
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2 lines of hose may be 1. Location of C O:
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle. a. In every change in direction.
Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes. -negative pressure b. All horizontal pipes.
Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals. c. At every 15 feet of pipe.
Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste. 2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR.
Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell. 3. Traps:
a. House trap.
Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping. b. Grease trap.
c. Seal trap.
Plumbing
4. Soil pipe/waste pipe. 5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
5. Offset. 6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per person.

Water supply: Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90 to 1.20 meters. And is
1. Location of main line. protuded 15 centimeters from surface to overcome water infiltration.
2. Prohibition use of cross T.
3. Provision of air chamber. Types of waste:
4. Use of valves. 1. Black: feces.
2. Grey: soap.
3 types of water distribution: 3. White: rain water.
1. Upfeed system.
2. Downfeed system (gravity). 2 types of standpipes:
3. Zoning system. 1. Dry.
2. Wet.
Pipe lengths:
1. Brass pipe: 20 feet. Types of vents:
2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet. 1. Wet vent. for water.
3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet. 2. Dry vent. for air.
4. G I: 20 feet.
Types of tanks:
5. C I: 5 feet.
1. Suction type tank.
6. Cement: 1 meter.
2. Pneumatic tank.
3. Elevated tank.
3 available private disposal system:
4. House tank.
1. Cess pool.
2. Septic tank or vault. P traps:
3. Privy. 1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used in lavatories.
4. Public sewer line. 2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip, used in sinks.
Public sewer line: Moldex uses the O-ring.
1. Trunk line.
2. Tributary. Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position next to last fixture served, good
in laundry area.
Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
1. Sedimentation. Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public filtering system.
2. Anaeboric decomposition.
To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange type use gusset.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic. A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water, aerator fitting.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable water supply.
Construction and location of septic tank:
1. 15 meters away from potable water. A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the body, bidet/prosterior.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y.
A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of organic materials, with a total A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a VS or a SV.
depth of 1.50 meters.
A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.
Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters.
A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.
Technical data:
1. Minimum width: 0.90. House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends and connects with the house
2. Minimum length: 1.50. sewer. 2 types:
3. Minimum depth: 1.20. 1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).
4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person.
Plumbing
2. Sanitary drain.
The quality of drinking water from meteoric surfaces and underground sources shall conform to the
Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge large volume of water. criteria set forth by National Standards of Drinking water.

Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of water is stopped automatically
upon release of the pressure of the hand.
The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous bicarbonate (a colorless salt).
In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated storage tank.
Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by carbon monoxide and reduction
of temperature.
The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard, abatement.
It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making changes in direction.
A flush valve is a type of plumbing accessories.
In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per foot.
Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose bib.
The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.
Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and fittings.
A manhole is an access chamber for underground piping.
Sanitary sewages from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial waste water shall be
discharged directly to the nearest street sanitary sewer main in accordance with the criteria set in the
code of sanitation and the national pollution control commission.
All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the standard specs of the Philippine
standard council (PSC).
Electrical plans and specifications below 20 outlets or a capacity of 4 kw up to 600 v shall be signed
and sealed by duly licensed master electrician.
U A P is duly accredited for architects while the following:
1. Civil engineers. P I C E (Philippine institute of civil engineers).
2. Mechanical engineers. P S M E (Philippine society of mechanical engineers).
3. Electrical engineers. I I E E (institue of integrated electrical engineer).
4. Master plumbers. NAMPAP.
Color coding:
1. Water line. blue.
2. Electrical. red, orange, light gray.
3. Sanitary. Orange, brown.
All electrical system, equipment and installlation mentioned in the code shall conform to the provision
of the Philippine ekectrical code, as adopted by the board of electrical engineering persuant to R A 184
otherwise known as the electrical engineering law.
All mechanical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this code shall conform to the
provisions of the philippine mechanical engineering code, as adopted by the board of mechanical
engineering pursuant to Commonwealth Act number 294 as amended, otherwise known as the
Mechanical engineering law.

G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in length of 20 feet. Industrial establishment shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices to tone down the
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge. noise level of equipment and machineries to acceptable limits set down by the department of labor and
the national pollution control commission.
A plastic pipe for hot and cold water, PVDC pipes.
A water pump most commonly used for elevation of waste, sump pump. In the application form for mechanical, electrical, and sanitary/plumbing permits, the
Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of plumbing sustem which can be completed prior to Professional in charge shall sign and seal and write in the box the following:
the installation of fixtures. 1. PRC registration number.
Small particle of smoke can be detected in less than a minute. 2. Full name in print.
Wet and dry fire water pipes are called standpipe. 3. PTR number.
Siamese is a wye connection. 4. Address of P I C (professional in charge).
5. PTR date/place of issue.
Integrated network of hydraulic design piping system, sprinkler system. 6. T I N.

Responsible of fire code, director general. In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are:
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout.
Sanitary and industrial plumbing water piping inside building and premises shall conform to the 2. Schedule of loads.
provisions of national plumbing code. 3. Location plan.
4. vicinity plan.
The design, construction, and operation of deepwells for abstraction of groundwater sources shall be 5. Riser diagram.
subjected to the provisions of the water code of the Philippines. 6. General notes (specs).
Plumbing
7. Legends and symbols.
8. Details. The current in amperes a conductor can carry continously without exceeding it temperature is called
ampacity.
5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant. A sheet metal enclosure for conductors, cables and bus bars at switch boards, meter centers,
2. Architect and engineering department. distribution centers and similar points are called auxiliary gutter.
3. Land use and zoning.
4. Land and grade. The latest edition of the Philippine electrical code, part 1 is dated 1973.
5. Local fire chief.
Ratio of maximum demand to the total connected to a system is ca;;ed demand factor.
Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign and seal his/her name in the
DPWH forms. The final decision over any contraversy of the electrical code is vested upon the board of
electrical engineering.
2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of completion (electrical works)
aside from building owner: Electric motor. transform electric to mechanical energy.
1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber. Fuse. an over current protective device w circuit opening fusible material.
2. Contractor.
2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building official: Fuse holder. device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between fusible link
1. Certificate of completion. and fuse clips.
2. Logbook. Guy wire. tension member usually of galvanized wire.

PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of 4 or more floors. Flashover. a disruptive charge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator.
Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure of 20 kilograms per square
centimeter when ready for service. Ground. place a conducting current to the earth.
Lamp. generic term for artificial source of light.
All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and shall be equipped with 63 Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder.
millimeters outlet in every floor level with a minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour.
The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe is 38 millimeter diameter.
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is called balustrade. Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when subjected to pressure.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight beyond its normal limit of Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified.
travel by absorving and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called
buffer. Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is 2.13 meters.
In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, the minimum International access signs have white graphics on blue blackground.
number of elevator that shall be kept on a 24 hour service is one.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters.
The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per NBC is 1 meter.
Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of 5 meters.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system.
The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be maintained at 68 to 74 degrees
fahrenheit. The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches diameter.

Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches
HVAC. heating and ventilating air conditioning.
and fixtures.
Piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is white.
Fresh water pipe is blue.
In buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet:
1. Be part of domestic supply of building.
Fire design ladder should be fixed position in interval not exeeding 6 meters. 2. Be added to domestic supply of building.
Exterior way of exit access so arrange there is no dead-end arranged in 6 meters. 3. Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters.
A cable provided with a metal wrapping is called armored cable.

Plumbing
Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper serve as fire damper. Accessible. not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being
removed without disturbing the building structure or finish. Admitting close approach because not
Each door in a means of egress shall not be 70 centimeter. guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means.

Plumbing code provisions: Electric current. electric flow in an electric current (amperage) expressed in amperes.
1. All roof extension of soil and waste stack should run full size at least 0.30 meters above the roof.
2. Other than weather protection, not less than 2.5 meters above the roof. Electric circuit. electric path composed of a conductor or of several conductors and conducting
3. If there are doors, windows, scuttle, air chafts distance edge to edge is 3 meters. electric devices joined together through which an electric current flows when the path is completed and
an EMF is applied.
Usual trouble in pipes is in its fittings.
Rendering a pipe waterproof, caulking. Circuit diagram. diagram that represent an electric circuit on papers.
Cast iron in length of 5 feet. Chase. a recess built in wall to receive piping and wiring.
Mica. best heat insulators.
Pipe of sanitary drainage, cast iron and PVC.
Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to cause) the movement of
Enlarged part of pipe to receive another end, hub. electricity in a conductor.

Connection of sprinkler to ceiling: Electro magnet.

1. Distance between sprinklers, 3 meters.
2. Area covered by a sprinkler, 9 square meters. Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the source of current back to the
same point.
Electricity:
Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected as to prevent the flow of
From NBC: electricity.
Lines must be 10 to 7.5 meters in height from sidewalk. Post knoll effect electrical thermal.
Poles not less than 5 meters from fire hydrant.
Poles not less than 150 meters from a curb. Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer.
For building over 15 meters in height there must be 2 to 2.5 meters open from face of building to pole Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel board.
for ladders. Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap.
Conductors over 3oo volts shall not be carried near the ground surface unless guarded or made THW. for outside and inside.
unaccessible. PTW. for interior.
Lines must clear from building surface of no less than .075 meters. Watt. ampere times voltage.
Lines passing over roofs and building tops must have clearance of 1 to 3 meters. Air is a poor conductor of electricity.
Service drop clearance over roof must not be less than 2.5 meters. Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a circuit with a conductor of a very
Service drop must not be less than 3 meters from ground. low resistance.
There should be 2 services by law. Amperes. basic unit of electric current.
Fees are 5 pesos for permit of pole and installation of pole. Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in amperes.
Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in amperes, (without undue heat).
Approved. acceptable to the authority enforcing the code. Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity.
Electricity. electric phenomena manisfectation.
2 types of circuits:
Atoms: 1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are connected so that each one offers a
1. Electron. negative. separate path for the flow of current between 2 points.
2. Proton. positive. 2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically connected end to end.
3. Neutron. neutral.
2 general classes: Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry but not consume electrical
1. Dynamic electricity (electromagnetic). flows through a substance, over its surface in the energy. example: switch.
form of electric current.
2. Static electricity (static/electrostatic). Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum.

Plumbing
Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each branch transmitting part of the
current. The conductor of each branch taken separately. Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an instrument for measuring the
voltage drop between any 2 points in an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery.
Connectors use for metal:
1. Bushing. General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through a wire with a resistance of
1 ohm.

Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent heat volt and amperes
produced if plugged to an appliances, measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1
volt cause a current of 1 ampere to flow.

Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is applied to a conductor, the

conductor is said to have a difference in potential energy.
2. Lock nut.
Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous power or power in use at any
one time.
Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter. instrument used to measure the energy
consumed over a period of time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit
with respect to time.

Pole. 2 live wire.

3. Coupling. 2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground.

Classification of electrical current: Types of conduits:

1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said to be from negative to 1. RSC.
positive (fixed polarity)(can be steady or may vary). 2. IMC.
Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell. 3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing.
a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform. 4. Flexible metal conduit.
b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times. 5. Aluminum conduit.
2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of flow/current that changes in both 6. Non-metallic conduit.
strenght and direction in a given time, alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles 7. Exposed metallic raceways.
per second (60 hertz). RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example: transformer. Types:
1. Selenium type. IMC. Metallic conduit.
2. Silicon type.
3. Copper-oxide type. Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet.
Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your conductor.
Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a device for generating an
Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance (opposition).
alternating EMF, for high voltage equipments.
Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of the conductors.
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power) into electical energy (power).
Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm): Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Formula: I = V/R.
Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing and supplying direct current
I. current flow (in amperes).
by electro-chemical means, 2 distinct classes:
V. EMF (in volts).
1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled or put together provided that
R. resistance (friction in ohms).
it is connected in a circuit.
2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source (rechargable).
Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Current: I = V/R.
Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity.
Resistance: R=V/I.
Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3 categories:
Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which keeps electricity in motion.
1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types.
Plumbing
Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of electric current or other form
of metal suitable for carrying currents, examples: copper cable. Fuse types:
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric current, resists heat. 1. Cartridge fuse.
Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors. a. Single.
2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance fixtures, apparatus used as b. Dual.
part of, or in connection with an electrical installation. 2. Plug fuse.
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized
sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current Switch gear. also called unit sub-station.
consuming equipments. Types:
a. Fixed. Types of flourescents:
b. Portable. 1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
c. Stationary. 2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.

Wires and cables: Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the flourescent at the base of the pins.
1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable. BX pipes. flexible metals.
Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits, exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors Condulets. small conduits.
works.
Feeders. cables that goes into a building. Height of electric meter from ground, 1.5 meters.
2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire, example: TW wire Height of C O, .20 meter.
(thermoplastic/PVC). Distances of C Os, 2 to 2.5 meters.
4. Special cable type: Height of switch, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 meters.
a. American home run. Distance of switch from door jamb, .20 meters.
b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross section
c. Cable bars. Bakelite. made from PVC and porcelain.

Raceways: Master and slave. the electrical switch.

1. Floor raceways: Size of wire and capacity:
a. Underfloor raceways. 1. #14 (2.5 millimeter): 15 amperes.
b. Cellular metal floor raceways. 2. #12 (3.5 millimeter): 20 amperes.
3. #10 (4 millimeter): 30 amperes.
Power handling equipment: 4. #8 (6 millimeter): 45 amperes.
Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current. 5. #6 (10 millimeter): 65 amperes.
6. #3 (20 millimeter): 100 amperes.
Outdoor transformers: 7. #2 (25 millimeter): 115 amperes.
1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts. 8. #1 (35 millimeter): 130 amperes.
2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity. 9. #0 (50 millimeter): 150 amperes.
3. Pad-mounted. hinged.
Types of elevators:
Indoor transformer: 1. Electric: (parts):
1. Dry type: a. Car.
a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating. b. Cables:
b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts. 1. Guide shoe.
2. Askarel-insulated. 2. Compensation.
3. Oil-insulated transformer. 3. Buffer.
4. Secondary sheave.
Transformer rates: 5. Winding drum machine.
1. Step up transformer. 6. Landing zone.
2. Step down transformer. c. Counterwieght.
d. Contol equipments:
Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts. 1. Control panel.
Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up. 2. Governor.
Plumbing
 3. Safety. 2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
4. Tension sheave. 3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only.
5. Limit switches. 4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments.
6. Operating device.
7. Car leveling device. System of elevator selection of operation:
e. Elevator pit. 1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first.
f. Shaft or hoistway. 2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs.
g. Penthouse or elevator machine room. 3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high rise building with constant
h. Elevator machine: traffic (service specific number and level of floors).
1. Motor generator.
2. Generator field (motor) control. Consideration of elevator selection:
3. Rheostatic control. 1. Types of use or occupancy.
i. Guide rail. 2. Floor height/ ceiling height.
2. Hydraulic: (parts): 3. Total height of building.
a. Car or cab. 4. Available speed.
b. Control system. 5. Car capacity.
c. Elevator pit.
d. Shaft or hoistway. Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.
e. Plunger.
f. Elevator machine room. Types of escalators:
g. Guide rail. 1. Criss-cross.
h. Guide shoes. 2. Parallel.
i. Spring buffer.
j. Floor stop and limit switch. Parts of an escalator:
k. Creepage and leveling cam switch. 1. Balustrade assembly.
l. Car gate switch. 2. Handrails.
m. Controller. 3. Truss.
n. Motor and pump with tank. 4. Endless belt.
5. Sprocket assembly.
Parts of an elevator: 6. Driving machine.
1. Electrical, mechanical room. Other parts:
2. Hoistway/shaft. 7. Tracks.
3. Pit. 8. Emergency brake.
4. Penthouse. 9. Controller.
5. Tension sheave. 10. Emergency stop button.
6. Counterweight. 12. Key operated switches.
7. Travel.
8. Oil and spring buffer. Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches.
9. Guide rail.
10. Car platform. Air conditioning standards:
11. Car. 1. Heating and humidifying.
12. Cable socket. 2. Cooling and dehumidifying.
13. Dovetail joints. 3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the ground.
14. Cable. 4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person.
15. Machine beam.
16. Elevator machine. Types of A C:
17. MG set. 1. ACCU.
2. ATC.
Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car capacity. 3. CAC.
4. FCU.
Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments). 5. AHU.
1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments. 6. HVAC.

Plumbing
7. RAC. 4. Screw.
8. PAC.
9. TR. Electric motors. requires starting devices (starter):
1. Steam turbine. type of refrigeration plant which takes up space.
Parts of an A C U: 2. Well water.
1. Cooling towers. 3. Cooling towers.
2. Air curtain. 4. Pumps (centrifugal).

Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V) Types of aircon:

1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes. 1. Unitary type/package type. depends on refrigerants as their cooling method.
1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes. Advantages:
1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes. a. Control is at hand of the occupant or tenant.
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes. b. Cooling towers, chillers, pumps, pipings are avoided, saving space.
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9amperes. Disavantages:
1, 16 amperes, 8amperes. a. Noise (creates sound).
1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes. b. Room units have shorter life than central plants.
2, 24mperes, 12mperes. Systems: 1/4 to 3 horsepower:
3, 34mperes, 17mperes. a. Unit type.
b. Through the wall.
A C system: c. Window type.
1. Unitarian: 2. Package type A C system:
a. Package. a. Needs from 3 tons to 100 tons (1 ton to 1 horsepower).
b. Cabinet. Location: where there is running water.
2. Centralized. use of cooling tower. 3. Centralized air conditioning system:
5 important components of air conditioning: a. Have a machine/air conditioning room.
1. Cooling unit. b. Bigger space to be airconditioned.
2. Compressor. 3. Needs a duct wall.
3. Condenser fan.
4. Cooler. 3 to 10 changes of air per hour at .45 cubic meter per minute.
5. Control/motor.
Most common systems:
A C equipments: 1. Air to refrigerants to air. room air is cooled by contact with cool refrigerants and then becomes
1. Filter. removes the larger dirt and pollen particles in order to prevent clogging spaces between the warm. Warm refrigerants is then cooled by contact with outside air.
plates. Types: 2. Air to refrigerant to water to air. if air-cooled condensers are not available, therefor cooling is
a. Electrostatic filter. needed. Thus this will take thye water that has removed the heat from hot refrigerant and give heat to
b. Replacable filters. outdoor air.
c. Cleanable/renewable filters. 3. Ait to water to refrigerant to water. complete heat transfer/most economical.
d. Roll type, disposable media.
e. Throwaway filters. System of distribution:
2. Cooling coil. arranged so that the cooling consists of bank of tubes. A cold fluid is circulated on 1. Air to air.
the inside of the tube. When the surface of the cooling coil is at temperature below dew point of air, it 2. Air to air.
drips to a collecting pan and disposed off those draw connection. 3. Chemical/refrigerants:
3. Heating Coil. constructed similar to the cooling coil. However fluid circulated inside has a high a. Ammonia.
temperature. b. Freon 11 and 12.
4. Fan. fan pulls the air from intake through filter of the aircon unit and distributes it to the conditioned
space. System of airconditioning:
5. Humidifier. a device for moistening air to a desired degree. 1. Cooling by compressive refrigeration.
2. Cooling by absorption.
Types of refrigeration compressors. 3. Thermoelectric cooling.
1. Reciprocating.
2. Centrifugal. Thermostat. device which respond to change of temperature and directly or indirectly controls
3. Absorption. it.
Plumbing
Hydrostat/humidistat. a device which measures the degree of moisture in air. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC):

Relay. electrical device which protects and controls the thermostat, uses electrical energy to amplify or Heat and temperature:
convert power of a thermostat.
Sensible heat. heat through touch.
Air lock. a space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space which it is Absolute temperature. below freezing point.
connected. A space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space to which Pyometer. device for extremely high temperature.
it is connected.
Thermocouple. device for indicating sensible heat through uniting 2 wires.
Air velocity. a quantity which donates the instantaneous time rate and direction of air motion.
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to changes in pressure. Katathermometer. alcohol thermometer to determine air movement and air distribution.
Control valve. any valve used to regulate fluid flow.
Heat transmission:

Conduction. from body to body when it is in contact.

Convection. by motion of the particle.
Radiation. transmitting rays of heat through air.
Reflection and absorption:

Highly polish. reflects more absorb less.

Dull surface. absorbs more reflect less.
Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the evaporator at a low pressure, Heat units:
compact it, and then discharge it to a condenser.
US-BTU.
Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a refrigerant circuit.
Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU.
Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so as to
cool it evaporatively by contact of air. Latent heat:
Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
Condenser. a heat exchange device in a refrigeration system; consist of a vessel or Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa.
arrangement of pipes or tubing in which refrigerant vapor is liquified by the removal of heat.
Heat and work:
Evaporator. that part of a refrigeration system in which refrigerant is vaporized; thereby taking up Thermodynamics. heat to work or work to heat.
external heat and producing cooling. Mechanical equivalent. 1 BTU to 778 feet-pounds.
Adiabatic saturation. water to unsaturated air to increase humidity ratio. Machine room. consist of refrigeration plants that chills water that is circulated to one or handling
Humidity ratio. weight of actual water vapor over pounds of dry air. units.

Dew point. temperature when water vapor becomes saturated and turn to water.
Dry bulb temperature. temperature of vapor in fahrenheit thermometer, temperature of a gas or
mixture of gases indicated by an accurate thermometer after correction for radiation.
Wet bulb temperature. the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporation into air, can bring
the air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature.
Enthalphy. BTU per minute in fluid or gas.
Psychrometer. instrument to determine moisture in air.
Relative humidity. saturation of water vapor present in air.
Sensible heat. changing temperature without changing its state.
Vapor lock. the formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents normal fluid flow due to
wrong application of freon gas.
Humidifier. a device used for moistening air to a desired degree.
Cold packet. usually refer to as the drafts in air condition.
Flue. it is the byproduct of combustion.
Conductivity. defined as the number of BTUH that flow through one squar foot of materiaL one inch
thick when the temperature drop through the material under conditions of steady heat flow is one
degree Fahrenheit.

Plumbing
Enthalpy. the total heat in the mixture measured above zero degree Fahrenheit, including the latent 3. Wavelength.
heat of water vapor.
Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon (determines
Plenum. an air conditioning compartment maintained under a pressure slightly above the pitch of a sound); number of displacement or ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second;
atmospheric and connected to one or more distribution duets. unit of frequency: Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch;
normal ear responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz.
Incinerator. a furnace for consuming waste by fire. Multitudes of frequency (components):
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to change in pressure. 1. Low.
2. Medium.
Parts of a package type air cond: 3. High.
1. Motor out.
2. Air filter. C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second.
3. Grille. Focusing. concave dome sound reflection.
4. Evaporator. Foci. sound foci, focusing.
5. Motor in.
6. Compressor. Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each complete cycle of vibration; the
7. Fan and blower. distance between layers of compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
8. Viscous filter.
9. Distribution grille. Characteristics of sound:
10 Condenser. Cycle. full circuit by the particle.
Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its normal position during vibration.
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. process of treating air to control its temperature. Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is composed entirely of a
single frequency.
Heat transmission: Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.
1. Conductor. transfer of heat from a place of higher temperature to a place of a lower Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity and density of the medium.
temperature.
2. Convection. transfer of heat by motion of the particle of the heated substance itself. Magnitudes of sound:
3. Radiation. process of transmitting rays of heat by passing through air. 1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts.
2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area normal to this direction.
Common heat distribution system: 3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure.
1. Burner/boiler. source of heating. 4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of 2
Common methods of distributing heat: numerical values on a logarithmic scale.
1. Forced circulation of warm air. 5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in architectural acoustics; unit
2. Hot water. of sound in the term of reverberation.

Latent heat. heat due to changing state of that substance. Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected soundwaves resulting from a
Latent heat of evaporation. change is from liquid to gaseous state. single initial sound pulse.
Latent heat of fusion. change is from solid to the liquid/liquid to the solid state.
Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound level is everywhere the
Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission, and effect of sound waves. 3 same.
elements:
1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable. Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and
2. Path. transmission of sound. delay so as to be perceived as a sound distinct from the directly transmitted sound.
3. Receiver.
Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface.
Sound:
1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic medium like air. Background noise.
2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.
Masking noise (acoustic perfume).
Parts of sound: Noise. unwanted sound.
1. Frequency.
2. Velocity. Decay time. reverberation time.
Plumbing
 Damper. a device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the source has stopped; due to
repeated reflections of the sound remaining between the enclosing surface. Desicant. any absorbent/absorber, liquid or solid that will remove water vapor from a material.

Structural noise. structural borne transmission. Engine. device for transforming fuel or heat energy into mechanical energy.
Air borne noise. air borne transmission.
Absorption. sound energy being absorbed. Generator. basic part of absortion systems; provided with means of heating used to drive
The best sound absorber is people. refrigerant out of solution.
Generation. is the source of sound. Filter. a device to remove solid material from a fluid.
Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface. Heat. the form of energy that is transformed by virtue of a temperature difference.
Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave surfaces and build up. Horse power. unit of a power in foot-pound-second system, work done at the rate of 550 feet
Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise reduction of a particular pound per second or 33,000 feet pound per minute.
construction. Hooper. an inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue.
Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct contact with a vibrating Humidity. water vapor within a given space.
source or is struck by an impulsive force.
Materials can be absorptive or reflective. Induction. the entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air stream discharging from an air
Fire safety: outlet.
1. Fire and smoke proof passages.
2. Standpipe locations. Appliance. a utilization equipment, generally industrial, built-in, standard form and size, installed as a
3. Accessibility for the disabled. unit to perform one or more function. (such as washing, cooking, mixing, etceteras).

Mechnical equipments:
Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors.
Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time.
Accumulation:
Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a refrigerant circuit to reduce
pulsation.
Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.
Air-conditioning. the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature,
humidity, cleanliness, distribution, to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.
Barometer. instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Boiler. a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or vaporized.
Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the absolute external
pressure at the liquid vapor interface.
Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor.
Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.
Condenser. a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which vapor is liquified by removal of
heat.
Convection. transfer of heat by movement of fluid.
Cold pockets. draughts/drafts in air condition.
Duct. tube or channel through which air is conveyed or moved.
Askarel. a synthetic non-flammable insulating liquid, which when decomposed by electric arc, evolves
only non-flammable gaseous mixture.
Branch circuit. is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device
protecting the circuit. Types:
1. Appliance. only for appliances.
2. General purpose. for appliances and lights.
3. Individual. for one equipment only.
Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures divided by open space or by fire
walls.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit
automatically or a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its
rating.
Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building wires in concealed
raceways are considered concealed even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device which establishes the
connection between 2 or more conductors or between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means
of mechanical pressure and without the use of solder.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined manner, the electric power
delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system under
consideration.

Plumbing
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of which the conductor of a
circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street main, or from transformers
to the service equipment of the premises supplied.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate
intervals of: Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or other aerial support, to and
1. Load and no load. including the splicer (if any), to the service entrance conductors at the building/structure.
2. Load and rest.
3. Load, no load, and rest. Service entrance conductors. 2 types:
1. Overhead system.
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe 2. Underground system.
distance by a person. It is applied to parts not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated. Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the main street.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment and the branch circuit face or back or both, switches, overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually
overcurrent device. instruments.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a heater element in addition to and
Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between and electrical circuit or affecting a renewable fusible member whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short
equipment and earth, or some conducting body which serves in place of the earth. circuit currents.
Grounded. connected to the earth. Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross section in one second.
Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical opening or space.
Volt. unit of electrical potential.
Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase difference between voltage and
current. OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current (DC), unit of impedance due
to friction in the conductor for alternating current circuit (A C).
Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lampholder, a lighting fixture,
or a pendant and terminating in a lampholder. Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source of electricity to and through
some electrical device and back to the source.
Location. 3 types:
1. Damp. Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at constant time rate.
2. Dry. Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically varying in time rate and in
3. Wet. direction.
Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified or change to direct current.
Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed to hold conductors and Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same current.
attachments plug receptacles, assembled in the field or at the factory. Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is connected between the same 2
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply utilization equipment. points.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly in the form of a single Abbreviations:
panel. DS. downspout.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of metal conduit, rigid, non- FD. floor drain.
metallic, flexible metallic tubing, cellular concrete/metal flow raceways. CB. catch basin.
CISP, DH. cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of power, etceteras. CISP, SH. cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
to a flexible cord. D C O, WP. duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
VSTR. vent stack through roof.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed. PVC. plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
Terms for transformer to water heater: PS. product safety.
GIP. galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the ASTM. American system testing material.
wiring system of the premise supplied. FM. floor mounted or flush mounted.
SM. surface mounted.
Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a cable. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
Plumbing
CISP. cast iron soil pipe. G E.
RMP. registered master plumber. Ever.
NAMPAP. Circuit breaker/panels/control:
CLFS. Chief of the local fire service. Ever.
CAA. civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports). Fujihiya.
PPA. Philippine ports authority. Westinghouse.
NPCC. National pollution control commission. Wire:
RSC. Rigid steel conduit. Columbia.
Ckt. circuit. Phelt dodge.
KVA. Kilovolt per ampere. Duraplex.
KWA. Kilowatt per ampere. Generator set:
PEE. Professional electrical engineer. G E.
IIEE. Institute of intigrated electrical engineer. Westinghouse.
BTU. British thermal unit. Asia Brown Boviry.
PME. Professional mechanical engineer. Transformer:
PSME. Philec.
RHW. Moisture and heat resistant rubber. G E.
T. Thermoplastic. Westinghouse.
TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic. Lighting fixture:
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. G E.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic. Philips.
THWN. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. National.
XHHN. Moisture and heat resistant cross-linked thermosetting polythylene. Switches/C O:
SA. Silicone-asbestos. National.
AVA. Asbestos and varnish Cambric.
Veto.
Brand names: Ever.
Rectifier:
PVC: National panasonic.
Atlanta. Elevator:
Emerald. Fuji.
Moldex. Hundai.
Neltex. Otis.
Standard. Kone.
RSC: Goldstar.
Matchusita. Westinghouse.
Triangle. Hitachi.
Korea. Mitsubishi.
Pusan. O & K.
IMC: Escalator:
Matchusita. Otis.
Maruichi. Westinghouse.
Nippon. Goldstar.
Setsuyu. Hitachi.
EXT: Mitsubishi.
Maruichi. Air Conditioner:
Matchusita. Fedders.
Junction box: Westinghouse.
Sun bright. Carrier.
Timco. Condura.
Rheostat (beamer): Allen air.

Plumbing
 National Panasonic. Pinlight:
Daikin. Eyeball pinlight:
Amona. Flood light:
Water heater: Circuit line for lights:
National. Circuit line for C O:
Westinghouse. Master switch:
Sprinkler heads: Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater:
Globe. Washing machine:
Fire alarm: OKT (2 wire OKT):
Nohmi Bosai. OKT (3 wire OKT raceway):
Galvanized iron: Switch: S1.
Goodyear. a. S2W. 2 way.
Super. b. S3W. 3 way.
Apo. c. S4W. 4 way.
Meayer. Bell:
Little giant.
Cast iron: General outlets:
Dong tek.
Asa. Outlet:
Silva. Electrical outlet:
Plumbing fixture: Wall clock:
Saniwares. Fan outlet:
American Standard. Outlet for vapor discharge lamp:
Kolher. Exit light outlet:
Briggs. Ceiling fan outlet:
Plumbing accessories: Junction box:
Gerber. Pull switch:
Zuechetti. Lamp holder:
Great volume. Lamp holder with full switch:
Clean outs: Drop-chord equipped.
Metma. Blanked outlet:
Asa. Universal outlet:
U S.P. Incandescent light outlet:
Valves and controls: Flourescent light outlet:
Great volume. Telephone outlet:
Crane.
Kitz. Convenience outlets:
Clayton.
Keystone. Duplex C O:
Toyo. Water proof convenience outlet:
Weather proof C O:
Symbols: Weather proof duplex C O:
Switch and duplex outlet:
Ceiling receptacle: Range outlet:
C O wall outlet: Heavy duty outlet:
Vertical lines-wall. Duplex C O split wire:
Horizontal lines-terminal. Special purpose:
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp: Floor outlet:
Fan outlet: Radio C O:
Flourescent: TV C O:
Suspended lamp: Floor outlet:
Heavy duty: Lamp holder with pull switch:

Plumbing
Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):
Flourescent lamp:
Outlet with blank cover:
Junction box:
Special purpose outlet:
Range outlet:
Switch outlets:
S/S: single pole/togle switch.
S1,2: double gang light switch.
S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
2SW: two way switch.
3SW: three way switch.
SD: automatic door switch.
SWD: weather proof switch.
Sp: switch and pilot light.
Sf: fused switch.
SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
SwcB: weather switch.
S. Single pole switch.
S2. double pole switch.
S3. 3 pole switch.
S4. 4 pole switch.
SD. Automatic door switch.
SE. Electrolier switch.
SK. 4. 4 pole switch.
SD. Automatic door switch.
SE. Electrolier switch.
SK. Key Operated Switch.
SP. Switch and Pilot Lamp.
SCB. Circuit Breaker.
SWCB. Weatherproof Circuit Breaker.
SMC. Momentary Contact Switch.
SRC. Remote Control Switch.
SWP. WEatherproof Switch.
SF. Fused Switch.
SWF. Weatherproof Fused Switch.
Auxilliary systems:
Push button:
Smoke fire alarm:
Buzzer bell:
Bell:
Annunciator:
Outside telephone:
Interconnecting telephone:
Telephone switchboard:
Telephone outlet:
Bell-ringer transformer:
Maid's single plug:
Interconnection box:
Battery:
Motor:
Main connecting switch:
Electric door opener:
Surge arrester:
Lightning arrester:
Ground:
Fuse cutout:
Push Button:
Duzzer:
Bell:
Annunciator:
Outside Telephone:
Interconnecting Telephone:
Telephone Switchboard:
Bell Ringing Transformer:
Electric Door Opener:
Fire Alarm Bell:
Fire Alarm Station:
City Fire Alarm Station:
Fire Alarm Central Station:
Automatic Fire Alarm Device:
Watchman's Station:
Watchman's Central Station:
Horn:
Nurse's Signal Plug:
Maid's Signal Plug:
Radio Outlet:
Signal Central Station:
Interconnection Box:
Battery:
Auxiliary System Circuits:
Panels, circuit, and miscellaneous:
Lighting panel board:
Power panel:
Pull box:
Controller:
Transformer:
Weatherproof service entrance:
Electric motor:
Circuit homerun:
Service entrance:
Water pump outlet:
Underfloor duct and junction box:
International access symbol for telephone:
International access symbol for elevator:
Lightning Panel:
Power Panel:
Branch Circuit; Concealed in Ceiling or Wall:
Plumbing
Branch Circuit; Concealed in Floor:
Branch Circuit; Exposed: Siamese connection to a dry standpipe:
Home Run to Panel Board. Indicate number of Circuits by number of arrows:
Feeders: Diagram of a fire hose rack to a dry standpipe connection, identify and label fitting:
Underfloor Duct and Junction Box. Triple System:
Generator: Typical connection of a 1/2 inch diameter RSC to a metal utility box, label connectors:
Motor:
Instrument: 1/2 inch diameter P V C elbow (for conduits):
Power Transformer: Porcelain split knob with wood screw (x-section):
Controller:
Isolating Switch: Ceiling light receptacle, S M (x-section showing electrical wire in mica tube):

Plumbing: Ceiling light receptacle, F M (x-section showing utility box):

Gate valve (screwed type): Duplex convenience outlet, S M:

Globe valve (screwed type):
Angle globe valve plan and elevation: 2 gang toggle switch, F M:
Float valve:
Union screwed: Duplex convenience outlet, F M/W P:
High pressure steam in heating and ventilating piping:
Thermostat: 110 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, D H:
Refrigerator:
Heating and ventilating symbol for condenser water flow: 50 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, S H:

Draw: Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter P V C D S and 110
Switch with cover: millimeter diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):
Convenience outlet:
G I elbow: Typical sprinkler head of quartzoid bulbs:

110 millimeters diameter 45 degree bend, S P branch:

110 millimeter diameter by 110 millimeter diameter branch single wye 45 degree:

G I street elbow: 110 millimeter diameter by 75 millimeter diameter branch single 45 degree (wye reducer):

2 inches by 4 inches utility box with 1 and a half diameter K O:

Entrance cap, 3w:

L B condulets:
G I union:
Cross section of a check valve:
Pigtail, electrical socket:
Cross section of a foot valve:
Float valve (side view):
Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water closet (cross section):
G I waterplug:
G I water pipe cap:

Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C:

3 spool electrical post bracket:
1/2 inch diameter by 2 inches G I close nipple:
Flat head wood screw:
Hose bibb:
Plumbing
 V T R using C I S P as vent pipe, roofing is of corrugated G I sheet on wood purlins/rafters. show
waterproofing:

Connection of service wires to R C column.

Connection of hot and cold waterlines:

Acoustic ceiling:
Acoustic wall:
Carpet connection to floor:
Sheet metal screw:
Oval sink:
Countersunk rivet:
Escutheon:
Turnbuckle, stub ends: 20 millimeter diameter female threaded adaptor UPVC water pipe fitting:
Profile of a recessed type swimming pool gutter: Carriage bolt:
Plan of turnstile, rigid arm type traffic control:

Cartidge fuse, knife blade contact:

Plug fuse:
Lag bolt:
R S C locknut and bushing, show how it is used:

4 inches by 4 inches octagonal utility box with 1/2 inch diameter K O:

Armored cable, 3w:

110 millimeters diameter soil pipe, S H:

Grease trap:
110 millimeter diameter 1/4 bend, D H, sanitary pipe fitting:

110 millimeter diameter 1/4 inch bend. sanitary pipe fitting:

110 millimeter by 90 millimeters double wye; reducer:

2 inches by 1 and a half diameter tap tee:

1/2 inch diameter G I union patente:

H & B connection with rubber ring:
3/4 inch diameter by 1/2 inch diameter G I coupling reducer:
Turnbuckle with hook and eye ends:
110 millimeter diameter clean out, C I S P fitting:
Oval head wood screw:
50 millimeter diameter u-trap, P V C soil pipe fitting:
Oval head stove bolt:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground floor and with fire hose
Siamese connection, triple roof manifold:
attachment in upper floors up to 5th floor:
Concealed siamese and wall hydrant (show face only):

Plumbing
Condulet: @ pole single throw switch.

Catridge fuse ferrule contact: 3 pole and solid neutral switch (3P & SN):

Hair pin cold cathode lamp/tube: Single pole double throw switch.

Connection of water line from main to house: Single pole double throw with center off position (in control work called a hand off automatic switch):

Connection from main to water service meter with saddle clamp: Use of 2 single pole double throw (3 way) swithc for switching of a lighting circuit from 2 locations:

Male threaded adaptor: B.E.:

20 millimeter diameter end pipe: The National Electric code is concerned with safety electrical installation only and is not
intended as design specifications nor an instruction manual for untrained persons.
32 millimeter diameter by 25 millimeter diameter socket reducer: An ordinary flashlight dry-cell battery will, if fresh, develop only approximately 3 1/2 to 1.5 volts.
The amount of electrical current in amperes depends on the number of electrons flowing fast a given
G I nipple 5 inches long: point in one second.
The constant speed in electricity at which power flows, is the same as the speed of light, or
G I coupling: 186,000 miles per second.
It is a known fact that the greater the current in a wire, the greater the voltage drop and the
G I tee reducer: greater the power loss in the form of heat.
The septic tank is a device to expedite the decomposition.
1/4 bend elbow D H:
The material most commonly used for waste, soil, and vent installation in plumbing system is the black
Machine bolt: iron.

2 inches C W nail: Acid resistance pipe usually is an alloy of black iron and sulphur.

Button head cap screw: The gases which occurs in public sewage system is caused by the decomposition of organic material
within the sewer itself.
Olive knuckle butt hinge:
It is not permissible to discharge large volume of storm water into a septic tank.
Cabin hook:
Flourescent lamps can also operate even if the voltage is considerably below their rated
voltage.

Carbon Monoxide. Fire extinguishment.

Guy. Tension wire.

Rubber. Insulating material.
Septic vault for 4 br residence for 10 people: Damper. Valve for controling air flow.
Silver. Best conductor of electricity.
Draw a toilet and bathroom with WC, shower bath, lavatory, and floor drain with plumbing lines in plan The best conductor of heat is Helium (in its Helium II liquid state), which can conduct heat better than diamond or
silver.
and isometric:
Bidet. Plumbing fixtures.
Elevator: Air conditioning. Freon gas.
Escalator: Conduit. PVC.
Standard water closet:
Gate valve: Trap. Plumbing device.
Globe valve:
Single pole single throw switch:
Plumbing
Decibel. Sound energy.
Parallel. Electrical wiring connection.
BX. Armored cable.
Grille. Air conditioning part.
Ferrous Bicarbonate. Iron found in water.
Algae. Odor in water.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Architect of Imperial hotel, Tokyo.
Yamasaki. Architect of the world trade center.
Alvar Aalto. Architect of Baker Dormitory, Boston.
PVDC. Plastic pipe.
Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the air; Control moisture in air.
Candle power. unit of illumination.
Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for sewers and drains.
Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an added procaution against
water pollution.
Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by means of ventilation.
A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.
Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay soil where natural drainage
terminal is available.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary treatment of sewer.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a manner as to allow raw
contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.
Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.
Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.
Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.
Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.
Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere through jets.
Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which operation is infrequent.
Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of wastes in modern building.
Number 14. minimum size of conductor allowed for housing wiring.
Caulking. a term for plugging an opening with oakum and lead that are pounded into place.
The quality of light is measured in terms of Lumens.
Vent pipe is a pipe provided to ventilate a house drainage system and to prevent the trap
siphonage from other fixtures to the house drain; is that portion of the drainage installation
designed to maintain atmospheric pressure, and prevent trap seal loss.
Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly manufactured in length of 10 feet.
Siphonage is caused by plus pressure, responsible for trap seal loss.
Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets with or
without additional drain.
Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body waste to the plumbing system.
Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.
Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage of sewer air.
Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the frequency of starting and
stopping the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.
Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to direct current.
Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the field by means of a bell and
battery set.
Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door
to the floor at the bottom of the hoistway.
Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance suspended scenery or the like.
Air-motor. air operated device used to open or close a damper or valve.
Wattmeter. device to measure electric power.
Safety switch. protects equipment and appliances in case of current fluctuation.
Volt. electric pressure measurement.
Thermostat. device sensitive to change in temperature.
Pressure gauge. water pressure instrument.
Mica. material which can best withstand high electricity.
Slate. poorest conductor of electricity.
The flow of electricity is measured in ampere.
Surface water produces insolubility in soaps and incrustation of pipes, while ground water possess
opposite characteristics.
Plumbing
Rain water is adapted for washing but not for drinking.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well carrying an appreciable amount
of lime.
When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story building, flush valve W C and
urinals can be installed in all floors.
Air conditioning. modern method of controlling various factors in order to obtain indoor conditions
satisfying human comforts and health.
The split type of air conditioning is best suited for theaters.
The sides of A C rectangular ducts should not have a greater ratio of widths than 4 to 1.
Elevators in building are subject to the registration and inspection by the office of chief of fire
department.

Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe permits its use for hot and cold Escalators are appropriate for department store type of establishment.
water supply systems. Freight elevators are normally required for airports.

One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is thye presence of pinholes in For elevators, the balance weight of the car usually equals the weight of the car plus 40 percent
the walls of a cast iron pipes used in the system. of the car capacity.

Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks. The landing zone for an automatic type of elevator car is 200 millimeters above and below a landing.

Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a cast iron pipe. Cable. Major part of elevator.
Rheostat. controls speed of motor.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every meter and should be connected Safety. codes, ordinances and standards.
to the house sewer of the same size.
M G set. part of elevator machines.
Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.
Damper. regulates supply of air.
4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types: Baffles. directs the flow of air.
4 favoring factors for using fliament over flourescent lamp lighting: Thermometer. responds to change of temperature.
4 disavantages of PVC compared to metallic conduit pipes:
4 electrical equipments that requires independent circuits: Filters. electronic or mechanical.
Mechanical. ventilation for toilets.
The velocity of sound waves depends on the elasticity and density of its medium. they travel fast in
steel. Candle power. Light unit intensity.
Common material that has the least coefficient for sound absorption is metal. Lumens. light unit quantity.
In a room with concave walls, the reflected sound will produce echo. Filament lamp. direct lighting.
A vital consideration in securing good acoustics in a room is shape of the room.
Flourescent lamp. indirect lighting.
Automatic sprinkler systems operate under a control of electrical process.
Thermostat. determines moisture content of air.
Loudness. transmission in sound.
A coil of electric wire is called a solenoid.
Reverberation. reflection of sound.
Semi-direct lighting units are appropriately used for classrooms.
Absorption. diffusion of sound.
Indirect lighting units are appropriately used for offices.
Distortion. resonance in sound.
Vibrations. characteristic of sound.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is lumen.
In the installation of a gate valve, either end may be used as inlet.
The reflection of light is influenced by the color as well as the smoothness of the surface, pink is the
color that reflects more light. Pipe fitting may be of different material is the pipe.

Lumen meter. instrument that indicates light intensity in foot candles. MWSS requires its commodity users to install water meters in order to identify illegal users.

Other public water supply, the MWSS is also involved in limited piped sewer collection.
Clay tiles. roof covering material that allows the least flow of heat through the roof due to solar
radiation.
Plumbing
Mixing valve is a supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.
Fuses. renewable or one time.
T fitting should never be used with pipes carrying sewage. Selonoid. coil of electric wires.
No vent stack or branch should have a diameter of less than 1/2 that of the soil or waste stack Underground. service entrance.
served. 110 to 220 volt. 3 wire service drop.
No stack serving a water closet shaould have less than 100 millimeter diameter.
Electrical code. safety.
Windows. most satisfactory air outlet for natural ventilation. Tungsten filament. incandescent lamp.
Saturation. amount of water vapor with a given amount of air. Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.

In a centralized air-conditioning system, air that should not be criculated are those coming from Volatage regulator. limits surge voltage on equipments.
kitchen.
In hospital air-conditioning, separate units should be provided for operating room. Intercom. master and slave station.
Motor generator. alternator.
The direct expansion system system of air-conditioning is best suited for theaters.
Utiltity box. for mounting light switches.
A ray of light is reflected in one definite direction when it strikes a surface lined with aluminum. Junction box. for mounting light outlet.

In school buildings, the room that requires magnitude of illumination is the gymnasium. Generator. charges storage batteries.
Short circuit. cause fire or dangerous explosion.
Freedom from variation in degree of illumination in a room means diffusion.
Uniformity of distribution, color, quality and case of control of light distribution are some points in favor Insulation. non-conducting material.
of flourescent lamps.
Clean out. a pipe fitting for cleaning pipe runs.
Special installation requirements for sprinkler system includes sloping water proof floors with floor
drains. Flush valves. a flush tank attached to a toilet bowl.

Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings that has low water pressure. Corporation cock. a vlaved placed near junction with public water main.

Vertical pipes extending from the basement to the top floor with outlets for attachment of fire hose in Waste pipe. pipe use for carrying waste or storm water.
every floor is called stand pipe. Dry well. same as cesspool.
Faucet. also called bibb or cock.
Elevators may be classified according to several schemes and one of them is car capacity.
Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a preset limit.
Escalators are best suited and installed mostly in stores.
A major part in any elevator installation is the pit. Shower head. in a shower bath, a device through which water is sprayed.
When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will continue, such lingering Nipple/coupling. a short length of pipe with threads at each ends.
sound is called reverberation.
Tapped tee. a bell end tee which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting.
In an auditorium, the best sound absorber are the audience.
Sump pump. a pumping device used to lift sewage to a higher elevation.
Time of reverberation is less in a room that is with convex walls. Pipe chase. a continous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etceteras.
Soil stack. a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from toilet fixtures.
On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is converted to heat and is thus
absorbed. Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors.
Knobs and tubes. open wiring installation. Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden stoppage of flow.
Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.
Locknut and bushing. metal conduit installation. Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing system to the point of
connection for the fixtures.
Adaptors. PVC conduit installation.
Plumbing
Rain leader conductor. same as downspout.
Water meter. a device for measuring water volume. Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but may be used with vent pipes.
Check valve. permits passage of water in one direction only.
Circuit. a continouse electrical path. Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same line.
Current. unit of measurements is in amperes.
Resistance. measured in Ohms. Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and lavatory fixtures.
Horsepower. equal to 746 watts.
Junction box. location of splices, connections and taps. Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter measurements.

110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor in the circuit. Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.

Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment. Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installation for issuance of permit; is
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch. a registered with the PRC is the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation
Air conditioner. required independent circuit. work of a building project.

Storage battery. produces d-c current. Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in joints of G I pipes.

Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways. National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to ensure that plumbing
Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes installation conform with the demands of hygiene and comfort.
Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning. Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same
Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an electrical circuit. diameter for the purpose of making a joint.

Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to. Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures branches is supplied by gravity
Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit. from an elevated tank.
Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit.
Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits. Tap. a connection to a water supply main.
Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float.
A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one. Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint 2 pipes.
Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical process.
Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge from a septic tank.
Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment. Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a column of water of a given
height.
The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material is called specific gravity.
Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of which can be turned.
Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally satisfactory. Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting stream of water commonly used
for sink faucet.
Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design that adds to its decorative
aspect. Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower.
The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice that of a filament lamp. Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.

In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and wall outlets and baseboard Grounding system. Protects life property from damage.
receptacles installed instead.
Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit.
The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building is part of an architect's
professional service. Capacitator. charges storage batteries.
Conduit. protects electrical wiring.
Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a soil pipe. Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative loops.
Direct current. flows in one direction only.
Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient functioning of a plumbing system. Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit.
Rheostat controls intensity of current flow.
Plumbing
Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.
Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance. Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by siphonage.
Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection in an electrical circuit. Water table. ground water level.
Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected completing its path to the
source of supply. Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
Relay. stores electric charge. Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of electricity usually expressed in
Toggle switch. lever actuated. amperes.

Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor. Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current.
Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated giving an audible signal and a
Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit. visual indication when energized by pressing a button.

Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the different floors of a building. Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of current.

General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely with flourescent lamps because Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans when the electrical works
they are most economical to operate than incandescent lamps. exceeds 5 kilowatts load as per philippine electrical code.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by lightning stroke, lightning arresters
are used on structures of buildings. Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.

A portable instrument called an illuminometer indicates directly in foot candles the intensity of light
falling upon a surface.
Sound absorption is the process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat.waves travel
much faster in air than in steel.
60 hertz. the frequency of the electric power generated in Metro Manila.
Diffuser is a device, object or surface that absorb light or sound from a source.
Dimmer is a device which varies light intensity of a light source.

In elevator installation, the counterweight prevents the falling down of the elevator car. Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a particular object or draw attention to
a particular area.
The machine room in elevator intallations may be placed on top of the shaft or in the basement. Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect lighting unit s requires more
wattage than the indirect lighting system.
A thermostat is an instrument which responds to changes in temperature and directly or
indirectly controls temperature. Cold air can hold more water than hot air.

Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to an air conditioned space. Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for structure 6 or more stories in
height.
Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.
Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important when considering the
Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack. construction of an auditorium or music hall.
Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes.
Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe. An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good acoustics; however when acoustically
Service cock. normally installed before water meter. corrected is practically independent of the audience.
Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter. The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the discharge outlet.
Coupling. for hot and cold water connection.
Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Storm drain. for conveying rainwater.
Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection. Unit of resistance is called Ohms.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste. The density of the luminous flux on a surface is called lumen.
Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow. -pressure The unit of illumination is called candle power.
Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work. Cathode is component of flourescent lamp.
Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer. Pressure releif valves are safety device for water heater.
Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.

Plumbing
Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to prevent moisture condensation.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
Loudness is a measure of the magnitude of sound. The cost of maintenance of split type aircon is lower than a unit window type.

The pitch is a measure of highness or loudness of sound. Ball cock. a float vlave with spherical float.

Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installations for purpose of Angle valve. controls the direction of water and controls it.
searching permit.
Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and magnesium on water.
Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents corrosion.
G I pipes. lead caulked joints.
Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and wash posterior parts of the
body. Pneumatic tank. avoids construction of tower and longer supply lines.

Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used especially in hospitals.

Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of sewage.

Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors for emptying parts of the
dirty water.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing stream of water.

Cap. a fitting for closing the end of a pipe.

Panelboard. for control and protection of branch circuits.

Circular mill. equals an area of .00051 square millimeters.

Corporation cock. vlave placed near junction with public main.
Frequency. expressed in hertz.
Filter. usually not included in plumbing works.
Voltage. voltage at supply end less than at load end.
Check valve. automatically closes when reversal of water flow.
Volts. product of amperes and ohms.
Outside leaders. pipe used to carry waste or storm water.
Insulators. rubber, porcelain, or glass.
Pressure regulator. a valve to discharge excess water pressure.
Conductors. copper, aluminum, or silver.
Short circuit. heat developed resulting to fire.
Feeder. wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.

Friction tape. provides adequate insulation to splices of conductors.

Service entrance. point of delivery of power from service company.

Neutral wire. usually are not to be fused. Grease trap. necessary for residence with septic tank.
Globe valve. the same end must be used as inlet.
Wiring plan. for purchasing materials and installation. City engineer. the city electrivcian's office is under this department of the city of manila.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
Resistors. controls flow of current in an electric current.
a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit.
Chimes. connects to any power branch circuit.
2 conductor splice. 2 or more individually insulated electric conductors having a common
The visible output of light is measured in foot-candles. outer protective covering of metal.
Close circuit. a continous electrical path.
Speed of sound is faster in gas.
Power. watts / volts times voltage.
Unpainted bricks produce better acoustics.

Plumbing
Lightning is conceived as an integral parrt of the architectural design, an element of the
structure.

A good example of rheostat is a dimmer.

Wet stand pipe is not required in a building with automatic sprinkler system.
Electronic and communication engineer sign and seal for buildings having more than 5
telephones.
When 2 elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they can be located in 1 hoistway.

Incandescent bulb/lamp. a lamp from which light is emitted when a tungsten filament is heated Safety. is a device incorporated in the bottom beam of the car frame and counterweight. Exerts
to incandescence by an electric arc. retarding force in case of overspeed by gripping guide rails.
Limit switches. are automatic devices which stop the car within the overtravel, independently of the
Transformer. a device with 2 or more coupled windings, used to convert a supply of electric power at operating device.
one voltage to another voltage.
Tension sheave. gives stability in governor's rope.
Dumbwaiter.a small car to deliver materials.
Landing zone. is 18 inches above or below the landing.
Every 3 meters of a horizontal pipe shall be anchored. Absorptance. ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.

Sources of water supply: Accent lighting. directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part
1. Surface water. of the field of view.
2. Ground water.
3. Atmospheric water. Baffle. a single opaque or translucent element to shiled a source from direct view at certain
angles or absorb unwanted light.
Potable water. water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes annd
shall meet the accepted standard of purity required by the health department having authority. Ballast. device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for
starting and operating.
Types of sewage:
1. Domestic sewage. Brightness. luminance.
2. Industrial or trade sewage.
3. Storm water. Candela. unit of luminous intensity.

Types of sewers: Candle power. luminous intensity expressed in candelas.

1. Sanitary sewer.
2. Storm sewer. Coefficient of utilization. ratio of the luminous (flux) from a luminaire received on the work
3. Combined sewers. plane to the lumens emitted by the luminaire's alone.

Alternating current. is a current that changes both in strength and direction in a given time. Daylight factor. ratio of the daylight illuminance on a plane to the exterior illuminance on a horizontal
Shunt. The conductor of each branch. plane from the whole of an obstructed sky of assumed of known luminance.

Types of mounted transformer: Diffuse reflection. process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles.
1. H frame.
2. Cluster mounted. Diffuse lighting. light that is not predominantly incident from any particular dirction.
3. Pad mounted.
Diffuse. device to redirect light or scatter the light from a source primarily by the process of diffuse
Electro magnet. is essentially a coil of wire in which the magnetic circuit is partly or entirely transmission.
completed through a magnetic material such as iron.
Direct-indirect lighting. variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaires emit little or no light
Guide shoes. are fastened to car frame and counterweight at top and bottom. They fit guide at angles near the horizontal.
rails. Flush mounted or recessed. luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire
flush with the surface of the ceiling.

Plumbing
Footcandle. unit of illumination. SE. Service entrance.
USE. Undergrounf service entrance.
Glare. sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater than the
luminance to which the eeyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual UF. underground feeder.
performance and visibility.
TC. Tray cable.
Illuminance. the density of the luminous flux incident on a surface.
FC. Flat cable.
Louver shielding angle. angle between the horizontal plane of the baffles or louver grid and the plane
at which the louver conceals all objects above. MV. Medium voltage.

Lumen. unit of luminous flux. RH, RHH. heat resistant rubber.

Luminaire. complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to RHW. Moisture-and heat resistant rubber.
distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply.
RUH. Heat resistant latex.
Luminance. photometric brightness. the luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of
projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction. RUW. Moisture resistant latex rubber.

Luminous flux. the time rate of flow of light. T. Thermoplastic.

Lux. the metric unit of luminance, 1 lux is 1 lumen per square meter. TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic.
Mercury lamps. electric discharge lamps in which the major portion of the radiation is THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
produced by excitation of mercury atoms. XHHW. Moisture and heat resistant cross linked synthetic polymer.
MTW. Moisture, heat and oil resistant thermoplastic.
Rapid start fluorescent lamp. one designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the application of high voltage. PFA, PFAH. Perfluoroakoxy.

Shielding angle. angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight at which TFE. Extruded polytetrafluroethylene.
the bare source first becomes visible.
TA. Thermoplastic and asbestos.
Surface mounted luminaire. one mounted directly on the ceiling.
Suspended (pendant) luminaire. one hung from a ceiling by supports. TBS. Thermoplastic and fibrous outer braid.

3 common type of plastic: SIS. Synthetic heat resistant.

1. ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. MI. Mineral insulated (metal sheated).
2. PE polyethylene. UF. Underground feeder and branch circuit cable single conductor.
3. PVC and CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. USE. Underground service entrance cable single conductor.
SA. Silicone.
Caulking sleeve. a C I fitting used to join galvanized screw pipe to C I soil pipe
Water test. a test to determine whether there are leaks in a system of pipes. FEP, FEPB. Flourinated ethylene propylene.

AC. Armor clad. FEPW. Modified flourinated ethylene propylene.

MC. Metal clad.
Z, ZW. Modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
MI. Mineral insulated.
V. Varnished cambric.
NM or NMC. Non metallic sheathed cable.
AVA, AVL, AVB. Asbestos and varnished cambric.
SNM. Shielded non metallic sheathed cable. A, AA, AI, AIA. Asbestos.
Plumbing
Color code of pipes:
1. Potable water. blue.
2. Electric conduit. orange or light gray.
3. Industrial system. Gray.
4. Communication cable. Yellow.
5. Sewage system. orange brown.

Rigid type:
1. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
2. CPVC. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
3. UPVC. unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
4. PP. Polypropylene.
5. ABS. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
6. SR. Stylene rubber plastic.

Flexible type:
1. PE. Polyethylene.
2. PB. Polybutylene.

Plumbing