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Haemophilus influenzae:
1. is a gram negative rod T
2. is more virulent when capsualted T
3. is a nutritionally fastidious bacterium T (heated blood agar)
4. is one of several agents that may cause meningitis T
Streptococcus pyrogenes
1. is an alpha hemolytic organism F - it is a Beta hemolytic
2. grows under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions T (aerobic facultative anaerobes)
3. may cause scarlet fever T
4. is very often multi-drug resistant F - no known resistance
With regard to a freshly isolated E coli from a patient with lover urinary tract infection:
1. The bacterium is not usually fimbriated F
2. The pH of the urine is strongly alkaline F
3. The bacterium often (c 50% of untreated cases) ascends the ureters to cause acute
pyelonephritis F (can do that but not so commonly)
4. Copious drinking is usually sufficient to treat the infection without the use of antibiotics F
Transposons:
1. Are unstable DNA elements that can jump from one replicon to another T
2. can be involved in antibiotic resistance T
3. are synonymous to plasmids F
4. are sometimes composed of RNA F
With regard to bacterial spores
1. they are weakly acid-fast T - can be stained by using ZN stain
2. there are multiple spores within a bacterial cell F - one rod one spore
3. They are produced by members of the genera Clostridium and Bacillus T
4. They stain red in a Gram stained preparation F
Note : myocarditis is usually caused by a toxin (eg. diphtheria toxin) or a virus, it is rarely
caused by a virus. Endocarditis is more commonly caused by bacteria.